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关键词： 智能化建筑   计算机科学   计算机技术应用  

摘要： 建筑行业是我国经济发展中的重要支柱,也是我国重要的民生产业,直接关系到社会群众的生产生活和切身利益。因此,将先进的智能化科学技术,有效融入智能化建筑领域中,能够促进建筑行业的转型和升级,能够让建筑企业跟随社会和时代发展的步伐,逐渐向智能化和专业化方向发展,形成智能化建筑,更好地满足社会群众多元化的需求,提高社会群众的满意度。

关键词： Computational thinking in education   Constructivism   Computer science  

摘要： As computers have become commonplace in everyday life, educators have begun to shift focus from working with computers (computer literacy) to thinking with computers (computational thinking). This article describes the progression of computational thinking (CT) from a historical perspective. This paper will first review the early stages of CT in the mid-1900s, along with its evolution over the succeeding decades. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of proposed educational benefits, along with implications for future learning.

关键词： Bell's palsy   idiopathic facial paralysis   facial palsy   machine learning   grading systems   automated grading   artificial intelligence  

摘要： Background: Reliable, time- and cost-effective, and clinician-friendly diagnostic tools are cornerstones in facial palsy (FP) patient management. Different automated FP grading systems have been developed but revealed persisting downsides such as insufficient accuracy and cost-intensive hardware. We aimed to overcome these barriers and programmed an automated grading system for FP patients utilizing the House and Brackmann scale (HBS). Methods: Image datasets of 86 patients seen at the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery at the University Hospital Regensburg, Germany, between June 2017 and May 2021, were used to train the neural network and evaluate its accuracy. Nine facial poses per patient were analyzed by the algorithm. Results: The algorithm showed an accuracy of 100%. Oversampling did not result in altered outcomes, while the direct form displayed superior accuracy levels when compared to the modular classification form (n = 86;100% vs. 99%). The Early Fusion technique was linked to improved accuracy outcomes in comparison to the Late Fusion and sequential method (n = 86;100% vs. 96% vs. 97%). Conclusions: Our automated FP grading system combines high-level accuracy with cost- and time-effectiveness. Our algorithm may accelerate the grading process in FP patients and facilitate the FP surgeon's workflow.

摘要： The launch of a Computer Science curriculum specification in upper secondary schools in Ireland in 2018 was a landmark and a historic development in Irish education. Addressing the historical policy decisions adopted towards establishing the specification, this paper presents an analysis of developments from the 1970s as revealed in key policies and other documents. Positioning the policy change within the context of influences, context of policy text production and within the context of practices, the paper presents an overview of the Irish Computer Science specification. Alongside the background to the evolution in computer science education over the period, the article takes into account the national and cultural contexts and narrates the journey travelled to arrive at this pivotal position. Developments in a global context are presented in comparison with curricula in other countries and some similarities and differences identified. The article uncovers consequences of the specification for the national curriculum, key skills integration and computer science teacher preparation. The article provides an important analysis of the policy trajectory of computer science in Ireland based on a visibly relevant corpus of documents tracing the different stages of this policy and comparing it to similar experiences implemented in other European countries.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks   Protocols   Energy consumption   Routing   Performance evaluation   Internet of Things   Computer science   Control message overhead   communication protocol   energy management   software-defined wireless sensor network (SDWSN)   wireless sensor networks (WSN)  

摘要： The rise of the Internet of Things has facilitated the growth of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). WSN has many challenges concerning network and management. It is discovered that Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SDWSNs) could simplify WSN configuration, routing, and management. However, for obtaining a thorough view of the underlying topology, SDWSN causes many control messages to be exchanged. This consequently depletes the energy of nodes. Wherefore, solving the energy challenges of SDWSN is imperative, before they could be successfully implemented. Realizing this, we propose an architecture that adopts the control message quenching technique in the data layer devices. Based on the proposed architecture, we propose a communication protocol, Control Message Quenching-based SDWSN (CMQ-SDWSN) that facilitates a minimal exchange of control messages between the infrastructure layer and the control layer by placing entry loggers in the data layer. Furthermore, we formulated an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem in the control layer which enables better partitioning and distribution of rules. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture and the communication protocol reduce the control message overhead by 33.66% on average and minimize the energy consumption of nodes by 33.51% on average when compared to its counterparts.

关键词： breast cancer   women   virtual reality   smartphone apps   pain   anxiety   depression   quality of life   upper extremity   meta-analysis  

摘要： Simple Summary The development of digital and virtual devices for therapeutic purposes has been widely studied in recent years. There is a growing scientific interest in analyzing the effects of digital and interactive health interventions (DIHIs) in the management of different neurological and musculoskeletal pathologies, as well as breast cancer (BC). DIHIs include the use of a wide variety of virtual reality devices, as well as smartphone apps and games, to reduce the impact of BC signs and symptoms on women. In the present review, we assessed the effect of DIHIs, in comparison to conventional interventions or usual care, on improving the motor control and function of the upper extremities affected by lymphedema after BC surgery, including pain, anxiety, depression, and different dimensions of quality of life. In addition, we investigated which type of DIHI was more useful for women with BC: virtual reality devices or smartphone apps. Digital and interactive health interventions (DIHIs), such as virtual-reality-based therapy (VRBT) and smartphone-app-based therapy (SABT), may be useful for reducing the impact of the signs and symptoms of breast cancer (BC) in women. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect of DIHIs on improving pain, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL), and upper extremity (UE) disability-related lymphedema in women with BC. Methods: We searched PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and SciELO for the period ending February 2022. We included studies that assessed the effect of DIHIs on UE motor disability, pain, anxiety, depression, and QoL in women with BC. The effect size was calculated using Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Twenty studies providing data from 1613 women with BC were included. With respect to UE disability, DIHIs increased flexion (SMD, 1.92;95%CI: -1.16, 2.68), abduction (SMD, 1.66;95%CI: 0.91, 2.42), ex

关键词： Computer science education   Professional development   Teacher learning  

摘要： As the field of computer science (CS) is gaining increased attention, the need for qualified teachers is rapidly growing. Yet little is still known about the design features, implementation, and outcomes of professional development programs in computing. The purpose of this study is threefold: (a) examine a CS professional development program built around high-quality design features reported in the research literature, (b) investigate the impact of the program on participating teachers' learning and classroom practice, and (c) identify specific design features that facilitated changes in teacher learning and practice. The study employed a mixed-methods design. Data were collected from multiple sources including, pre and post survey data on teacher knowledge of CS content, pedagogy, and technology (N = 94), as well as interviews and classroom implementation data from eight case study participants. Findings from this work indicated that participants reported improvements in their knowledge of CS content, pedagogy, and technology. They also applied new learning into their practice, though implementation varied among participants. Responding on the value of the professional development design features, teachers noted the importance of focusing on CS content knowledge as well as opportunities to engage with pedagogical practices for teaching computing. Findings also indicated the important role of contextualized follow-up classroom support in the implementation of new learning into practice. These findings have implications for the design of professional development programs grounded in best practices with the potential to support broad efforts intended to prepare teachers with the knowledge and skills needed to deliver CS education.

关键词： Computer science   Alan turing   Modern computer   Turing machine   Artificial intelligence  

摘要： In recent decades, there has been a proliferation among the scientific community of works that focus on Alan Turing's contributions to the design and development of the modern computer. However, there are significant discrepancies among these studies, to such a point that some of them cast serious doubts on Alan Turing's work with respect to today's computer, and there are others that staunchly defend his leading role, as well as other studies that set out more well-balanced opinions. Faced with this situation, the aim of this paper is to analyse the evidence existing today in order to be able to draw a conclusion about whether or not Turing anticipated the trivialisation of the modern computer memory and, likewise, if his universal a-machine is the precursor of the general-purpose computer so omnipresent today. As a result of our research, the authors conclude that Turing did indeed play a leading role in the appearance of the modern computer, although he was not the only one or the first in the field of Computing Science, albeit he was the most influential, both in scope and in depth.

关键词： Machine learning algorithms   Optimization   Computational modeling   Computer science   User experience   Mobile applications   Collaboration   Green communication and networking   connected and autonomous vehicles   APPs recommendation   machine learning   optimization algorithm  

摘要： With the rapid development of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), a large number of mobile and edge applications (APPs) have been developed and deployed through green communication and networking technology. The problem of high energy consumption during APPs usage becomes serious and in this paper, we propose to optimize energy usage through effective APPs recommendation. Traditional recommendation methods have been developed for years, such as collaborative filtering and latent factor models. But those methods are not designed for APPs recommendation and only focus on the use of historical records. We find that there are hidden relationships in the content and context of APPs in green communication and networking. In this paper, we develop a holistic APPs recommendation framework for CAVs in green communication and networking. The developed framework is driven by machine learning, where we propose two joint matrix factorization models and hidden relationship mining method. The machine learning-driven models can leverage the neglected information and learn latent features in APPs recommendation for CAVs. We used a real-word mobile and edge APPs dataset, performed sufficient experiments and compared our framework with well-known methods. Experimental results show that our framework produces the best performance in all test cases.