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关键词： capital punishment   Marshall hypothesis   public opinion  

摘要： As we approach the 50-year anniversary of the landmark Furman decision, the time is ripe for a renewed empirical test of the hypotheses Justice Marshall presented in his concurring opinion. Most relevant to this study, he suggested in his second proposition that "people who were fully informed as to the purposes of the penalty and its liabilities would find the penalty, shocking, unjust and unacceptable." While there has been much empirical testing of this hypothesis, the intent of this study is to add to the existing literature by examining whether specific types of information about capital punishment is associated with opposition to capital punishment. Data were collected by an instructor who taught death penalty classes (n = 122 subjects) to test this hypothesis. Results provide qualified support for Marshall's second hypothesis that knowledge is significantly related to an increase in death penalty opposition. Moreover, the following factors were significant predictors of overall change in participants' opinion: cost, deterrence, race of victim, and evolving societies. Surprisingly, the innocence items did not appear statistically significant in altering opinions. Future research should continue to explore further aspects of the Marshall hypothesis such as the effect of different methods of information delivery.

关键词： Systematics   Engineering profession   Statistics   Software   Sociology   Information technology   Computer science   Computer science (CS)   educational interventions (EIs)   female students   Latin America   women  

摘要： Contributions: The underrepresentation of women in computer science (CS) majors has long been a focus of attention in many academic documents, the majority of them from the United States and Europe. There is, however, a lack of information about educational interventions (EIs) for women in computing in Latin America. The contribution of this article is to cover this gap and describe what researchers in Latin American countries have been publishing about the recruitment and retention of women in the CS field.

关键词： Culturally authentic pedagogy   High school computer science   K-12 computer science   Student agency  

摘要： This study explores student agency in the context of a culturally authentic computer science (CS) curriculum implemented in an introductory CS course in two high schools. Drawing on focus group and interview data, the study utilizes qualitative research methods to examine how students exercise critical agency as they engage in the course and how the curriculum supports student agency. Findings suggest three ways in which the curriculum served as a context for student agency: (1) gaining CS knowledge and skills that students then apply to address real-world needs and problems, (2) creating opportunities to “try-on” or improvise new identities and/or envision “future selves” in CS, and (3) engaging in personally relevant project work that leverages assets students brought to their experience with the curriculum. Implications for CS education research and practice are discussed. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Privacy   Protocols   Entropy   Computer science   Task analysis   Probabilistic logic   Data mining   Privacy amplification   tamperable memory   randomness extractors   non-malleability  

摘要： We extend the classical problem of privacy amplification to a setting where the active adversary, Eve, is also allowed to fully corrupt the internal memory (which includes the shared randomness, and local randomness tape) of one of the honest parties, Alice and Bob, before the execution of the protocol. We require that either one of Alice or Bob detects tampering, or they agree on a shared key that is indistinguishable from the uniform distribution to Eve. We obtain the following results: 1) we give a privacy amplification protocol via low-error non-malleable two-source extractors with one source having low min-entropy. In particular, this implies the existence of such (non-efficient) protocols;2) we show that even slight improvements to the state-of-the-art explicit non-malleable two-source extractors would lead to explicit low-error, low min-entropy two-source extractors, thereby resolving a long-standing open question. This suggests that obtaining (information-theoretically secure) explicit non-malleable two-source extractors for (1) might be hard;3) we present explicit constructions of low-error, low min-entropy non-malleable two-source extractors in the CRS model of (Garg, Kalai, Khurana, Eurocrypt 2020), assuming either the quasi-polynomial hardness of DDH or the existence of nearly-optimal collision-resistant hash functions;4) we instantiate our privacy amplification protocol with the above mentioned non-malleable two-source extractors in the CRS model, leading to explicit, computationally-secure protocols. This is not immediate from (1) because in the computational setting we need to make sure that, in particular, all randomness sources remain samplable throughout the proof. This requires upgrading the assumption of quasi-polynomial hardness of DDH to sub-exponential hardness of *** emphasize that each of the first three results can be read independently.

关键词： 计算机科学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787115578938

摘要： 本书是为满足“大学计算机基础”课程改革的要求，由长期从事计算机基础教学的教师将“计算机应用”“计算机文化”“计算思维导论”等课程融合后精心编写而成的。全书共7章，内容包括计算机技术概述、计算机系统、操作系统、计算机网络技术、信息与网络安全技术、软件技术基础、计算思维简介。

关键词： computer science education   high schools   california   leadership   course taking  

摘要： Purpose: We aim to better understand the curricular, staffing, and achievement trade-offs entailed by expansions of high-school computer science (CS) for students, schools, and school leaders. Methods: We use descriptive, correlational, and quasi-experimental methods to analyze statewide longitudinal course-, school-, and staff-level data from California, where CS course taking has expanded rapidly. Findings: We find that these rapid CS course expansions have not come at the expense of CS teachers' observable qualifications (namely certification, education, or experience). Within-school course taking patterns over time suggest that CS enrollment growth has come at the expense of social studies, English/language arts (ELA), and arts courses, as well as from other miscellaneous electives. However, we find no evidence that increased enrollment of students in CS courses at a school has a significant effect on students' math or ELA test scores. Implications: Flexible authorization requirements for CS teachers appear to have allowed school leaders to staff new CS courses with teachers whose observable qualifications are strong, though we do not observe teachers' CS teaching skill. Increasing CS participation is unlikely to noticeably improve school-level student test scores, but administrators also do not need to be overly concerned that test scores will suffer. However, school leaders and policymakers should think carefully about what courses new CS courses will replace and whether such replacements are worthwhile.

关键词： Climate change   Computer science   Machine learning  

摘要： Emissions data for different locations could help researchers to reduce the environmental cost of machine-learning experiments.

摘要： The present situation is investigated and the relevance of the stage of prototyping of user interfaces as intermediary of human-machine interaction in the process of software development is substantiated. The necessity of improving the methodology of teaching graphic disciplines and the relevance of studying the technologies of «UX/UI Design» in the process of professional training of future bachelor’s in computer science as a perspective direction in view of the demands of the labor market and as a factor that raises the level of motivation of students for professional activity in general and on the formation of graphic competence. The methodical provision of the course is described, the structure and content of the theoretical and practical part of the course are presented, which is focused on the study of the technology of «UX/UI Design». The mathematical modeling of the discipline learning process «UX/UI Design» is described. The use of mathematical modeling to develop a model for training the discipline «UX/UI Design» provided the basis for the creation of a system of scientific-methodical and computer support of pedagogical activities and outlined the perspectives of designing a pedagogical technology for the formation of graphic competence of future Bachelor of Computer Sciences in the course of studying the discipline «UX/UI Design».