教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： Linguistics  

摘要： Context: The need of replicating empirical studies in Computer Science is widely recognized among the research community as a means to consolidate the acquired knowledge from previous studies and generalizing results. It is essential to report the changes in the settings of each replication to promote not only the comprehensibility of the evolution of the experimental validity of an original study across a family of studies, but also replicability itself. Unfortunately, the lack of proposals for the systematic reporting of changes in replication undermines these desirable objectives. Objective. The main goal of the work presented in this article is to provide researchers in Computer Science, and in other areas of research when appropriate, with a systematic, tool-supported approach for the specification and reporting of changes in the replications of their empirical studies. Method: Applying Design Science Research, once the problem was identified, we have developed and validated a composite artifact consisting of (i) a metamodel that formalizes all the relevant concepts related to replications and their changes;(ii) templates and linguistic patterns that facilitates the reporting of those relevant concepts;and (iii) a proof-of-concept model-based software tool that supports the proposed approach. For its validation, we have carried out a multiple case study including 9 families of empirical studies not only from Computer Science, but also from an area as different as Agrobiology, in order to check the external validity of our approach when applied to research areas for which it was not initially designed. The 9 families encompass 23 replication studies and a total of 92 replication changes, for which we have analyzed the suitability of our proposal. Results: The multiple case study revealed some initial limitations of our approach, such as shortcomings related to threats to experimental validity or context variables. After several improvement iterations on the arti

摘要： We consider the paradoxical concept of free will in a deterministic world - from the perspective of Theoretical Computer Science (TCS), a branch of mathematics concerned with understanding the underlying principles of computation and complexity, including the implications and surprising consequences of resource limitations. Although a deterministic entity living in a deterministic world cannot have free will as it is typically understood, it is entirely possible for such an entity to rightly and firmly believe in its own free *** Codes 68-02 © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Brain   Computer science   Machine learning   Neuroscience  

摘要： Computational neuroscientist Guangyu Robert Yang lifts the lid on the use of machine learning to detect and process odours, and the wider implications for neuroscience.

关键词： Computer science   Network   Network topology  

摘要： Quantifying structural dissimilarities between networks is a fundamental and challenging problem in network science. Previous network comparison methods are based on the structural features, such as the length of shortest path and degree, which only contain part of the topological information. Therefore, we propose an efficient network comparison method based on network embedding, which considers the global structural information. In detail, we first construct a distance matrix for each network based on the distances between node embedding vectors derived from DeepWalk. Then, we define the dissimilarity between two networks based on Jensen-Shannon divergence of the distance distributions. Experiments on both synthetic and empirical networks show that our method outperforms the baseline methods and can distinguish networks well. In addition, we show that our method can capture network properties, e.g., average shortest path length and link density. Moreover, the experiment of modularity further implies the functionality of our method.

关键词： Ethical technology  

摘要： The field of computer science is perhaps uniquely connected with industry. For example, our main publication outlets (i.e. conferences) are regularly sponsored by large technology companies, and much of our research funding is either directly or indirectly provided by industry. In turn, this places potential limitations on academic freedom, which is a profound ethical concern, yet curiously is not directly addressed within existing ethical codes. A field that limits academic freedom presents the risk that the results of the work conducted within it cannot always be relied upon. In the context of a field that is perhaps unique in both its connection to industry and impact on society, special measures are needed to address this problem. This paper discusses the range of protections that could be provided. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Computer science   Information technology   Chemistry   Drug discovery  

摘要： A host of companies provide a remote, automated workforce for conducting experiments around the clock.

关键词： Tensors   Internet of Things   Knowledge engineering   Computer science   Semantics   Graph neural networks   Task analysis   Graph neural network   graph representation learning   Internet of Things (IoT)   knowledge graph   knowledge reasoning   link prediction   tensor   tensor decomposition   tensor operations  

摘要： Knowledge graph builds the bridge from massive data generated by the interaction and communication between various objects to intelligent applications and services in Internet of Things. The graph representation learning technology represented by graph neural networks plays an essential role in the understanding and reasoning of the knowledge graph with complicated internal structure. Although they are capable of assigning different attention weights to neighbors, the graph attention network (GAT) and its variants are inherently flawed and inadequate in modeling high-order knowledge graphs with high heterogeneity. Therefore, we propose a novel multirelational GAT framework in this article for knowledge reasoning over heterogeneous graphs by employing tensor and tensor operations. Specifically, we formulate the general high-order heterogeneous knowledge graph first. Then, the tensor GAT (TGAT), composed of three components: 1) heterogeneous information propagation;2) multimodal semantic-aware attention;and 3) knowledge aggregation, is developed to simulate rich interactions between mixed triples, entities, and relationships when aggregating local information. What is more, we utilize the Tucker model to compress the parameters of TGAT and further reduce the storage and calculation consumption of the intermediate calculation process on the premise of maintaining the expressive power. We conduct extensive experiments to solve the link prediction task on four real-world heterogeneous graphs, and the results demonstrate that the TGAT model proposed in this article remarkably outperforms state-of-the-art competitors and improves the hits@1 accuracy by up to 7.6%.

关键词： Computer science   Diseases   Evolution  

摘要： How a pandemic that devastated the medieval world began, and efforts to control monkeypox.

关键词： Watches  

摘要： Context: The retraction of research papers, for whatever reason, is a growing phenomenon. However, although retracted paper information is publicly available via publishers, it is somewhat distributed and inconsistent. Objective: The aim is to assess: (i) the extent and nature of retracted research in Computer Science (CS) (ii) the post-retraction citation behaviour of retracted works and (iii) the potential impact upon systematic reviews and mapping studies. Method: We analyse the Retraction Watch database and take citation information from the Web of Science and Google scholar. Results: We find that of the 33,955 entries in the Retraction watch database (16 May 2022), 2,816 are classified as CS, i.e., ≈ 8%. For CS, 56% of retracted papers provide little or no information as to the reasons. This contrasts with 26% for other disciplines. There is also a remarkable disparity between different publishers, a tendency for multiple versions of a retracted paper to be available beyond the Version of Record (VoR), and for new citations long after a paper is officially retracted (median=3;maximum=18). Systematic reviews are also impacted with ≈ 30% of the retracted papers having one or more citations from a review. Conclusions: Unfortunately retraction seems to be a sufficiently common outcome for a scientific paper that we as a research community need to take it more seriously, e.g., standardising procedures and taxonomies across publishers and the provision of appropriate research tools. Finally, we recommend particular caution when undertaking secondary analyses and meta-analyses which are at risk of becoming contaminated by these problem primary studies. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.