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关键词： Scientific impact   Rankings   GDP   Demographics   Brain-drain  

摘要： The scientific impact and rankings of individual persons, institutions, or nations are very important for their international recognition and prestige. At the same time, they are also vital for the governments, businesses and trusts which must decide scientific priorities and funding. In this paper we show that the ranking of a country changes significantly when we take into consideration its scientific personnel that has migrated abroad (i.e., brain-drain). Given that immigrant scientists are considered recoverable assets who can always return home, we believe that governments, businesses and trusts should anticipate immigrant scholars when deciding their scientific priorities, optimizing their research allocations, re-orienting their research support, or augmenting research productivity.

关键词： loneliness   older adults   online interactive courses   quality of life  

摘要： BACKGROUND:The early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic was a critical time for increasing loneliness, especially for older people. However, there is insufficient existing research on associated interventions and their effectiveness. AIM:This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week online interactive course on the loneliness, depression, social support, and quality of life (QOL) of older adults in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS:A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to collect data from a community in Taiwan. Eighty-nine participants recruited from long-term care institutions were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 44) and a control group (n = 45). Participants in the experimental group received an 8-week (Monday to Friday) intensive online interactive course, whereas those in the control group watched 8 weeks (Monday to Friday) of unidirectional online video programs. RESULTS:Significant differences were observed in the UCLA Loneliness Scale and in both the psychological health and social relationship domains of the WHO Quality of Life-BREF Scale. In other words, compared with those in the control group, participants in the experimental group experienced more significant improvements in the state of their loneliness as well as QOL in the psychological health and social relationship domains (without the physical health/environment domains) after taking the online interactive course. CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study showed that the 8-week online interactive course could effectively improve the loneliness, the psychological health domain, and the social relationship domain of the QOL of the older adults of a particular community during the ongoing pandemic. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 91-97.

关键词： women   computer science   gender bias   higher education   internships  

摘要： Despite computer science (CS) students' widespread participation in internships, few studies have examined how internship experiences impact career decision-making. Because women are severely underrepresented within CS, understanding how internship experiences impact career decision-making can provide critical insight into women's career development processes and longevity in the field. Using the concept of career self-management within social cognitive career theory as a theoretical framework and standpoint feminism as a critical lens, we conducted interviews with 13 women CS majors to learn how internship experiences influenced their career decisions. Findings reveal three major career development process themes, including questioning technical competence, navigating gendered "microclimates," and reflecting on careers in CS. While internships largely affirmed women's career interests in CS, participants also navigated challenging gendered dynamics and often made career decisions directly influenced by these experiences. Findings inform how CS educators, career development practitioners, and employers may better develop inclusive internship cultures in computing.

关键词： Business   Petri nets   Process control   Software   Computer science   Behavioral sciences   Transforms   Hierarchical Petri nets (HPNs)   identification   lifecycle event logs   process discovery   subprocesses  

摘要： Business processes are critical for information systems to control workflows and deliver services. Although existing process discovery techniques can generate flat process models from business event logs, few of them have investigated the notion of hierarchy (i.e., subprocesses) yet. To fill the gap, this article first defines the concept of hierarchical Petri nets (HPNs), which can support the formal modeling and correctness verification of processes with subprocesses. Followed by that, we propose an approach which can effectively discover HPNs from event logs with lifecycle information. Moreover, to quantify the quality of discovered HPNs, details on how to transform an HPN to a classical Petri net are given such that existing metrics can be applied. All proposed approaches have been fully implemented in ProM, and experiments over both synthetic and real-life event logs demonstrate that our approach can effectively discover hierarchical process models. Specifically, compared to exiting approaches on processes discovery, our approach can generally perform better in terms of model quality.

关键词： Decoding   Codes   Reed-Muller codes   Galois fields   Complexity theory   Computer science   Heart   Reed-Muller codes   polynomials   list decoding   finite fields   weight distribution  

摘要： Let f be a polynomial of degree d in n variables over a finite field F. The polynomial is said to be unbiased if the distribution of f(x) for a uniform input x is an element of F-n is close to the uniform distribution over F, and is called biased otherwise. The polynomial is said to have low rank if it can be expressed as a composition of a few lower degree polynomials. Green and Tao [Contrib. Discrete Math 2009] and Kaufman and Lovett [FOCS 2008] showed that bias implies low rank for fixed degree polynomials over fixed prime fields. This lies at the heart of many tools in higher order Fourier analysis. In this work, we extend this result to all prime fields (of size possibly growing with n). We also provide a generalization to nonprime fields in the large characteristic case. However, we state all our applications in the prime field setting for the sake of simplicity of presentation. Using the above generalization to large fields as a starting point, we are also able to settle the list decoding radius of fixed degree Reed-Muller codes over growing fields. The case of fixed size fields was solved by Bhowmick and Lovett [STOC 2015], which resolved a conjecture of Gopalan-Klivans-Zuckerman [STOC 2008]. Here, we show that the list decoding radius is equal the minimum distance of the code for all fixed degrees, even when the field size is possibly growing with n. Additionally, we effectively resolve the weight distribution problem for Reed-Muller codes of fixed degree over all fields, first raised in 1977 in the classic textbook by MacWilliams and Sloane [Research Problem 15.1 in Theory of Error Correcting Codes].

关键词： Algebra  

摘要： The capability of R to do symbolic mathematics is enhanced by the caracas package. This package uses the Python computer algebra library SymPy as a back-end but caracas is tightly integrated in the R environment. This enables the R user with symbolic mathematics within R at a high abstraction level rather than using text strings and text string manipulation as the case would be if using SymPy from R directly. We demonstrate how mathematics and statistics can benefit from bridging computer algebra and data via R. This is done thought a number of examples and we propose some topics for small student projects. The caracas package integrates well with e.g. Rmarkdown, and as such creation of scientific reports and teaching is supported. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Case-based learning   Student-centered teaching   online-offline case discussion   Postgraduate teaching  

摘要： This study explores a student-centered teaching method in postgraduate courses. Teacher-centered classroom teaching cannot fully stimulate learning initiative and enthusiasm of students. Student-centered means that students actively learn and construct knowledge by participating in teaching activities. This study presents a student-centered online-offline hybrid teaching method, which adopts student-centered case-based teaching and online-offline case discussion in the postgraduate courses of computer science. The latest engineering cases are integrated into teaching and a case library is constructed. Taking the digital image processing course as an example, student-centered teaching allows students to choose what to learn and how to learn. Case-based teaching makes students better understand the application of theory of knowledge. It can introduce multiple perspectives, promote understanding and reflection on problems, and help students develop higher-level thinking, analysis, and synthesis skills. This study explores online-offline case discussion method in the student-centered teaching and proposes the principles of case design of postgraduate courses. Revised Bloom's taxonomy is used for teaching assessment. The actual teaching effect shows that student-centered case-based teaching and online-offline case discussion have achieved better teaching effect.

关键词： liquid-culture method   solid-culture method   Salmonella Typhimurium   resistance   control methods   low-a(w) food  

摘要： The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the culture method on the resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium in low water activity foods to storage, plasma, and dry heat. Whole black peppers were used as the model food. S. Typhimurium cultured in liquid broth (tryptic soy broth) or solid agar (tryptic soy agar) and inoculated on whole black pepper was stored or treated with cold plasma or dry heat. Inactivation of S. Typhimurium cultured in liquid medium was higher in all the treatments. Liquid-cultured S. Typhimurium showed higher DPPP = O (diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine oxide) values compared to the solid-cultured S. Typhimurium after plasma or dry heat treatment. Furthermore, the unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid ratio (USFA/SFA) was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced from 0.41 to 0.29 when S. Typhimurium was cultured on solid agar. These results suggested that the use of food-borne pathogens cultured on solid agar is more suitable for low water activity food pasteurization studies.

关键词： Computer science   Worldwide web   Information science  

摘要： Social media and online navigation bring us enjoyable experiences in accessing in-formation, and simultaneously create information cocoons (ICs) in which we are unconsciously trapped with limited and biased information. We provide a formal definition of IC in the scenario of online navigation. Subsequently, by analyzing real recommendation networks extracted from Science, PNAS, and Amazon web -sites, and testing mainstream algorithms in disparate recommender systems, we demonstrate that similarity-based recommendation techniques result in ICs, which suppress the system navigability by hundreds of times. We further propose a flexible recommendation strategy that addresses the IC-induced problem and improves retrieval accuracy in navigation, which are demonstrated by simulations on real data and online experiments on the largest video website in China. This paper quantifies the challenge of ICs in recommender systems and presents a viable solution, which offer insights into the industrial design of algorithms, future scientific studies, as well as policy making.