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关键词： capital punishment   Catholics   Pope Francis   public opinion   religion  

摘要： In the United States, Catholics make up more than 50 million members of the adult population, or about one in five Americans. It is unclear whether their religious affiliation shapes Catholics' views on public policy issues, ranging from the legality of abortion to criminal justice practices. Capital punishment is especially salient, given that Pope Francis announced in 2018-as official Catholic Church teaching-that the death penalty is "inadmissible" under all circumstances. Based on two national surveys, the current project explores Catholics' support for state executions before (2017) and after (2019) the Pope's momentous change in the church's Catechism. At present, little evidence exists that Pope Francis's doctrinal reform has impacted Catholics, a majority of whom-like Americans generally-continue to favor the death penalty for murderers. Data from our additional 2020 MTurk survey show that only 17.0% of Catholic respondents could correctly identify the Church's position on capital punishment. Despite these results, Pope Francis's teachings provide Catholic leaders and activists with a compelling rationale for opposing the death penalty and holding Catholic public officials accountable for espousing offenders' execution. Further, for the next generation of Catholics, instruction in the inadmissibility of capital punishment, as part of the Church's consistent ethic of life, will be integral to their religious training.

关键词： Stereotypes   Computer science   Early childhood   Preservice teachers   Mixed methods  

摘要： Stereotypes prevent females and other minorities from pursuing an education and a career in Computer Science (CS). Central to broadening the CS pipeline is identifying and debunking stereotypes about computer scientists, especially stereotypes among those who serve as role models for young children, such as early childhood educators. This mixed methods study examined which CS stereotypes female early childhood preservice teachers hold. Analysis of the data collected from 70 preservice teachers revealed stereotypes about computer scientists' appearance, race/ ethnicity, cognitive skills, and work preferences. Specifically, participants see computer scientists as intelligent and overworked White individuals who wear glasses. Findings also showed participants' counter-stereotypical notions about computer scientists' gender and social skills. Particularly, computer scientists were portrayed as collaborative professionals who could be from either gender. CS has been recurrently described in the literature as a male-dominant field, so findings from this study suggest that females may be starting to see themselves or other females in CS roles. Additionally, the emergence of both stereotypical and counter-stereotypical notions speaks to the fact that different conceptions can be formed based on prior experience and exposure to CS role models. As implications for practice and future research, these findings emphasize the importance of addressing CS stereotypes within teacher education programs, as well as preparing future teachers who can pedagogically design and offer CS education to young children in inclusive ways.

关键词： Adaptation models   Manufacturing   Data models   Adaptive learning   Adaptive systems   Channel estimation   Task analysis   Adaptive learning   cyber physical systems (CPSs)   human-machine interaction (HMI)   incremental learning   industrial IoT   self-supervised learning  

摘要： An adaptive machine learning (ML) based smart manufacturing interactive cyber physical human system (ICPHS) is conceptualized, designed, and implemented. One of its significant properties is an ML model that during deployment self-evolves with the streaming data in a self-labeling manner. This automated adaptive ML system is realized by leveraging the underlying causality during human machine interactions, and initialized by a priori domain knowledge and preprocessed public datasets. The system defines a causal and temporal mapping of worker and machine states where one side can label the other automatically. A case study in machines with different automation levels is conducted in a multiuser facility by using finite state machine representations for machine energy states, worker activity states, and interaction transition functions. The fully automated adaptive ML system improves its accuracy for human machine interaction detection by up to 12.5% and shows potential to recognize more fine-grained actions.

关键词： Image processing  

摘要： Nanotechnology is the aptitude to perceive, measure, operate, and build materials at the nanometer scale, the size of atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology, is involved in many scientific and practical applications, including health, agriculture, electronic devices, computer science and many other fields. At the same time, computers play an essential role in simulating and analyzing the features of nanoparticles. The shrinking of electronic devices in due course will come to end, when the laws of physics avoid us from further diminishing the size of circuits. At any given time, the researchers will not be able to carry on with the current silicon processors, binaries and sequential. One of the most practical ways is to construct computers operating with radical difference: the quantum mechanics. The appearance of quantum computers will include a radical change in the hardware and software that we now know but will permit one to perform calculations that are unconceivable nowadays. Memory is employed as one of the main fragments in diverse circuits design, therefore the design and optimization of random-access memory (RAM) cells have become one of the greatest remarkable investigation regions in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) equipment. In this study, the researchers attempted to provide a systematic review of recent trends in the interaction between computer science and nanotechnology by highlighting two parallel axes, the first axis includes the use of nanotechnology in enhancing computer systems and devices, and the other one includes the role of computer science in promoting nanotechnology. Since the silicon technology is approaching its maximum capacity, which makes it essential to search for novel mechanisms that permit the production of nano-computers. Thus, this study confirms that computational nanotechnology is emerging as an essential engineering analysis tool for new device designs and modern applications. © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： Feature extraction   Data mining   Correlation   Graphics processing units   Decoding   Costs   Computer science   Crowd counting   efficient and lightweight convolution module   scale regression module   regional normalized cross-correlation loss  

摘要： Crowd counting is a task of intelligent applications, and its operation efficiency is very important. However, in order to obtain a better counting performance, most of the existing works often design larger and more complex network structures, which will result in them occupying considerable memory, time and other resources at runtime, seriously limiting their deployment scope and making it difficult to be widely used in practical scenarios. In this paper, in order to overcome the above problems, we propose an effective lightweight encoding-decoding crowd counting network, named Lw-Count. Specifically, in the encoding process, we design an efficient and lightweight convolution module (ELCM), which extracts the crowd features in the network through a refined ghost block to reduce the network parameters and computing cost, and solves the problem of inaccurate counting caused by uneven crowd distribution through spatial group normalization (SGN). In the decoding process, we design a scale regression module (SRM) to reduce the error details and chessboard effect caused by linear interpolation and deconvolution. In addition, we design a new loss function, which enhances the spatial correlation of the density map and the sensitivity of the crowd through a regional normalized cross-correlation loss and counting loss, to ensure the counting accuracy. Extensive experiments on five mainstream datasets demonstrate that Lw-Count achieves an optimal trade-off between counting performance and running speed compared with other methods.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence   Cognitive Science   Computer Science   Computer Vision   Intelligent agents   Computational Cognitive Modeling   Neural Networks  

摘要： The study of human cognition and the study of artificial intelligence (AI) have a symbiotic relationship, with advancements in one field often informing or creating new work in the other. Human cognition has many capabilities modern AI systems cannot compete with. One such capability is the detection, identification, and resolution of knowledge gaps (KGs). Using these capabilities as inspiration, we examine how to incorporate detection, identification, and resolution of KGs in artificial agents. We present a paradigm that enables research on the understanding of KGs for visual-linguistic communication. We leverage and enhance and existing KG taxonomy to identify possible KGs that can occur for visual question answer (VQA) tasks and use these findings to develop a classifier to identify questions that could be engineered to contain specific KG types for other VQA datasets. Additionally, we examine the performance of different VQA models through the lens of KGs.

关键词： Students  

摘要： Computer gameplay and social media are the two most common forms of entertainment in the digital age. Many scholars share the assumption that leisure-time digital consumption is associated with computer science (CS) affinity, but there is a dearth of research evidence for this relationship. Female students generally spend less time on gaming and more time on social media than do male students, so a gender comparison perspective is helpful. Using multinomial logistic regression analysis on a national sample of 10,197 U.S. college students in introductory CS courses, we found that frequent computer gameplay was strongly associated with computer science career interest for both male (N = 7214) and female students (N = 2659). However, increased social media use predicted a higher CS career interest for female students, but a lower interest in male students. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 智能化建筑   计算机科学   计算机技术应用  

摘要： 建筑行业是我国经济发展中的重要支柱,也是我国重要的民生产业,直接关系到社会群众的生产生活和切身利益.因此,将先进的智能化科学技术,有效融入智能化建筑领域中,能够促进建筑行业的转型和升级,能够让建筑企业跟随社会和时代发展的步伐,逐渐向智能化和专业化方向发展,形成智能化建筑,更好地满足社会群众多元化的需求,提高社会群众的满意度.

关键词： Applied optics   Computer science  

摘要： The challenge of high-speed and high-accuracy coherent photonic neurons for deep learning applications lies to solve noise related issues. Here, Mourgias-Alexandris et al. address this problem by introducing a noise-resilient hardware architectural and a deep learning training platform. The explosive growth of deep learning applications has triggered a new era in computing hardware, targeting the efficient deployment of multiply-and-accumulate operations. In this realm, integrated photonics have come to the foreground as a promising energy efficient deep learning technology platform for enabling ultra-high compute rates. However, despite integrated photonic neural network layouts have already penetrated successfully the deep learning era, their compute rate and noise-related characteristics are still far beyond their promise for high-speed photonic engines. Herein, we demonstrate experimentally a noise-resilient deep learning coherent photonic neural network layout that operates at 10GMAC/sec/axon compute rates and follows a noise-resilient training model. The coherent photonic neural network has been fabricated as a silicon photonic chip and its MNIST classification performance was experimentally evaluated to support accuracy values of >99% and >98% at 5 and 10GMAC/sec/axon, respectively, offering 6x higher on-chip compute rates and >7% accuracy improvement over state-of-the-art coherent implementations.

摘要： Background. COPD is a common clinical chronic airway inflammatory disease that occurs mostly in middle-aged and older adults over the age of 40. The incidence of COPD is increasing year by year and the onset of age is gradually becoming younger. Objective. To observe the effect of teach-back combined with king interaction on the life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. A total of 100 COPD patients admitted to our hospital from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022 were retrospectively selected to be divided into 50 cases in the control group and 50 cases in the observation group according to the nursing methods. The control group was treated with routine nursing intervention, while the observation group was treated with teach-back combined with king interactive standard mode intervention. The differences in Self-Care Ability Assessment Scale (ESCA) score, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, Mental State Assessment Scale (MSSNS) score, 6-minute walking distance (6 MWD), and pulmonary function indexes were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. The success rate and patient compliance of each index in the groups were also recorded. Results. After 3 months and 6 months of intervention, the total SGRO score and its factor scores of self-care skills, self-care responsibility, self-concept, health knowledge level in them were all higher than those before the intervention, while the total SGRO score and its factor scores of respiratory symptoms, activity limitation, disease influence, and so on were all decreased compared with those before the intervention. The ESCA score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control one after 3 months and 6 months of intervention, while the SGRQ score was significantly lower than that of the control one, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the total score of MSSNS and the scores of anxiety, depression, loneline