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关键词： Protocols   Security   Vehicle-to-grid   Authentication   Physical unclonable function   Computer science   Smart meters   electric vehicles   physically unclonable functions   scyther   security   vehicle-to-grid  

摘要： Electric vehicle (EV) is a fast-growing technology that could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the energy and transportation sectors. The characteristics of EVs allow for rapid smart city expansion and serve as a key weapon in the emergence of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. The entities, such as EVs and charging stations, connect with one another in order to gather data about the status of the EV and the environment in which it is traveling. The exchange of information among entities in V2G over a public channel may be exposed to security threats. The user's devices are also vulnerable to physical attacks since they are left unprotected at their end. Hence, we suggest a lightweight protocol for key agreement and mutual authentication between entities operating in a V2G environment. Additionally, we assess the proposed scheme using the Scyther tool to conduct formal and informal security analyses in order to demonstrate how effectively it can counteract known security attacks. Finally, the performance study reveals that the suggested protocol provides a communication and computational benefit when compared to relevant protocols.

关键词： Anomaly detection   Clustering algorithms   Data integrity   Data models   Computer science   Biological system modeling   Unsupervised learning   Adamic Adar algorithm   corrupted datasets   outlier detection   probabilistic models   statistical models   unsupervised learning  

摘要： With the advent of technology, data and its analysis are no longer just values and attributes strewn across spreadsheets, they are now seen as a stepping stone to bring about revolution in any significant field. Data corruption can be brought about by a variety of unethical and illegal sources, making it crucial to develop a method that is highly effective to identify and appropriately highlight the various corrupted data existing in the dataset. Detection of corrupted data, as well as recovering data from a corrupted dataset, is a challenging problem. This requires utmost importance and if not addressed at earlier stages may pose problems in later stages of data processing with machine or deep learning algorithms. In the following work we begin by introducing the PAACDA: Proximity based Adamic Adar Corruption Detection Algorithm and consolidating the results whilst particularly accentuating the detection of corrupted data rather than outliers. Current state of the art models, such as Isolation forest, DBSCAN also called "Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise " and others, are reliant on fine-tuning parameters to provide high accuracy and recall, but they also have a significant level of uncertainty when factoring the corrupted data. In the present work, the authors look into the most niche performance issues of several unsupervised learning algorithms for linear and clustered corrupted datasets. Also, a novel PAACDA algorithm is proposed which outperforms other unsupervised learning benchmarks on 15 popular baselines including K-means clustering, Isolation forest and LOF (Local Outlier Factor) with an accuracy of 96.35% for clustered data and 99.04% for linear data. This article also conducts a thorough exploration of the relevant literature from the previously stated perspectives. In this research work, we pinpoint all the shortcomings of the present techniques and draw direction for future work in this field.

关键词： Encryption   Ciphers   Computer security   Streaming media   Chaos   Logistics   Computer science   All order-4 magic squares   chaos   cyber security   decryption   encryption   secret key  

摘要： Plethora of image encryption schemes exist in literature based on the construct of magic square for realizing the purpose of image obfuscation. This magic square carries out the scrambling project of the encryption. In these schemes, normally single and static magic square is implied. To render greater scrambling effects, this study proposes a novel image encryption scheme using all order-4 magic squares whose frequency reaches to the tune of 880. These magic squares have been dynamically selected to carry out the scrambling project. As the color image is input, it is broken into its gray scale red, green and blue components. These components are joined together to make a big gray scale image. Intertwining logistic map (ILM) has been used for the generation of random data. Besides, one more stream has been created through the arithmetic manipulation of the generated three streams. Streams generated by ILM has been used to realize the effects of confusion and diffusion. First and second streams out of the four streams randomly select the address from the big gray scale image to apply the randomly selected magic square by the third stream, in order to create the scrambling effects. The fourth and last stream of random numbers is used to create the diffusion effects in the scrambled image. Plaintext senstivity has been introduced by tempering the one initial value of the chaotic system through the usage of a characteristic of the given input color image. The experimentation and security analyses sections vividly demonstrate the strength, immunity from the diverse attacks and prospects for the real world application of the proposed image cipher. In particular, we got very promising stats of information entropy (7.9974) and computational time (0.9865 seconds). No doubt, they suggest the potential application of the proposed image cipher in some real world setting.

关键词： Computer Science   Engineering & Technology   MathML  

ISBN: (数字)9788770223607 ISBN: (纸本)9788770223614

摘要： Lectures on Digital Design Principles provides students an accessible reference for engaging with the building blocks of digital logic design. The book is an aggregation of lectures for an introductory course and provides a conversational style to better engage with students. Since the text is developed from lectures, important and foundational concepts are highlighted without tedious proofs. With respect to subject matter, students are introduced to different methods of abstracting digital systems, along with the strengths and weaknesses of these different methods. For example, Boolean logic can be represented as algebraic equations, gate level diagrams, switching circuits, truth tables, etc. Strengths and drawbacks to these representations are discussed in the context of Boolean minimization and electronic design automation. The text also delves into dynamic behavior of digital circuits with respect to timing in combinational circuits and state transitions in sequential circuits.

关键词： Computer Science   Mathematics \u0026 Statistics  

ISBN: (数字)9788770228763 ISBN: (纸本)9788770228411

摘要： This book explores quantum computing as a transformative technology and its applications in cryptography, teleportation, IoT, AI, and Blockchain, and the futurist concept of quantum internet. It explains the fundamentals of quantum computing and how it’s different from classic computing, also the challenges facing quantum computing will be discussed, in addition to types of quantum computing, will be introduced and explained. The concept and types of Qubit and its implications on quantum computing applications will be explained.

关键词： Augmented reality   Computer science   merge cube   mobile learning  

摘要： Due to the massive popularity of smartphones among people of all ages, Augmented Reality is becoming a commonly available technology for which we do not need to have special equipment, just an ordinary cheap smartphone with a camera. In this paper, we will deal with the use of Augmented Reality in education through the popular Merge cube, which has been enjoying increasing popularity in the educational process since 2017. In our article, we focus on the comparison of existing applications with the support of the Merge cube and the possibilities of it's use in education. We pay the main attention to the creation of our own educational application, which consists of five independent parts (three educational parts, like the solar system, world monuments, and marine animals, and two entertainment parts with the possibility of setting the difficulty, respectively-game type, like Pexeso and the 3D Labyrinth). Application development was carried out in the Unity 3D environment for mobile operating system Android. The application is mainly intended for hospitalized children, but it was tested due to pandemic restrictions among 134 children in regular primary and secondary schools. The main advantage of our application compared to other applications is that it is free, contains several educational areas and also that we can modify the content - it is open source.

关键词： Boolean functions   Standards   Computer science   Complexity theory   Power demand   Optimization methods   Market research   MVDD   KFDD   decision diagrams   residual variable  

摘要： We propose a novel method of reduction for binary-based decision diagrams (DD) exploiting the similarities between Boolean functions. Conventional methods are able to remove redundant parts of DD that adhere to (or represent) identical structures. The proposed approach tries to take advantage of not only identical but also equivalent parts of a diagram, which produce identical results after a change in variable ordering. Basic types of DD, like Binary DD (BDD) or Functional DD (FDD) do not allow for the reduction of equivalent parts of a diagram as the notation of change in ordering would be lost. Therefore, we propose a new type of decision diagram able to incorporate different orders of variables and thus allowing the reduction of equivalent DD parts- Multi-Variable Decision Diagram (MVDD). The only remaining obstacle is the determination of equivalency, for which we also propose a new heuristic. The paper also presents reduction of Kronecker Functional DD (KFDD) and MVDD with regard to multiple parameters, where the optimization process relies heavily on evolutionary algorithms and Residual Variable (RV). The average added value of MVDD to the reduction of diagram size was 26.13% when compared to BDD and 12.27% when compared to KFDD while preserving similar values of power consumption and average path length in the diagram.

ISBN: (纸本)9780231208888;9780231557672;0231557671

摘要： In the first half of the twentieth century, Black hemisphericculture grappled with the legacies of colonialism, U.S. empire, andJim Crow. As writers and perform...

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340815

关键词： Three-dimensional displays   Computer science   Games   Backtracking   Two dimensional displays   Three-dimensional printing   Steganography   cell   grid   minigrid   mini-cube   puzzle   sudoku  

摘要： Sudoku is a complicated multidimensional mathematical structure with several applications in various computer science domains. 3D Sudoku, compared to 2D, has one more dimension that can potentially provide an extra edge in the field of different application areas. Several researchers have developed various types of 2D Sudoku solvers using different methodologies. However, there is very limited research in the area of developing 3D Sudoku solvers. Thus, two different solvers for solving 3D Sudoku puzzles of size 9 x 9x9 are proposed in this work. Both solvers provide all possible solutions for solving a 3D Sudoku puzzle. 2D Sudoku puzzles are applied in different research domains with different purposes. Recently, 3D structure of Sudoku has been applied in several areas to achieve more effectiveness compared to 2D Sudoku. Additionally, it can also be used to solve problems in 3D space. Again, solving an NP-complete puzzle by considering its 3D structure is a challenging job. Thus, we endeavoured to achieve all probable solutions for a 3D Sudoku instance in this work. In the first version of our proposed algorithm, all possible values for each blank cell are computed and stored. Subsequently, a few elimination-based methods are used to reduce the number of probable values (if possible) for each blank cell. Finally, the solutions are computed using the backtracking method. In the second version of our proposed algorithm, the nine 2D Sudoku puzzles, lying in the xz-plane one above the other, which form the 3D puzzle are fed as the input. All possible solutions are obtained for each of the nine puzzles. Then, the obtained solutions are mapped to achieve one or more solutions for the 3D Sudoku instance. Thus, our proposed techniques provide a new approach for solving 3D Sudoku. In addition, applying the obtained solutions provides us with an advantage over 2D Sudoku, in solving problems in the 3D space and where more data is required.