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关键词： 互动仪式链   情感能量   纪录片   人生第一次  

摘要： 随着新媒介的发展,过去以长篇大论为主的电视纪录片已经逐渐变成以快节奏为主的纪录片,并且在拍摄题材上的选择上也越来越注重与时事热点相结合,且“弹幕”技术正深刻地影响着电视节目与受众之间的互动关系。故本文以纪录片《人生第一次》为主要研究对象,借助柯林斯的互动仪式理论,对纪录片弹幕进行分析,探求互动方式对纪录片的影响和对观众的吸引力。本文主要从下面四个方面展开。首先依据互动仪式链理论,分析纪录片《人生第一次》中所形成互动仪式链的基础要素,包括B站平台实现双方虚拟在场、限制局外人参与、情感连接产生关注焦点和多样互动方式助推情感共享四个方面。再者,对纪录片《人生第一次》互动过程进行探讨,阐述该纪录片中受众如何参与仪式,从弹幕词频及字幕词云角度对受众共同关注焦点分析情感能量如何产生并积蓄,并促成身份符号认同。最后,对每集弹幕词频统计分析,从互动结果出发,先对纪录片《人生第一次》的互动传播特性进行分析,包括传播形式、发展态势、内容要求、表现特征以及反馈路径五个方面,再对从群体符号的生成、情感能量的获得、人生价值观的传递三个方面进行分析纪录片的互动仪式结果。笔者认为观众通过B站获得准入机制,限制局外人参与进来,通过发送弹幕进入到互动仪式中,在纪录片视听语言和叙事方式的推动下,受众在互动中产生情感波动,并通过和其他参与互动者进行话语交流,以及有节奏的情感连带,找寻情感同频的共享者,在这个过程中共享情感积蓄能量并完成互动仪式。这是一次成功的互动仪式,且通过研究发现互动对纪录片的传播发展有极大影响力,故在新媒体环境下关于纪录片的创作更要紧跟时代步伐,更新新媒体时代纪录片的内容选择、创新传播路径,借助多种互动方式促进纪录片的传播发展。

关键词： 翻译   计算机科学与技术在不同领域的应用   文本类型理论  

摘要： 计算机科学技术的发展给人们的生活和工作带来了极大的便利,越来越多的人开始对计算机学习产生浓厚兴趣。对计算机科学与技术领域的最新研究成果及其应用进行译介,可以为计算机领域的学习者和使用者提供参考。本次翻译选取了Adele Kuzmiakova编写的《计算机科学与技术在不同领域的应用》前三章作为源文本。文本主要介绍了人机交互的起源与发展,计算机科学与技术在医学和商业领域的广泛应用。本报告首先对本次翻译任务的背景、目的、任务意义、运用的指导理论、文本内容以及翻译过程进行了简要概述。然后重点分析翻译的难点和相应的翻译方法。从纽马克的文本类型理论分析来看,源文本属于信息型文本,因此翻译总体原则是准确地传达信息。语言要简洁明了,从而达到交际效果。Ant Conc分析表明,文本中存在大量术语和被动句,这是翻译的难点。术语的翻译主要采用了直译、零译等方法;对于被动句的翻译,汉译可以使用被动句、主动句、无主句和判断句等。在语篇层面,以实现语篇的连贯和衔接为原则进行翻译。文本类型理论对科技文本翻译具有重要指导意义。需确保专业词汇翻译准确统一,句子通顺流畅,语篇连贯且符合译入语表达习惯。希望本翻译报告能够为未来译者提供人机交互的原理中的部分术语及译法,同时也为被动句的翻译提供参考。

关键词： Computer scientists   Diversity   Education   Gender gap   Racial gap   Sense of belonging  

摘要： While significant advancements in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are at the forefront of society, there continues to be a considerable gender and racial gap in the advancement of women of color in these fields (Espinosa, 2011; Ong et al., 2011; Shein, 2018). Low completion rates are even greater when looking at Black and Latina women in computer science (CS). This phenomenological study examined how the academic and social experiences of nine Black and Latina women computer science students shaped their journeys and sense of belonging as developing computer scientists. This study drew upon two interviews and journal entries to unpack how this group of women of color is experiencing their journeys through CS at Rutgers. I used Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Strayhorn’s (2012, 2018) model for sense of belonging for STEM students as frameworks for interpreting the experiences of women of color and what may lead to attrition or unwelcome environments. The findings of this study depict an isolating experience for Black and Latina students in CS. These students faced racist and sexist comments from their peers, which deeply impacted their ability to feel connected. They were conscious of their status as the “only one,” which hindered their ability to develop a sense of belonging. To counteract these feelings, many of the participants found solace in women-centric programming, including a Computer Science Living-Learning Community. Some critical recommendations include funding women-centric intervention programs, implementing inclusive hiring practices to hire more women in CS leadership positions, and building a working group of faculty and staff to examine the issues in the local context. The paper begins with the statement of the problem and social context. Next, I review relevant literature that examines the lack of women of color in STEM and CS. Following the literature review, I describe the methods and findings. Finally, I conclude with imp

关键词： Blockchains   Consensus algorithm   Interoperability   Consensus protocol   Protocols   Computer science   Systematics   Blockchain   consensus algorithm   interoperability   cross-chain transactions   architecture   operational issues   applications   research directions  

摘要： Recently, Blockchain-based applications have become immensely popular because of limited reliance on a single entity, unlike a centralized system. However, reaching a consensus among blockchain networks is a challenging and vital aspect of blockchain-based applications. There are various types of blockchain networks for different kinds of application scenarios. Among all of them, the consensus algorithm is the most crucial part of reaching an agreement in the complex blockchain network. Over the years, researchers have focused on dealing with the challenges like distributed computing, storage, transaction speed, security, validity, interoperability, and many more. However, only some of them are appropriate for all domains. Therefore, this paper presents an extensive study of different types of consensus protocols used in existing blockchain solutions with the strength and limitations of each algorithm. We also provide an inherent comparison among different algorithms to understand consensus protocol selection better. Moreover, we investigate operational and interoperability issues in existing blockchain-based applications to understand challenges and provide recommendations for future developers.

关键词： Computer Science   Engineering & Technology  

ISBN: (数字)9788770227810 ISBN: (纸本)9788770227827

摘要： As the world enters the era of big data, there is a serious need to give a semantic perspective to the data in order to find unseen patterns, derive meaningful information, and make intelligent decisions. Semantic technologies offer the richest machine-interpretable (rather than just machine-processable) and explicit semantics that are being extensively used in various domains and industries. These technologies reduce the problem of large semantic loss in the process of modelling knowledge, and provide sharable, reusable knowledge, and a common understanding of the knowledge. As a result, the interoperability and interconnectivity of the model make it priceless for addressing the issues of querying data. These technologies work with the concepts and relations that are very close to the working of the human brain. They provide a semantic representation of any data format: unstructured or semi-structured. As a consequence, data becomes real-world entity rather than a string of characters. For these reasons, semantic technologies are highly valuable tools to simplify the existing problems of the industry leading to new opportunities. However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed to make industrial applications and machines smarter. This book aims to provide a roadmap for semantic technologies and highlights the role of these technologies in industry. The book also explores the present and future prospects of these semantic technologies along with providing answers to various questions like: Are semantic technologies useful for the next era (industry 4.0)? Why are semantic technologies so popular and extensively used in the industry? Can semantic technologies make intelligent industrial applications? Which type of problem requires the immediate attention of researchers? Why are semantic technologies very helpful in people’s future lives? This book will potentially serve as an important guide towards the latest industrial applications of semantic technolog

关键词： Statistically significant   Engineering   Gender differences   Leadership   STEM  

摘要： The purpose of this quantitative pilot research study was to determine if a statistically significant difference exists between the leadership styles of men and women in leadership roles in the engineering and computer science fields. Data were obtained from 44 leaders working in the engineering and computer science fields. Using Bass’ Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), respondents were given 44 statements related to leadership styles and rated their agreement with the statement from 0 to 4 with 0 being not at all and 4 being frequently if not always. Their responses were analyzed to determine the leadership styles of male and female leaders. Demographic information was also collected. Respondents rated themselves using a Likert scale and responding to 44 statements that related to leadership attributes. MLQ groups these statements into idealized influence (attributed), idealized influence (behaviors), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration, contingent reward, management by exception (active), and management by exception (passive). These attributes were then grouped together into the leadership styles transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire. Analysis of the data showed that there was not a statistically significant difference among genders with regards to their leadership style. A small sample size may have contributed to these results. While a statistically significant difference was not found among genders, it does not mean that one does not exist. Further studies are warranted to examine reasons a gender gap exists among leaders within the computer science and engineering fields. The research findings in this study are an important contribution to the body of research regarding gender differences in leadership. The findings can be used to further support efforts in closing the gender gap in the STEM fields by demonstrating differences in genders and supporting methods to further support females in these fi

关键词： Computer Science   Mathematics & Statistics   Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health   MathML  

ISBN: (数字)9788770228305 ISBN: (纸本)9788770228312

摘要： Infectious diseases are leading threats and are of highest risk to the human population globally. Over the last two years, we saw the transmission of Covid-19. Millions of people died, and also forced to live with a disability. Mathematical models are effective tools that enable analyzing relevant information, simulate the related process and evaluate beneficial results. They can help to make rational decisions towards a healthy society. Formulation of mathematical models for a pollution-free environment is also very important for society. To determine the system which can be modelled, we need to formulate the basic context of the model underlying some necessary assumptions. This describes our beliefs in terms of the mathematical language of how the world functions. This book addresses issues during the Covid phase and post-Covid phase. It analyzes transmission, impact of coinfections, and vaccination as a control or to decrease the intensity of infection. It also talks about the violence and unemployment problems occurring during the post-Covid period. This book will help societal stakeholders to resume normality slowly and steadily.

关键词： Visualization   Graph drawing   Task analysis   Edge computing   Computer science   Minimization   Directed graphs   User centered design   Hierarchical graph drawing   edge bundling   experimental results   user study  

摘要： We present a detailed hierarchical graph drawing technique that is based on the Path Based Framework (PBF). Extensive edge bundling is applied to draw all edges of the graph and the height of the drawing is minimized using compaction. We present experimental results and a user study for hierarchical drawings of graphs that show the usefulness of the new drawing technique. The drawings produced by the new framework are compared to drawings produced by the well known Sugiyama framework in terms of area, number of bends, number of crossings, and execution time. The new algorithm runs very fast and produces drawings that are readable and more efficient in terms of area and number of bends. Furthermore, since there are advantages (and disadvantages) to both frameworks, we performed a user study. The results show that the drawings produced by the new framework are well received in terms of clarity, readability, and usability. Hence, the new technique offers an interesting alternative to drawing hierarchical graphs, and is especially useful in applications where user defined paths are important and need to be highlighted.

关键词： Industries   Visualization   Codes   Affordances   Evolutionary computation   Design tools   Artificial intelligence  

摘要： Science plays a crucial role in engineering. But science tends to be obscure to students, especially when they are overwhelmed by complex engineering design challenges that involve many variables. This article shows how computer graphics can be used to visualize science concepts and operationalize inquiry practices in engineering design to support integrated learning and teaching of science and engineering. Based on these graphical capabilities, generative design driven by evolutionary computation can also be visually illustrated to give students a glimpse into how artificial intelligence is transforming engineering design. The article provides real-world examples in the field of sustainable energy engineering based on Aladdin, an open-source design and analysis Web app. It also presents evidence of learning from pilot tests at culturally diverse high schools. Science educators interested in incorporating engineering design into their lesson plans may find this article helpful.