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关键词： Culture breed cow   Anatolian Black   herd life   productive life   calving age  

摘要： In this study, it was aimed to evaluate some breeding parameters and herd life of some cattle breeds raised at the research institute conditions. This study was carried out on Holstein Friesian (HF, n=74), Brown-Swiss (BS, n=75), Simmental (SIM, n=34), and Anatolian Black (AB, n=41) cattle born between 2005-2021 in Lalahan Internationa Center for Livestock Research and Training in Ankara, Turkiye. The characteristics of these animals such as herd participation, calving rate, calving age, lifespan, breeding time and herd life were investigated. During this period, 195 of the 224 animals that left the herd in the farm reached breeding age, and 143 of these animals gave birth. First calving ages of HF, BS, SIM and AB cows were 948 days, 1104 days, 988 days and 1169 days, respectively. The average number of calves per cow in the farm was determined as 2.29, 2.31, 3.04 and 4.50, respectively (P=0.007). Of the 224 animals, 38.9% were voluntary and 61.9% were compulsorily left from the herd. Herd life was determined as 1419 days, 1641 days, 1690 days and 2241 days (P=0.001), while productive life was determined as 788 days, 957 days, 1121 days and 2057 days (P=0.001) in HF, BS, SIM and AB cows respectively. Productive life was found to be 947 days in cultured cows calving before 912 days (30 months) and 2197 days in Anatolian Black. The negative correlation between age at first calving and productive life in culture breeds demonstrates the importance of giving birth to animals before 912 days of age. It is thought that the higher values of locally adapted AB cattle breed in terms of herd life and reproduction data are because of less reproductive and metabolic problems due to their low yield characteristics.

关键词： academic integrity   cheating   computer science   education at scale   plagiarism   workflow  

摘要： Background Plagiarism is a very serious offence in academic institutions. Yet there is some reluctance to address plagiarism by educators as its enforcement can require a significant time commitment if not handled wisely. Handling plagiarism at scale has the potential to exacerbate this problem. Objectives This article explores the challenges educators face when it comes to enforcing plagiarism from within the course environment, presents a solution that addresses these challenges, and provides guidelines for preventing and detecting plagiarism in our at-scale courses. Methods A workflow is shared which was created from our experience of handling plagiarism within our large online computer science graduate level program. We present an empirical study of this workflow that shows the overall prevalence of misconduct. Results and Conclusions Results demonstrate this workflow being effectively and efficiently applied to address plagiarism across four courses and three semesters by a single individual working half time. We have observed that warnings on low-stakes assignments can be very effective at deterring future misconduct. We have also observed that cases come to a quicker resolution when students readily acknowledge their own misconduct after being promptly notified. Takeaways from the study Plagiarism should not only be managed through institution wide policies, but also through effective strategies implemented in the course environment. This is particularly important when handling plagiarism at scale. Addressing plagiarism starts in the course and therefore effective strategies for handling it there are needed.

摘要： Dieser Artikel ist der erste einer Viererreihe, die eine Diskussion über die Grundlagen der Informatik anregen soll. Dabei steht das Begriffsnetzwerk, das den Kern der Informatik ausmacht, im Zentrum. Dieses Begriffsnetzwerk steht in dem Spannungsfeld, zum einen weitgehend in unserem alltagssprachlichen Verständnis verankert zu sein, aber zum anderen mittels des spezifischen informatischen Ansatzes, sich auf das Unterscheidbare zu fokussieren, auch auf genuin informatischen Konzepten aufzubauen. In diesem ersten Teil wird die Informatik als eine Theorie der Interaktion vorgestellt und als ihre zentralen Begriffe werden die Zustandsfunktion, das System, die Unterscheidbarkeit und damit die Information, die Berechenbarkeit sowie eine ganze Reihe mathematischer Konzepte eingeführt, allen voran das der Relation, der Funktion, der mathematischen Struktur, der Äquivalenz und der Komposition. Der grundlegende Bezug zum Informationskonzept als Abstraktion vom Ununterscheidbaren macht die Informatik zu einer Strukturwissenschaft und bindet damit die Klarheit ihrer Begrifflichkeit letztlich an deren Bezug zur Mathematik. Drei wichtige Konsequenzen werden aufgeführt. Erstens gibt es keine zwei verschiedenen Welten der Informatik und der Physik, die auf geheimnisvolle Weise „wechselwirken“. Sondern: Es gibt nur eine Welt, die wir unterschiedlich beschreiben. Zweitens lässt sich mit Klärung der Frage, was aus Sicht der Informatik eigentlich zwischen Systemen, die über Signale miteinander kommunizieren, „transportiert“ wird – nämlich die Information – auch feststellen, was insbesondere nicht transportiert wird – nämlich irgendeine Bedeutung. Und drittens ergibt sich ein gewisser „virtueller“ Charakter rein informatisch beschreibbarer Systeme, der dort endet, wo die Abstraktion, dass die Struktur von Systemen in der Interaktion invariant bleibt und es allein auf die Unterscheidbarkeit ankommt, ihre Gültigkeit verliert.

关键词： Open educational resources   Computer science   Student perceptions   Student motivation to learn   Textbook quality   COVID-19  

摘要： The use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in course settings provides a solution to reduce the textbook barrier. Several published studies have concluded that high textbook costs may influence students' educational choices. However, there are other student characteristics that may be relevant to OER. In this work, we study various factors that may influence students' educational choices regarding OER and their impact on a student's perspectives on OER use and quality. More specifically, we investigate whether there are significant differences in the frequency of use and perceived quality of the OER textbook based on gender, prior academic achievements, income, seniority, sentiment about online format, and motivation to learn. Our study involved students enrolled in the "Data Structures" course at Columbus State University (N=61) and analyzed students' feedback before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide insights that can inform the decision of adopting OER in higher education settings. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between most of the students' characteristics and the perception of the quality and use of the OER textbook. However, two student characteristics presented significant differences. Students who used the OER textbook more frequently were more likely to have a less positive attitude towards the online format of the textbook. Also, students with higher motivation to learn perceived it as a better resource than the traditional textbook compared to students with lower motivation to learn.

关键词： Comment sections   capital punishment   law and pain   medical assistance in dying   punishment  

摘要： Prisoners in Canadian federal penitentiaries can obtain medical assistance in dying (MAiD). This raises questions about the nature and legitimacy of pain and death in incarceration. The authors analyze responses to a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation online news article discussing the provision of MAiD to prisoners. The comments exemplify different sensibilities about the state's lethality with respect to prisoners. These sensibilities-both legal and penal-draw on an array of cultural referents to orient to prisoners' deaths generally, but also MAiD specifically. The authors explore how certain referents factor in these legal and penal sensibilities and appear to mediate commenters' judgements. For example, capital punishment factors significantly in conversations about MAiD for prisoners, as well as imaginations of prisoners' bodies in pain. As a result, there is a spectacularization of prisoners' carceral death, despite the humane, "civilized" death MAiD provides, which circumscribes how some commenters imagine the procedure and prisoners' deaths.

摘要： Der tertiäre Bildungssektor im deutschsprachigen Raum fächert sich zunehmend auf. Das gilt für die Typen von Hochschulen wie auch für die Professuren. Dazu kommen neue technische Möglichkeiten für Fernunterricht per Internet. In der Kombination ergeben sich eine nicht einfach zu ordnende Vielfalt und Unübersichtlichkeit, aber auch Elemente eines fruchtbaren Wettbewerbs. Die Informatik und ihre Anwendungsfächer, wegen ihrer Marktnähe vor allem die Wirtschaftsinformatik, sind einerseits Gegenstand der Aus- und Weiterbildung, auch weil ihre dynamische Weiterentwicklung in Grundlagen und Anwendungen vielfältiges neues Wissen, Technologien und Techniken hervorbringt, die verbreitet werden müssen. Andererseits sind sie auch bildungsökonomisches Werkzeug, um die Effizienz der Aus- und Weiterbildungsprozesse zu steigern. Beispielsweise können sie mit ihren Forschungsergebnissen zur Personalisierung und Benutzermodellierung die Didaktik der Online-Kurse verfeinern oder Techniken zur Verhinderung von Betrug bei Online-Prüfungen entwickeln. Durch neue, gut durchdachte Arbeitsteilung und marktwirtschaftliche Konkurrenz ebenso wie Kooperation – vergleichbar mit Güter- und Dienstleistungsmärkten – könnten auch in der Ausbildung und in der Weiterbildung Effizienz- und Kostenvorteile für die beteiligten Institutionen, Lehrenden und Lernenden entstehen. Wegen der wahrscheinlich in den nächsten Dekaden noch stärker als gegenwärtig schon eintretenden Sparzwänge und Fachkräfteengpässe sind einschlägige Überlegungen, Ausarbeitung von Szenarien und Pilotversuche zu empfehlen. Allerdings müsste ein „optimaler Koordinierungsgrad“ angestrebt werden. In Anbetracht der föderalen Struktur des Bildungswesens in Deutschland und der Gefahr, dass eine bürokratielastige europaweite Vereinheitlichung gefordert wird, wäre dies eine sehr anspruchsvolle Aufgabe.

关键词： Counter-science   Counter-knowledge   Science policy   Computer science   West-Berlin  

摘要： Launched in 1982, the so-called Berliner Wissenschaftsladen e. V. (WILAB) belonged to the scattered West-German ventures in "counter-science". This article situates the origins of the "Laden" (similar to workshop)-an "alternative" spin-off of sorts, spawned from the Technical University of Berlin-in the context of contemporary advances in regional science policy. In this connection, the ailing, de-industrializing "island city" arguably even played a certain pioneering role: elements of its multipronged "innovation offensive", which peaked in the early-to-mid 1980s, were visible beyond city limits, including the trade show BIG TECH and, notably, the Berlin Center for Innovation and New Enterprises (BIG), the FRG's first start-up "incubator", which opened in 1983. In other words, politically-minded scientists in tendency now had to deal with conditions that were less and less conducive to dreams of a "socially engaged" and "non-alienated" (counter-)science. Indeed, while hardly opposed to the new gospel of innovation, it's not surprising that ventures such as WILAB, committed as they were to the production of "socially useful" science, found themselves increasingly marginalized. It's as such a marginal venture, my argument goes, that WILAB's prima facie hopeless attempt to initiate a different, more "humane" information technology sheds an instructive light on the emergence of "entrepreneurial" science in the FRG during the 1970s and 1980s.

关键词： street basketball   Black expressivity   Black culture   sports media   racial representation  

摘要： The distinct style of basketball popularly termed "streetball" is inextricably linked to Black bodies, spaces, and forms of expression. Although streetball operates as a Black cultural repertoire constituted in response to historical marginalization, I demonstrate how representations of streetball in mainstream media are underpinned by, and thus reify, harmful racial logics that circulate throughout even purportedly innocuous forms of popular culture in the "colorblind" neoliberal moment. Through a textual analysis of three of the most culturally renowned media representations of streetball-the television showAND1 Mixtape Tour, the video game seriesNBA Street, and the filmUncle Drew-I argue that streetball is depicted as illustrative of the perceived pathological and inferior nature of Blackness;romanticized and divorced from the structural contexts of its production;and materially and symbolically exploited by corporate commercial entities. I conclude by reflecting on how mediated commodification often participates in reproducing, trivializing, and concealing the effects of structural racism and suggest that critical analyses of the politics of popular culture must inform anti-racist objectives.

关键词： User Interface   Interactive Interface   Wheel of Life   Work-Life Balance  

摘要： The term work-life balance can be described as a path to manage stresses and burnouts in the workplace. In this Covid-19 pandemic, work-from-home practice includes both personal and professional spaces as employees, more often, stay digitally connected. As a result, personal life hardly can be separated, which will potentially create imbalanced life, which creates problems regarding physical and mental health of the employees. In such unprecedented situations, we are required to maintain and/or integrate balanced work-life. A balanced work-life gives employees a stress-free environment to work and improves employees' mental and physical health conditions and relationships. In this study, we focus on maintaining a proper work-life balance through a monitoring tool, the 'Wheel of Life.' Considering the drastic changes in work culture (due to Covid-19, for example), we introduce an interactive interface based on 'Wheel of life' concept. Our interface helps tune various important factors, such as business, creative, social, love and life purpose, and provides multiple recommendations. The purpose of the study is to assist web users to balance their work-life, improve psychological well-being and quality of life in this unforeseen situation.

关键词： ARIMA model   DBSCAN clustering   document index graph   forecasting of computer science   LDA topic model   trend analysis of computer science   trend analysis of Indian research  

摘要： Huge collections of published research documents are available in various repositories in Indian universities and research organizations. The efficient retrieval, estimation of research trends, and identification of research gaps with the global trend in different research areas, can be a great guiding tool for regulating research in the appropriate direction. This research attempts to analyse the trend of research activities carried out by Indian researchers in the discipline of Computer Science from 2010 to 19 and forecast the upcoming research trend for the years 2020-23. A repository of the abstracts based on domains given in the Computer Science Ontology (CSO) published by the Indian researchers is developed from the Scopus database. Document Index Graph document representation model is used to store the repository, shared phrases across the documents are extracted and phrase-based similarity is computed. Combining the Single-term and Phrase-based similarity, the hybrid similarity is generated and similar documents are clustered using the DBSCAN clustering technique. Topics are identified for each cluster using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm and are automatically labelled using CSO. For each topic, the trend analysis and forecasting have been done using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average. For the assessment of the forecasting performance, the dataset from 2010 to 17 is used as a training dataset and 2018-19 as a testing dataset. The average forecasting for the year 2018 for all CSO domains belongs to the Good forecasting category with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) 18.34, and 2019 shows reasonable forecasting with MAPE 30.20 as per the MAPE interpretation given by Lewis. For each topic the average forecasting for years 2018-19 shows either Highly accurate, Good or Reasonable forecasting. As a result, the top four domains for the years 2020-23 are also identified which can help initial researchers in the identification of a relevant