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关键词： Students  

摘要： Doctoral programs often have high rates of depression, anxiety, isolation, and imposter phenomenon. Consequently, graduating students may feel inadequately prepared for research-focused careers, contributing to an attrition of talent. Prior work identifies an important contributing factor to maladjustment: even with prior exposure to research, entering Ph.D. students often have problematically idealized views of science. These preconceptions can become obstacles for students in their own professional growth. Unfortunately, existing curricular and extracurricular programming in many doctoral programs fail to include mechanisms to systematically address students’ misconceptions of their profession. In this work, we describe a new initiative at our institution that aims to address Ph.D. mental health via a mandatory seminar for entering doctoral students. The seminar is designed to build professional resilience in students by (1) increasing self-regulatory competence, and (2) teaching students to proactively examine academic cultural values and to participate in shaping them. Our evaluation indicates that students improved in both areas after completing the seminar. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Curricula  

摘要： We present a historical overview of how computer science (CS) was introduced in schools in Israel. We analyze the importance of the inclusion of CS in school curricula, for the individual development of pupils’ capabilities in all facets, and for Israel’s society and economy. We stress the need to expose all pupils to CS in a seamless learning gamified approach, in a spiral deepening of the two essential complementing aspects of CS—algorithms and programming. We start with perceptible physical moving robots that demonstrate an unbiased reaction of algorithms and programs, and gradually train for developing capabilities to abstract data structures, algorithms, and programs. We detail the journey of the introduction of computer science to the Israel Education system. The CS Curricula are described starting with elementary school, into middle school and then high school. Implementation issues are also briefly discussed. Finally, we discuss our vision for future developments in Israel’s CS education. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Bioinformatics   Computer science   Applied computing in physical science   Applied computing in medical science  

摘要： One of the top priorities in any laboratory is archiving experimental data in the most secure, efficient, and errorless way. It is especially important to those in chemical and biological research, for it is more likely to damage experiment records. In addition, the transmission of experiment results from paper to electronic devices is time-consuming and redundant, Therefore, we introduce an open-source no-code electronic laboratory notebook, Elegancy, a cloudbased/standalone web service distributed as a Docker image. Elegancy fits all laboratories but is specially equipped with several features benefitting biochemical laboratories. It can be accessed via various web browsers, allowing researchers to upload photos or audio recordings directly from their mobile devices. Elegancy also contains a meeting arrangement module, audit/revision control, and laboratory supply management system. We believe Elegancy could help the scientific research community gather evidence, share information, reorganize knowledge, and digitize laboratory works with greater ease and security.

关键词： Computer science   Ecology   Evolutionary biology  

摘要： Openly available community science digital vouchers provide a wealth of data to study phenotypic change across space and time. However, extracting phenotypic data from these resources requires significant human effort. Here, we demonstrate a workflow and computer vision model for automatically categorizing species color pattern from community science images. Our work is focused on documenting the striped/unstriped color polymorphism in the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus). We used an ensemble convolutional neural network model to analyze this polymorphism in 20,318 iNaturalist images. Our model was highly accurate (similar to 98%) despite image heterogeneity. We used the resulting annotations to document extensive niche overlap between morphs, but wider niche breadth for striped morphs at the range-wide scale. Our work showcases key design principles for using machine learning with heterogeneous community science image data to address questions at an unprecedented scale.

关键词： Computational biology and bioinformatics   Computer science   Genomics  

摘要： Powerful ‘grammar’ allows geneticists to display their data in interactive and scalable illustrations.

摘要： In the current hype about Legal Tech, one has to bear in mind that it is only the latest in a long line of forms of collaboration between law and computer or information science. This paper reviews the long history of research at the intersection of law and computer science, with a focus on German-language Legal Informatics. It aims to identify some of the key paradigms, insights, and findings from more than seven decades. It argues that they can still help today in describing, explaining as well as shaping the interrelationship between law and automated information processing, i.e., the conditions, applications, and implications of the use of computers in law and society. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： BERT   Multiple choice questions   Natural language processing   Text analysis   TF-IDF  

摘要： Students require continuous feedback for effective learning. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are extensively used among various assessment methods to provide such feedback. However, manual MCQ generation is a tedious task that requires significant effort, time, and domain knowledge. Therefore, a system must be present that can automatically generate MCQs from the given text. The automatic generation of MCQs can be carried out by following three sequential steps: extracting informative sentences from the textual data, identifying the key, and determining distractors. The dataset comprising of various topics from the 9th and 11th-grade computer science course books are used in this work. Moreover, TF-IDF, Jaccard similarity, quality phrase mining, K-means, and bidirectional encoder representation from transformers techniques are utilized for automatic MCQs generation. Domain experts validated the generated MCQs with 83%, 77%, and 80% accuracy, key generation, and distractor generation, respectively. The overall MCQ generation achieved 80% accuracy through this system by the experts. Finally, a desktop app was developed that takes the contents in textual form as input, processes it at the backend, and visualizes the generated MCQs on the interface. The presented solution may help teachers, students, and other stakeholders with automatic MCQ generation.

摘要： Under the dual influence of environmental pollution and ecological damage, the green principles of civil law and environmental law can be better coordinated and developed. In the past, environmental pollution and ecological damage in the author's country were very serious. Hence, they designed and experimented with data extraction technology and environmental big data sets. A distribution model investigates it. Experiments show the following: (1) The system is developed from big data and can fully reflect the ecological environment of all parts of the country. Finally, it is concluded that the author's country's environmental pollution and ecological damage are very serious. (2) According to the experimental data of the figures and tables, it is concluded that the cooperation and coordination relationship between the green principles of civil law and environmental law not only has a protective effect on the ecological environment but also increases the economy of society and people. With the continuous updating and coordination of environmental laws and green prototypes, the author's country's environmental pollutants are significantly declining. The author believes that in the future, the country's ecological environment will become better, and the green principles of civil law will be more closely related to environmental law. The country's environmental pollution and people's lives are becoming more closely related. To better solve environmental problems, we have introduced the green principles of civil law and environmental law. It makes people's quality of life and the economy better. The main significance of the study is to use the method with the least damage to the environment to obtain the maximum economic benefit to achieve long-term sustainable development.

关键词： Students  

摘要： Embedding ethics modules within computer science courses has become a popular response to the growing recognition that CS programs need to better equip their students to navigate the ethical dimensions of computing technologies like AI, machine learning, and big data analytics. However, the popularity of this approach has outpaced the evidence of its positive outcomes. To help close that gap, this empirical study reports positive results from Northeastern University’s program that embeds values analysis modules into CS courses. The resulting data suggest that such modules have a positive effect on students’ moral attitudes and that students leave the modules believing they are more prepared to navigate the ethical dimensions they will likely face in their eventual careers. Importantly, these gains were accomplished at an institution without a philosophy doctoral program, suggesting this strategy can be effectively employed by a wider range of institutions than many have thought. © 2022, CC BY.