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关键词： Chatbots  

摘要： LLM chatbot interfaces allow students to get instant, interactive assistance with homework, but doing so carelessly may not advance educational objectives. In this study, an interactive homework help system based on DeepSeek R1 is developed and first implemented for students enrolled in a large computer science beginning programming course. In addition to an assist button in a well-known code editor, our assistant also has a feedback option in our command-line automatic evaluator. It wraps student work in a personalized prompt that advances our educational objectives without offering answers straight away. We have discovered that our assistant can recognize students' conceptual difficulties and provide ideas, plans, and template code in pedagogically appropriate ways. However, among other mistakes, it occasionally incorrectly labels the correct student code as incorrect or encourages students to use correct-but-lesson-inappropriate approaches, which can lead to long and frustrating journeys for the students. After discussing many development and deployment issues, we provide our conclusions and future actions. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： biopolymer   entoconcrete   green concrete   organic waste   sustainability  

摘要： Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and is found mainly in the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects, in the cell walls of fungi, and in some species of mollusks. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin;it is much more accessible and has a broader range of applications, including improving the quality of materials such as films, plastics, and concrete. The rheological properties of chitin and chitosan refer to their behavior against deformation and flow and their ability to resist structural changes under mechanical stress conditions. These properties are fundamental in applications where the aim is to control the texture, viscosity, and handling of these biopolymers. Three types of methods for the extraction of chitin and chitosan can be classified: the first is the chemical method, which presents high yields but uses reagents that generate toxic residues;the second is the biological method, which takes advantage of chemical reactions of microorganisms but in some cases has low yields compared to chemical extraction;and the third is the enzymatic method, which uses reagents with a low production of toxic residues. However, low extraction yields are also reported. One of the primary sources of chitin and chitosan is the residue of shellfish and crustaceans. However, a new source of obtaining these compounds is the black soldier fly, which has the same yields of biopolymers as shellfish. In addition, this is a residue of the black soldier fly larvae culture, where protein, oil, and biofertilizers are generated by the bioconversion of organic waste. This work proposes the black soldier fly as an alternative source for extracting chitin and chitosan, using organic methodologies that do not generate toxic residues and have high yields. Including these biopolymers in concrete elaboration could have positive results in terms of flexibility, compressive strength, and workability.

关键词： Malware   Feature extraction   Accuracy   Gray-scale   Classification algorithms   Training   Frequency-domain analysis   Supervised learning   Convolutional neural networks   Computer science   Malware variants   malware detection   feature alignment  

摘要： Malware poses a great threat to information security such as user data, privacy, and assets. Early detection before it has a real impact is the main countermeasure. However, the diversity of carriers and technologies has led to a huge gap between the training scenarios and actual scenarios of detection methods. This makes it difficult for supervision-based detection frameworks to identify new malware variants and complicates threat response. We propose a novel method that integrates frequency domain techniques with feature alignment to enhance variant malware detection, reducing distribution differences between labeled (source) and new (target) samples. By converting malware into grayscale images and applying discrete cosine transform (DCT) for improved feature extraction, followed by feature extraction via a deep residual network from both domains, our model systematically aligns features. This alignment is achieved through a tailored domain adaptation technique involving the minimization of classification and domain alignment losses, which ensures the consistent learning of features across varied domains. Such rigorous alignment not only enhances detection accuracy for both known and variant malware but also supports simultaneous detection across significant distribution differences. We conduct extensive experiments on two real-world datasets to evaluate the performance of various deep learning models under consistent and inconsistent domain distributions. Compared to existing methods, our approach improves accuracy by an average of 1.4% on the BIG2015 dataset, 3.2% on the MDA dataset, 2.75% on the Malimg dataset, and also achieves the best performance on the MaleVis dataset, with similar gains in precision, recall, and F1-score across all datasets.

关键词： ICT teachers   primary school students   digital skills   digital literacy   computer science  

摘要： The rapid development of technology sets its own rules for adults and children. For younger schoolchildren, acquiring digital skills from primary school will give them the confidence to apply them correctly in school, at university, and in their lives. Schools should be interested in providing the necessary conditions to develop children's digital skills. Teachers can equip them with the basic skills needed to live successfully in the digital age by teaching them digital literacy skills. They can help children develop their digital skills and move consciously in the digital environment. The development of digital literacy in primary school students and the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) teachers in this development are considered relevant and timely in the article. The study examines the vision and experiences of Kazakhstani primary school computer science teachers in developing students' digital skills in informatics classes. The article discusses research methods such as questionnaires, interviewing ICT teachers, observation, and participation in computer science lessons to better understand the actual situation in primary schools in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study's results will be helpful for schools and are suggested for improving computer science curricula.

关键词： 3D segmentation   computed tomography   computer science   graphical user interface  

摘要： The contact surface area (CSA) quantifies the interface between a tumor and an organ and is a key predictor of perioperative outcomes in kidney cancer. However, existing CSA computation methods rely on shape assumptions and manual annotation. We propose a novel approach using 3D reconstructions from computed tomography (CT) scans to provide an accurate CSA estimate. Our method includes a segmentation protocol and an algorithm that processes reconstructed meshes. We also provide an open-source implementation with a graphical user interface. Tested on synthetic data, the algorithm showed minimal error and was evaluated on data from 82 patients. We computed the CSA using both our approach and Hsieh's method, which relies on subjective CT scan measurements, in a double-blind study with two radiologists of different experience levels. We assessed the correlation between our approach and the expert radiologist's measurements, as well as the deviation of both our method and the less experienced radiologist from the expert's values. While the mean and variance of the differences between the less experienced radiologist and the expert were lower, our method exhibited a slight deviation from the expert's, demonstrating its reliability and consistency. These findings are further supported by the results obtained from synthetic data testing.

关键词： Computer science   Machine learning   Policy   Public health  

摘要： As the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act takes effect, AI systems that mimic how human teams collaborate can improve trust in high-risk situations, such as clinical medicine.

关键词： Machine learning   Computer science   Sustainability   Energy  

摘要： Researchers want firms to be more transparent about the electricity demands of artificial intelligence.

关键词： Bidirectional multiscale degradation indicator   Multimodal Interactive attention   Spatial-temporal network   Deep ensembles   Remaining useful life prediction  

摘要： Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is essential for the health management of rotating machinery systems (RMSs). Because of the complex and variable service conditions of RMSs, degraded data over the entire service cycle frequently feature strong noise and data imbalance, which increase the difficulty and instability of RUL prediction. Therefore, an RUL prediction method based on a multimodal interactive attention spatial-temporal network (MIASTN) with a deep ensemble is proposed to improve the reliability and generalizability of intelligent models. First, the MIASTN is constructed as a deep base learner (DBL), and multiple DBLs are integrated to construct a deep ensemble prediction system. Second, a bidirectional multiscale degradation indicator space is constructed using signal processing decomposition theory to transform the original vibration data into a more interpretable form to improve model interpretability. Finally, a learning method ensemble strategy is employed to achieve the final decision using a DBL as a deep integrator. The proposed RUL prediction method is validated through two case studies. The experimental analysis results show that the proposed method offers significant advantages.

关键词： Neck pain   Disability   Telerehabilitation   Exercise   Telemedicine  

摘要： Objectives Despite the widespread use of TENS in the treatment of chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNNP), there are few studies on Telerehabilitation (TR), and no studies comparing their effectiveness compared to each other in this field. It was planned to investigate and compare the effectiveness of TENS and TR, which is an online rehabilitation tool. Methods Forty-eight (female 45, male 3) patients with CNNP, aged 36.31 + 12.54 years, were randomized into TENS, TR or control groups. Pain severity was determined by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Bournemouth Neck Questionnaire (NBQ), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Module (WHOQOL-BREF). Results VAS, NBQ, NBI, CNFDS Time*Group interaction showed a significant positive change after treatment (p = 0.013, p = 0.007, p = 0.022, p = 0.005, respectively). The effect size of this difference over time was large (p eta 2 = 0.177, p eta 2 = 0.198, p eta 2 = 0.156, p eta 2 = 0.208, respectively). Post-treatment, the highest mean difference was found in VAS and NDI values in the TENS (MD:2.656, MD:7.000, p < 0.001), NBQ, CNFDS, WHOQOL-Bref in the TR (MD:13.187, MD:5.312, MD:-9.660, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion VAS and NBQ in the TENS and NDI, CNFS, WHOQOL-Bref in the TR group were more effective after treatment than before treatment in patients with CNNP.

关键词： Computer science   Ethics   Mathematics and computing   Scientific community  

摘要： A survey finds that most respondents are sceptical that the technology underpinning large-language models is sufficient for artificial general intelligence.