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关键词： Students  

摘要： Concerns about participation in computer science at all levels of education continue to rise, despite the substantial efforts of research, policy, and world-wide education initiatives. In this paper, which is guided by a systematic literature review, we investigate the issue of inequalities in participation by bringing a theoretical lens from the sociology of education, and particularly, Bourdieu’s theory of social reproduction. By paying particular attention to Bourdieu’s theorising of capital, habitus, and field, we first establish an alignment between Bourdieu’s theory and what is known about inequalities in computer science (CS) participation;we demonstrate how the factors affecting participation constitute capital forms that individuals possess to leverage within the computer science field, while students’ views and dispositions to wards computer science and scientists are rooted in their habitus which influences their successful assimilation in computer science fields. Subsequently, by projecting the issue of inequalities in CS participation to Bourdieu’s sociological theorisations, we explain that because most interventions do not consider the issue holistically and not in formal education settings, the reported benefits do not continue in the long-term which reproduces the problem. Most interventions have indeed contributed significantly to the issue, but they have either focused on developing some aspects of computer science capital or on designing activities that, although inclusive in terms of their content and context, attempt to re-construct students’ habitus to "fit" in the already "pathologized" computer science fields. Therefore, we argue that to contribute significantly to the equity and participation issue in computer science, research and interventions should focus on restructuring the computer science field and the rules of participation, as well as on building holistically students’ computer science capital and habitus within computer science fi

关键词： Satellites   Resource management   Network architecture   Routing   Computer science   Artificial intelligence   Training   Wireless communication network   space-air-ground integrated network   virtual network architecture   virtual network embedding   deep reinforcement learning  

摘要： Traditional ground wireless communication networks cannot provide high-quality services for artificial intelligence (AI) applications such as intelligent transportation systems (ITS) due to deployment, coverage and capacity issues. The space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) has become a research focus in the industry. Compared with traditional wireless communication networks, SAGIN is more flexible and reliable, and it has wider coverage and higher quality of seamless connection. However, due to its inherent heterogeneity, time-varying and self-organizing characteristics, the deployment and use of SAGIN still faces huge challenges, among which the orchestration of heterogeneous resources is a key issue. Based on virtual network architecture and deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we model SAGIN's heterogeneous resource orchestration as a multi-domain virtual network embedding (VNE) problem, and propose a SAGIN cross-domain VNE algorithm. We model the different network segments of SAGIN, and set the network attributes according to the actual situation of SAGIN and user needs. In DRL, the agent is acted by a five-layer policy network. We build a feature matrix based on network attributes extracted from SAGIN and use it as the agent training environment. Through training, the probability of each underlying node being embedded can be derived. In test phase, we complete the embedding process of virtual nodes and links in turn based on this probability. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the algorithm from both training and testing.

关键词： Biodiversity monitoring   AMMOD   Bioacoustic monitoring   Visual monitoring   Computer vision   Metabarcoding   Volatile organic compounds   Pattern recognition   Computer science   Artificial intelligence  

摘要： Rapid changes of the biosphere observed in recent years are caused by both small and large scale drivers, like shifts in temperature, transformations in land-use, or changes in the energy budget of systems. While the latter processes are easily quantifiable, documentation of the loss of biodiversity and community structure is more difficult. Changes in organismal abundance and diversity are barely documented. Censuses of species are usually fragmentary and inferred by often spatially, temporally and ecologically unsatisfactory simple species lists for individual study sites. Thus, detrimental global processes and their drivers often remain unrevealed. A major impediment to monitoring species diversity is the lack of human taxonomic expertise that is implicitly required for large-scale and fine-grained assessments. Another is the large amount of personnel and associated costs needed to cover large scales, or the inaccessibility of remote but nonetheless affected areas. To overcome these limitations we propose a network of Automated Multisensor stations for Monitoring of species Diversity (AMMODs) to pave the way for a new generation of biodiversity assessment centers. This network combines cutting-edge technologies with biodiversity informatics and expert systems that conserve expert knowledge. Each AMMOD station combines autonomous samplers for insects, pollen and spores, audio recorders for vocalizing animals, sensors for volatile organic compounds emitted by plants (pVOCs) and camera traps for mammals and small invertebrates. AMMODs are largely self-containing and have the ability to pre-process data (e.g. for noise filtering) prior to transmission to receiver stations for storage, integration and analyses. Installation on sites that are difficult to access require a sophisticated and challenging system design with optimum balance between power requirements, bandwidth for data transmission, required service, and operation under all environmental conditions for yea

关键词： Computer science   Cyberbullying   Interdisciplinary research   Machine learning   Psychology   Social media  

摘要： Cyberbullying has become increasingly prevalent, particularly on social media. There has also been a steady rise in cyberbullying research across a range of disciplines. Much of the empirical work from computer science has focused on developing machine learning models for cyberbullying detection. Whereas machine learning cyberbullying detection models can be improved by drawing on psychological theories and perspectives, there is also tremendous potential for machine learning models to contribute to a better understanding of psychological aspects of cyberbullying. In this paper, we discuss how machine learning models can yield novel insights about the nature and defining characteristics of cyberbullying and how machine learning approaches can be applied to help clinicians, families, and communities reduce cyberbullying. Specifically, we discuss the potential for machine learning models to shed light on the repetitive nature of cyberbullying, the imbalance of power between cyberbullies and their victims, and causal mechanisms that give rise to cyberbullying. We orient our discussion on emerging and future research directions, as well as the practical implications of machine learning cyberbullying detection models. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Blockchains   Benchmark testing   IEEE transactions   Costs   Computer science   Bitcoin   Performance evaluation   Blockchain   Architectures   Smart contracts   Performance analysis   Application  

摘要： Blockchain is an emerging technology, with a decentralized infrastructure avoiding third party dependency. Smartcontracts are one of the features of Ethereum blockchain, capable of running distributed applications in unreliableenvironments, enabling process automation and being one of the most sought technologies due to the highcustomization added to transactions. However, little is known about predicting the cost and execution time behavior of blockchain-based system transactions. This work aims to evaluate the performance of an Ethereum network through an application designed to analyze the cost and time of transactions that store characters in the blockchain. To meet the proposed objective, we designed an application for performing transactions with data inclusion and query on a blockchain, collecting time and cost data. As main conclusions of this work we have: the Ethereum platform proved to be inconstant in relation to the processing time of transactions on the blockchain and the application developed based on blockchain can provide a mechanism to evaluate text-type operations on Ethereum network.

关键词： Codes   Decoding   Encoding   Error correction codes   Computer science   Periodic structures   Search problems   Error-correcting code   algebraic-geometric code   list decoding   explicit construction   pseudorandomness  

摘要： We present an explicit and efficient algebraic construction of capacity-achieving list decodable codes with both constant alphabet and constant list sizes. More specifically, for any R is an element of (0, 1) and epsilon > 0, we give an algebraic construction of an infinite family of error-correcting codes of rate R, over an alphabet of size (1/epsilon)(O(1/epsilon 2)), that can be list decoded from a (1 - R - epsilon)-fraction of errors with list size at most exp(poly(1/epsilon)). Moreover, the codes can be encoded in time poly(1/epsilon, n), the output list is contained in a linear subspace of dimension at most poly(1/epsilon), and a basis for this subspace can be found in time poly(1/epsilon, n). Thus, both encoding and list decoding can be performed in fully polynomial-time poly(1/epsilon, n), except for pruning the subspace and outputting the final list which takes time exp(poly(1/epsilon)) . poly(n). In contrast, prior explicit and efficient constructions of capacity-achieving list decodable codes either required a much higher complexity in terms of 1/epsilon (and were additionally much less structured), or had super-constant alphabet or list sizes. Our codes are quite natural and structured. Specifically, we use algebraic-geometric (AG) codes with evaluation points restricted to a subfield, and with the message space restricted to a (carefully chosen) linear subspace. Our main observation is that the output list of AG codes with subfield evaluation points is contained in an affine shift of the image of a block-triangular-Toeplitz (BTT) matrix, and that the list size can potentially be reduced to a constant by restricting the message space to a BTT evasive subspace, which is a large subspace that intersects the image of any BTT matrix in a constant number of points. We further show how to explicitly construct such BTT evasive subspaces, based on the explicit subspace designs of Guruswami and Kopparty (Combinatorica, 2016), and composition.

关键词： math   content   curriculum area   robotics   technology perspectives   technology integration   elementary school   middle school  

摘要： The ideas of computational thinking (CT) and computer science (CS) are increasingly being integrated into K-12 education. Yet, insufficient attention exists regarding access and exposure of CT and CS for students with disabilities. In this Technology in Action, the authors sought to present an argument-as well as actual activities-for teachers to start to expose and engage students with disabilities in CT and CS. Through the presentation of case studies as well as other non-case situated activities, practical ideas, and steps for integrating CT and CS in mathematics teaching and learning for students with disabilities are presented.

关键词： Computer Science   Analytical Models   Codes   Data Models   Behavioral Sciences   Physics   Open Source Software  

摘要： Skills in computer science can have great value in studying, doing, and communicating physics. As educators, we asked ourselves how to make students aware of that, and how to offer them a new and appealing approach to physics. We also wondered how to increase students' engagement, participation, and understanding, particularly when lessons are delivered online. Thus, we began a project to develop study materials for an introductory course in physics for computer science and we chose to use open source software. The materials are organized as a set of Jupyter notebooks hosted on an open GitHub repository. The notebooks deal with the fundamental concepts of physics related to everyday life, offering examples of what can be done with a few lines of Python code. In the notebooks we propose activities to observe phenomena, describe problems, experiment, acquire and analyze data, and model the behavior of systems. The contents are suitable for undergraduates, high-school students, and evergreen students. We have used the materials for lectures, guided laboratory activities, and presentations to freshmen and younger students, and we plan to continue with this project.

关键词： Fiber crafts   Computational concepts   Posthumanist perspectives   Constructionism   Materiality of learning  

摘要： Fiber crafts, such as weaving and sewing, occupy a tension-filled space within computing. While associated with domestic practices, fiber crafts have been recognized as a precursor of the earliest computers and continue to present sources of computational inspiration. The connections between fiber crafts and computing have the potential to uncover possibilities for computing to become more diversified in terms of materials, cultural practices, and ultimately people. To explore the promises of fiber crafts for STEM education, this qualitative dissertation built on constructionist and posthumanist perspectives to examine two fiber crafts (i.e., weaving and fabric manipulation) as contexts for computer science learning. Collectively, the dissertation effectively aligned fiber crafts with computational concepts and showed their potential as a promising context for computer science learning. The work further showed that materials used for STEM learning are non-neutral. Materials matter in what can be learned computationally. Lastly, guided by posthumanist perspectives, the dissertation uncovered computational learning as the process of producing physical expansions and highlighted learning as the process of how computational concepts physically change. The work has implications for theorizing learning, designing for learning, and educational practice. For example, the dissertation presents the utility of posthumanist perspectives as an additional theoretical approach to the study of learning that can surface and help address ongoing relational deficit orientations.

关键词： authentication   computer science   divine action   evidence   identity   reformed theology   religious belief   trust  

摘要： A vital axiom of Reformed theology is that God is who God claims to be, and that he acts to "self-authenticate" his identity to humans through the internal witness of the Holy Spirit. But how ought theologians to represent and make sense of the multiform nature of divine self-authentication (DSA)? And can their models account for the various kinds of evidence God utilizes in acts of DSA, or explain why doubt and deception about divine identity persists despite it? Operating at the intersection of theology and computer science, this study examines how modern authentication technologies can deepen theological reflection upon the nature, evidence, and efficacy of DSA. It proposes that computer authentication "trust systems": (1) offer a valuable schematic for representing the variegated structural patterns inherent in DSA;(2) shed critical light on the forms and functions of evidence used in DSA;and (3) provide strategies and practical measures for offsetting the continuing risk of deception about human and divine identity.