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关键词： capital punishment   Decalogue   incarceration   murder   pedagogy   Ten Commandments  

摘要： Teaching the legal materials in the Old Testament, particularly the Ten Commandments, within the context of seminary classrooms or local congregations can often become overly abstract and philosophical. I found this to be the case within my own teaching context until I began teaching in a Certificate of Theological Studies program at a state prison for women. Not only were some of the women in the program serving sentences for crimes of murder or manslaughter, one of the past graduates of the program, Kelly Gissendaner, was executed by the State of Georgia on September 30, 2015. Five days before her first scheduled date for execution, the class I was teaching discussed the implications of the sixth commandment, "you shall not murder." Teaching this commandment within a classroom context in which one of their peers was facing capital punishment forever transformed the way I teach the decalogue and this commandment in particular. The experience serves as a constant reminder of the responsibility theological educators and ministers have when teaching and interpreting scripture with those within our sphere of influence.

关键词： Nonvolatile memory   Task analysis   Computational modeling   Neural networks   Computer science   Runtime   Information filters   Battery-less devices   deep neural networks (DNNs)   energy harvesting   intermittent systems   stateful neural networks  

摘要： Deep neural network (DNN) inference on intermittently powered battery-less devices has the potential to unlock new possibilities for sustainable and intelligent edge applications. Existing intermittent inference approaches preserve progress information separate from the computed output features during inference. However, we observe that even in highly specialized approaches, the additional overhead incurred for inference progress preservation still accounts for a significant portion of the inference latency. This work proposes the concept of stateful neural networks, which enables a DNN to indicate the inference progress itself. Our runtime middleware embeds state information into the DNN such that the computed and preserved output features intrinsically contain progress indicators, avoiding the need to preserve them separately. The specific position and representation of the embedded states jointly ensure both output features and states are not corrupted while maintaining model accuracy, and the embedded states allow the latest output feature to be determined, enabling correct inference recovery upon power resumption. Evaluations were conducted on different Texas Instruments devices under varied intermittent power strengths and network models. Compared to the state-of-the-art, our approach can speed up intermittent inference by 1.3 to 5 times, achieving higher performance when executing modern convolutional networks with weaker power.

关键词： Vehicles   Sensors   Sorting   Prototypes   Computer science   Autonomous vehicles   System analysis and design   Cooperative perception   informativeness   augmented reality   sorting  

摘要： Connected vehicles, whether equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems or fully autonomous, require human driver supervision and are currently constrained to visual information in their line-of-sight. A cooperative perception system among vehicles increases their situational awareness by extending their perception range. Existing solutions focus on improving perspective transformation and fast information collection. However, such solutions fail to filter out large amounts of less relevant data and thus impose significant network and computation load. Moreover, presenting all this less relevant data can overwhelm the driver and thus actually hinder them. To address such issues, we present Augmented Informative Cooperative Perception (AICP), the first fast-filtering system which optimizes the informativeness of shared data at vehicles to improve the fused presentation. To this end, an informativeness maximization problem is presented for vehicles to select a subset of data to display to their drivers. Specifically, we propose (i) a dedicated system design with custom data structure and lightweight routing protocol for convenient data encapsulation, fast interpretation and transmission, and (ii) a comprehensive problem formulation and efficient fitness-based sorting algorithm to select the most valuable data to display at the application layer. We implement a proof-of-concept prototype of AICP with a bandwidth-hungry, latency-constrained real-life augmented reality application. The prototype adds only 12.6 milliseconds of latency to a current informativeness-unaware system. Next, we test the networking performance of AICP at scale and show that AICP effectively filters out less relevant packets and decreases the channel busy time.

关键词： Proteins   Amino acids   Three-dimensional displays   Computer science   Biology   Support vector machines   Roads   B-factors   bioinformatic algorithms   protein classification   protein structures   structural similarities  

摘要： Considerable sequence data are produced in genome annotation projects that relate to molecular levels, structural similarities, and molecular and biological functions. In structural genomics, the most essential task involves resolving protein structures efficiently with hardware or software, understanding these structures, and assigning their biological functions. Understanding the characteristics and functions of proteins enables the exploration of the molecular mechanisms of life. In this paper, we examine the problems of protein classification. Because they perform similar biological functions, proteins in the same family usually share similar structural characteristics. We employed this premise in designing a classification algorithm. In this algorithm, auxiliary graphs are used to represent proteins, with every amino acid in a protein to a vertex in a graph. Moreover, the links between amino acids correspond to the edges between the vertices. The proposed algorithm classifies proteins according to the similarities in their graphical structures. The proposed algorithm is efficient and accurate in distinguishing proteins from different families and outperformed related algorithms experimentally.

关键词： Computer science   Knowledge engineering   Algorithms   Microscopy   Media   Fluorescence   Linguistics  

摘要： FluoRender is a software program used for the visualization and analysis of 3-D biological image data, particularly from fluorescence microscopy. We examine FluoRender's script system to demonstrate its translation process. In this article, we borrow the concept of lingua franca from linguistics. We designed a connecting language between the source and target domains for translation, thereby augmenting understanding and acceptance. In FluoRender's script system, the lingua franca consists of the mapping between the control of the media player and the computational and interactive subroutines of an analysis workflow. Workflows supporting automatic, semiautomatic, and manual operations were made available and easily accessible to end users. The formalization of the lingua franca as a technique for translational computer science provides guidance for future development.

关键词： Programming profession   Encoding   Videos   Syntactics   Problem-solving   Education   Codes   Computer science   computer-based instruction   learning environment   live coding   observational learning   programming instruction   reflection   video-based learning  

摘要： Contribution: Programming is a complex cognitive activity that involves both conceptual understanding and procedural skills, which is challenging for novices. To develop both program comprehension and implementation competency, this study proposed a live-coding-based instruction. Experts' live coding with think-aloud was recorded. Students then learn algorithmic planning and coding skills by observing experts' thinking and coding processes from the videos. To deploy this pedagogical strategy, a learning platform was developed to present the videos to students who could also annotate their reflection about the videos in the system to deepen their understanding of syntax and concepts of computer programming. Background: Traditional lecture-based programming instruction focuses more on the explanation of syntax and concepts but lacks revealing the dynamic and nonlinear thinking and coding process. Research Questions: This study is to explore the effects of live-coding-based instruction on students' programming knowledge, including declarative program knowledge (program comprehension) and procedural program knowledge (coding skills), and whether the instruction changes their attitude toward programming learning or not. Methodology: An empirical study was conducted with 33 high-school students who were novice programmers in one semester to explore the effectiveness of the live-coding-based instruction and the use of the learning platform. Findings: The experiment results show that watching flowcharting (r=0.369, p <0.05) or coding processes (r=0.409, p <0.05) of experts improves coding skills. This implies that explicit depiction of algorithmic planning and coding processes are essential for building procedural programming knowledge. In addition, reflection on syntactic content of experts' programming plays an important role in programming (r=0.511,p <0.01). The research findings suggest that programming instruction could focus more on developing students' problem-solvin

关键词： Proteins   Kernel   Feature extraction   Task analysis   Sparse matrices   Protein sequence   Computer science   Remote homology detection   classification method   network method   learning to rank  

摘要： Protein remote homology detection is one of fundamental research tasks for downstream analysis (i.e., protein structure and function prediction). Many advanced methods are proposed from different views with complementary detection ability, such as the classification method, the network method, and the ranking method. A framework integrating these heterogeneous methods is urgently desired to reduce the false positive rate and predictive bias. We propose a novel ranking method called ProtRe-CN by fusing the classification methods and network methods via Learning to Rank. Experimental results on the benchmark dataset and the independent dataset show that ProtRe-CN outperforms other existing state-of-the-art predictors. ProtRe-CN improves the detective performance via correcting the false positives in the ranking list by combining the heterogeneous methods. The web server of ProtReCN can be accessed at http://***/ProtRe-CN.

关键词： Event detection   Social media   Computer science   Data flow analysis   Computer interface human factors  

摘要： Online social network such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram are increasingly becoming the go -to medium for users to acquire information and discuss what is happening globally. Understanding real-time conversations with masses on social media platforms can provide rich insights into events, provided that there is a way to detect and characterise events. To this end, in the past twenty years, many researchers have been developing event detection methods based on the data collected from various social media platforms. The developed methods for discovering events are generally modular in design and novel in scale and speed. To review the research in this field, we line up existing works for event detection in online social networks and organise them to provide a comprehensive and in-depth survey. This survey comprises three major parts: research methodologies, the review of state-of-the-art literature and the evolution of significant challenges. Each part is supposed to attract readers with different motivations and expectations on the 'things' delivered in this survey. For example, the methodologies provide the life-cycle to design new event detection models, from data collection to model evaluations. A timeline and a taxonomy of existing methods are also introduced to elaborate the development of various technologies under the umbrella of event detection. These two parts benefit those with a background in event detection and want to commit a deep exploration of existing models such as discussing their pros and cons alike. The third part shows the development of the major open issues in this field. It also indicates the milestones of each challenge in terms of typical models. Our survey can contribute to the community by highlighting possible new problem statements and opening new research directions.

关键词： Oil palm frond   Ethanol   Acetic acid   Simultaneous fermentation   Antifungal agent   Black seed rot disease  

摘要： With the enormous amount of oil palm frond (OPF) left unused in an oil palm plantation, this study proposed to develop the process for ethanol and acetic acid production from OPF juice (pH 4.83) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5055 and Acetobacter aceti at room temperature (30 +/- 2 degrees C) for 72 h. Among three different fermentation modes tested, single- and two-stage fermentation produced only ethanol, while simultaneous fermentation exhibited both ethanol and acetic acid production. The yields of 0.39 g ethanol/g glucose and 0.88 g acetic acid/g ethanol were achieved with 76% and 68% of the theoretical yields. Simultaneous fermentation of OPF juice under different shaking speeds and aeration rates revealed no shaking (static) and no aeration were the optimum conditions for ethanol production (19.59 g/L). Shaking at 180 rpm and aeration at 0.5-1.0 vvm exhibited the highest acetic acid production with yields of 0.95-1.16 g acetic acid/g ethanol (73-89 % of the theoretical yields). In addition, the aeration rate had a profound effect on acetic acid production rate with 9.0-fold increase as the aeration rate increased from 0 to 0.5 vvm. The culture filtrate from acetic acid production was analyzed to contain 15 compounds that could be chemically grouped into alcohols, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanes, with acetic acid as the most abundant (54.6%). Interestingly, the culture filtrate had the efficacy to suppress the growth of Ceratocystis paradoxa TT1, causing black seed rot disease in oil palm with the effective dose (100% inhibition) at 0.20% and 0.50% (v/v) acetic acid in liquid and solid culture, respectively. Therefore, OPF juice without nutrient supplementation could be used as an alternative fermentation medium for ethanol and acetic acid production with high potential exploitation of the acetic acid culture filtrate as an antifungal agent against black seed rot disease.

关键词： AP Computer Science   gender disparities   Advanced Placement   advanced academics   excellence gaps   top achievement  

摘要： Using the test scores of more than 1,000,000 students who participated in the Advanced Placement Computer Science (AP CS) exams from 1997 to 2020, this study examined the direction and magnitude of the trends in gender disparity in participation and top achievement in advanced exams. The findings indicated that the male-to-female ratio (MFR) among AP Computer Science (CS) exam participants declined from 4.87 to 2.26 between 1997 and 2020. Similarly, the MFR among top scorers (students who scored 5 out of 5) in any type of AP CS exams declined rapidly, in favor of female students, from 8.00 to 2.14 during the same period. Possible implications of these findings for educators, particularly for AP CS teachers and school counselors, were also discussed in the context of the underrepresentation of females in computing fields.