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关键词： Computer Science   general   Computer Hardware   Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Data Structures and Information Theory  

摘要： Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag geht es nicht um fachspezifische Inhalte der Informatik. Um sie kümmern sich viele Lehrende in Forschung und Lehre und seit mehr als einem Jahr unter den erschwerten Bedingungen der Pandemie. Es geht um das Innovative der digitalen Transformation, um die Herausforderungen und Potenziale für Gesellschaft, Ökonomie und Umwelt und wie diese Teil der Informatiklehre werden können. Orientierung und Urteilsfähigkeit über den Prozess der digitalen Transformation zu erwerben, sollte im Zentrum von Digital Literacy stehen. Der Beitrag basiert auf Lehrerfahrungen aus mehreren Semestern, über die wir berichten werden.

关键词： Scientometrics   Research trends   Time-series prediction   Deep learning   Computer science  

摘要： Thousands of research papers are being published every day, and among all these research works, one of the fastest-growing fields is computer science (CS). Thus, learning which research areas are trending in this particular field of study is advantageous to a significant number of scholars, research institutions, and funding organizations. Many scientometric studies have been done focusing on analyzing the current CS trends and predicting future ones from different perspectives as a consequence. Despite the large datasets from this vast number of CS publications and the power of deep learning methods in such big data problems, deep neural networks have not yet been used to their full potential in this area. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to predict the upcoming years' CS trends using long short-term memory neural networks. Accordingly, CS papers from 1940 and their corresponding fields of study from the microsoft academic graph dataset have been exploited for solving this research trend prediction problem. The prediction accuracy of the proposed method is then evaluated using RMSE and coefficient of determination (R-2) metrics. The evaluations show that the proposed method outperforms the baseline approaches in terms of the prediction accuracy in all considered time periods. Subsequently, adopting the proposed method's predictions, we investigate future trending areas in computer science research from various viewpoints.

关键词： course analysis   clustering   classification   heat maps  

摘要： In this paper we consider courses of a Computer Science degree in an Italian university from the year 2011 up to 2020. For each course, we know the number of exams taken by students during a given calendar year and the corresponding average grade;we also know the average normalized value of the result obtained in the entrance test and the distribution of students according to the gender. By using classification and clustering techniques, we analyze different data sets obtained by pre-processing the original data with information about students and their exams, and highlight which courses show a significant deviation from the typical progression of the courses of the same teaching year, as time changes. Finally, we give heat maps showing the order in which exams were taken by graduated students. The paper shows a reproducible methodology that can be applied to any degree course with a similar organization, to identify courses that present critical issues over time. A strength of the work is to consider courses over time as variables of interest, instead of the more frequently used personal and academic data concerning students.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Computer Hardware   Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Data Structures and Information Theory  

摘要： Zusammenfassung Sowohl in der Praxis als auch in der Wissenschaft kam es in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem zunehmenden Interesse an datenintensiven Verfahren, wie der künstlichen Intelligenz. Die Mehrheit dieser Data-Science-Projekte fokussierte sich auf den Erklärungsgehalt und die Robustheit der Modelle. Vernachlässigt wurde hierbei häufig der Prozess der Datenvorverarbeitung, obwohl dieser ca. 80 % der Zeit eines Data-Science-Projekts beansprucht. Im Rahmen der Datenvorverarbeitung, welche auch als Data Preprocessing bezeichnet wird, werden Daten akquiriert, bereinigt, transformiert und reduziert. Das Ziel dieser Vorgehensweise ist die Generierung eines Datensatzes, welcher sich für Trainings- und Testzwecke der Data-Science-Modelle eignet. Somit ist das Data Preprocessing ein erforderlicher Prozessschritt, der für das maschinelle Erlernen von korrekten Mustern und Zusammenhängen notwendig ist. Häufig scheitern Data-Science-Projekte jedoch an der mangelhaften Datenvorverarbeitung. So werden beispielsweise fehlerhafte Daten nicht vorab identifiziert, wodurch möglicherweise falsche Zusammenhänge erlernt werden. Dies führt dazu, dass der Erklärungsgehalt der Data-Science-Modelle signifikant verringert wird. Eine Möglichkeit, dieses Problem zu lösen, ist das Outsourcing der Datenvorverarbeitung an spezialisierte Fachkräfte. Mithilfe einer Plattform kann ein sicherer und automatisierter Datenaustausch zwischen Kunden und Dienstleistern gewährleistet werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert, wie die Plattform für das Data Preprocessing genutzt werden kann, um eine effizientere und schnellere Bereitstellung der Daten zu ermöglichen.

关键词： death penalty   capital punishment   legitimacy   Brazil   insecurity   crime  

摘要： The primary purpose of this study was to examine public support for the death penalty in Brazil and to determine factors that influence such support. Currently, Brazil has the death penalty for cases involving war crimes, genocides, terrorism, and crime against humanity. The country's constitution, however, prohibits the use of the death penalty in ordinary crimes. Analyzing individual-level cross-sectional data collected by the American Barometer Survey, we found that a significant majority of Brazilians support the death penalty, with more than two thirds expressing greater support. In terms of factors, it was revealed that frequency of murders, sense of insecurity, and perceived institutional legitimacy largely influence support for the death penalty. In addition, ethnicity, religiosity, and religious affiliation affect citizens' attitudes toward the death penalty. The findings of this study have serious implications for research and practice.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Operating Systems   Software Engineering   Artificial Intelligence  

摘要： Asymptotic behavior and asymptotic expansions of solutions to the second term of the fourth Painleve hierarchy are constructed using power geometry methods [1]. Only results for the case of general position-for the equation parameters beta, delta not equal 0-are provided. For constructing asymptotic expansions, a code written in a computer algebra system is used.

关键词： Ethics   Training   Codes   Computer science   Reflection   Europe   Robots   Engineering   ethical competence   evaluation rubric   final degree project  

摘要： Ethics is taking a relevant role in this 21st century, in most cases going hand in hand with scientific-technological advances and the social and cultural implications. However, to date, the evidence on which a university in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) can rely to incorporate the ethical perspective in the educational curriculum successfully is still scarce. To increase the body of knowledge in engineering ethics, this article presents and evaluates the initiative called 'Tecnoetica' implemented at the University of Deusto, Spain. This initiative proposes to include training in ethical principles, dilemmas, and issues from a holistic and participatory standpoint in which lecturers and students are involved. Because of the initiative, an evaluation rubric is presented as the main contribution from which other centers, universities and/or faculties can benefit.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Computer Hardware   Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Data Structures and Information Theory  

摘要： Zusammenfassung Die Formale Begriffsanalyse vermag aus den Daten zu Gegenständen und deren Merkmalen eine Datenstruktur zu ermitteln. Es wird ein weitgehend automatisierbares Verfahren vorgestellt, das ausgehend von Elementarsätzen in Form von RDF-Tripeln in einem iterativen Bottom-up-Prozess mittels Semantischer Netze und der Formalen Begriffsanalyse zu einem Ontologieschema führt. Neben der Taxonomie der Klassen wird hierbei auch eine Taxonomie der Relationstypen erstellt. Die durch die Formale Begriffsanalyse automatisch erstellten Merkmalimplikationen können für die Qualitätssicherung herangezogen werden. Führt diese zu Korrekturen und Erweiterungen der Elementarsätze, wird der Prozess wiederholt. Das resultierende Ontologieschema wird in ein Entity-Relationship-Diagramm überführt, das die Grundlage für ein konzeptionelles Datenbankschema liefert. Zur Demonstration des Verfahrens wird exemplarisch eine Ontologie eines Wissensgebiets *** Überlegungen zur Erstellung des Ontologieschemas lassen sich prinzipiell auch bei der Erstellung und Ausarbeitung beliebiger semantischer Datenschemata anwenden. Somit bietet diese Bottom-up-Methode die Chance, die Generierung des Datenbankschemas algorithmisch durch Beispielsammlungen zu unterstützen. Da jeder Schritt im Verfahren nachvollziehbar und somit von der Person des Modellierers unabhängig ist, liefert das Verfahren einen Beitrag zur Automatisierung der Modellierung, insbesondere von Ontologien.

关键词： Safety   Software   Task analysis   Training   Computer science   Software architecture   IEC Standards   Experimental research   safety-critical systems   software architecture   software engineering education  

摘要： Contribution: This article details the conduction of an experiment to investigate the knowledge that computer science graduate students have about safety-critical systems development, in particular, safety requirements specifications. Future research directions are also discussed. Background: Safety-critical systems have been increasingly used in many critical domains, requiring a rigorous development process as well as certification by regulatory agencies. However, it is not clear whether computer science courses deliver adequate education for students to develop such systems. Experimental research with these students could provide evidence on whether they have the minimum knowledge necessary to develop safety-critical systems. This type of research presents several advantages, such as reproducibility, high-level control, and specific conclusions, but has not been widely adopted to verify learning issues. Research Question: How to measure the understanding of students on safety-critical systems development?

关键词： Model   Study of models and modelling   More  

摘要： Models are a universal instrument in science, technology, and daily life. They function as instruments in almost every scenario. Any human activity can be (and is) supported by models, e.g. reason, explain, design, act, predict, explore, communicate, collaborate, interact, orient, direct, guide, socialises, perceive, reflect, develop, making sense, teach, learn, imagine, etc. This universal suitability is also the basis for a wide use of models and modelling in Computer Science and Engineering. We claim that models form the fourth dimension in Computer Science. This paper sketches and systematises the main ingredients of the study model and modelling.