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摘要： Der tertiäre Bildungssektor im deutschsprachigen Raum fächert sich zunehmend auf. Das gilt für die Typen von Hochschulen wie auch für die Professuren. Dazu kommen neue technische Möglichkeiten für Fernunterricht per Internet. In der Kombination ergeben sich eine nicht einfach zu ordnende Vielfalt und Unübersichtlichkeit, aber auch Elemente eines fruchtbaren Wettbewerbs. Die Informatik und ihre Anwendungsfächer, wegen ihrer Marktnähe vor allem die Wirtschaftsinformatik, sind einerseits Gegenstand der Aus- und Weiterbildung, auch weil ihre dynamische Weiterentwicklung in Grundlagen und Anwendungen vielfältiges neues Wissen, Technologien und Techniken hervorbringt, die verbreitet werden müssen. Andererseits sind sie auch bildungsökonomisches Werkzeug, um die Effizienz der Aus- und Weiterbildungsprozesse zu steigern. Beispielsweise können sie mit ihren Forschungsergebnissen zur Personalisierung und Benutzermodellierung die Didaktik der Online-Kurse verfeinern oder Techniken zur Verhinderung von Betrug bei Online-Prüfungen entwickeln. Durch neue, gut durchdachte Arbeitsteilung und marktwirtschaftliche Konkurrenz ebenso wie Kooperation – vergleichbar mit Güter- und Dienstleistungsmärkten – könnten auch in der Ausbildung und in der Weiterbildung Effizienz- und Kostenvorteile für die beteiligten Institutionen, Lehrenden und Lernenden entstehen. Wegen der wahrscheinlich in den nächsten Dekaden noch stärker als gegenwärtig schon eintretenden Sparzwänge und Fachkräfteengpässe sind einschlägige Überlegungen, Ausarbeitung von Szenarien und Pilotversuche zu empfehlen. Allerdings müsste ein „optimaler Koordinierungsgrad“ angestrebt werden. In Anbetracht der föderalen Struktur des Bildungswesens in Deutschland und der Gefahr, dass eine bürokratielastige europaweite Vereinheitlichung gefordert wird, wäre dies eine sehr anspruchsvolle Aufgabe.

关键词： Counter-science   Counter-knowledge   Science policy   Computer science   West-Berlin  

摘要： Launched in 1982, the so-called Berliner Wissenschaftsladen e. V. (WILAB) belonged to the scattered West-German ventures in "counter-science". This article situates the origins of the "Laden" (similar to workshop)-an "alternative" spin-off of sorts, spawned from the Technical University of Berlin-in the context of contemporary advances in regional science policy. In this connection, the ailing, de-industrializing "island city" arguably even played a certain pioneering role: elements of its multipronged "innovation offensive", which peaked in the early-to-mid 1980s, were visible beyond city limits, including the trade show BIG TECH and, notably, the Berlin Center for Innovation and New Enterprises (BIG), the FRG's first start-up "incubator", which opened in 1983. In other words, politically-minded scientists in tendency now had to deal with conditions that were less and less conducive to dreams of a "socially engaged" and "non-alienated" (counter-)science. Indeed, while hardly opposed to the new gospel of innovation, it's not surprising that ventures such as WILAB, committed as they were to the production of "socially useful" science, found themselves increasingly marginalized. It's as such a marginal venture, my argument goes, that WILAB's prima facie hopeless attempt to initiate a different, more "humane" information technology sheds an instructive light on the emergence of "entrepreneurial" science in the FRG during the 1970s and 1980s.

关键词： street basketball   Black expressivity   Black culture   sports media   racial representation  

摘要： The distinct style of basketball popularly termed "streetball" is inextricably linked to Black bodies, spaces, and forms of expression. Although streetball operates as a Black cultural repertoire constituted in response to historical marginalization, I demonstrate how representations of streetball in mainstream media are underpinned by, and thus reify, harmful racial logics that circulate throughout even purportedly innocuous forms of popular culture in the "colorblind" neoliberal moment. Through a textual analysis of three of the most culturally renowned media representations of streetball-the television showAND1 Mixtape Tour, the video game seriesNBA Street, and the filmUncle Drew-I argue that streetball is depicted as illustrative of the perceived pathological and inferior nature of Blackness;romanticized and divorced from the structural contexts of its production;and materially and symbolically exploited by corporate commercial entities. I conclude by reflecting on how mediated commodification often participates in reproducing, trivializing, and concealing the effects of structural racism and suggest that critical analyses of the politics of popular culture must inform anti-racist objectives.

关键词： ARIMA model   DBSCAN clustering   document index graph   forecasting of computer science   LDA topic model   trend analysis of computer science   trend analysis of Indian research  

摘要： Huge collections of published research documents are available in various repositories in Indian universities and research organizations. The efficient retrieval, estimation of research trends, and identification of research gaps with the global trend in different research areas, can be a great guiding tool for regulating research in the appropriate direction. This research attempts to analyse the trend of research activities carried out by Indian researchers in the discipline of Computer Science from 2010 to 19 and forecast the upcoming research trend for the years 2020-23. A repository of the abstracts based on domains given in the Computer Science Ontology (CSO) published by the Indian researchers is developed from the Scopus database. Document Index Graph document representation model is used to store the repository, shared phrases across the documents are extracted and phrase-based similarity is computed. Combining the Single-term and Phrase-based similarity, the hybrid similarity is generated and similar documents are clustered using the DBSCAN clustering technique. Topics are identified for each cluster using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm and are automatically labelled using CSO. For each topic, the trend analysis and forecasting have been done using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average. For the assessment of the forecasting performance, the dataset from 2010 to 17 is used as a training dataset and 2018-19 as a testing dataset. The average forecasting for the year 2018 for all CSO domains belongs to the Good forecasting category with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) 18.34, and 2019 shows reasonable forecasting with MAPE 30.20 as per the MAPE interpretation given by Lewis. For each topic the average forecasting for years 2018-19 shows either Highly accurate, Good or Reasonable forecasting. As a result, the top four domains for the years 2020-23 are also identified which can help initial researchers in the identification of a relevant

关键词： Blockchains   Security   Optimization   Costs   Internet of Things   Computer science   Australia   Blockchain   Internet of Things (IoT)   storage optimisation   distributed caching  

摘要： Distribution, security, and immutability have led to the great success of blockchain in many applications, while contributing to major increases in ledger size. The storage challenge is one of the major barriers to the adoption of blockchain in the Internet of Things (IoT), which consists of many resource constrained devices. In this paper, we propose Multi-Level Distributed Caching (MLDC) for blockchain storage optimisation which reduces data replication based on data access patterns in a decentralised manner. For storage optimisation of data-centric blockchains, MLDC introduces a hierarchical storage class (SC), in which every node is assigned to an SC with its own Access Frequency (AF) threshold based on node availability. To reduce the number of replications shared among participant nodes, each node in a SC continues to remove unaccessed data from local storage based on a threshold time determined by the AF threshold of the SC, while maintaining all block hashes for consistency. Eventually, all nodes in MLDC store the most frequently accessed data in their local storage, so MLDC effectively reduces the storage and query costs while minimising network overhead. We also analyse the security of MLDC and quantitatively evaluate its performance for both the uniform access and exponentially decaying access patterns. The evaluation was carried out on a representative blockchain simulator with 15 storage nodes. Our results from 11 hours of experiments producing 6667 blocks and 39997 transactions show good performance for MLDC. The results of the experimentation for the exponentially decaying assess pattern show that MLDC can reduce the total storage cost by 83% compared to conventional blockchain systems, while maintaining blockchain consistency and data availability with a slight increase in network overhead and query cost.

关键词： Thomas Aquinas   design arguments   evolutionary theodicy   Free Process Defense   malevolent designs   natural evil   perceiving design   teleological argument  

摘要： In this article, I first interpret and evaluate the main argument of E. V. R. Kojonen's book, The Compatibility of Evolution and Design. I then address a challenge against this argument (as well as against design arguments in general), namely, the problem of seemingly malevolent and bad designs in nature. Evolutionary theodicists commonly deal with this problem by assuming that the evolutionary process is not fully under God's control. This solution, however, is deeply problematic from the perspective of classical theism. I therefore suggest another approach to the problem, inspired by the thought of Thomas Aquinas.

关键词： Qualitative   teacher practice briefs   middle school   teachers   challenges   computer science   computational thinking   researchers   research and practice   practice   impacts  

摘要： Problem. K-12 teachers face many challenges when teaching a new subject like computer science (CS). They are often far removed from the research being conducted to identify evidence-driven solutions to these challenges. Likewise, researchers are also often removed from the challenges of classroom practices that teachers face when teaching CS. Research Questions. To create a collaborative process for teachers and researchers outside of a research practice partnership, we piloted a facilitated process in which CS middle school teachers and CS education researchers collaboratively created CS teacher practice briefs. Our research question for this study was: In what ways are teachers impacted by the process of creating teacher practice briefs in collaboration with researchers? Methodology. We conducted a qualitative study, using a semi-structured interview protocol to interview five teachers and three researchers to gain an understanding of how this process impacted the participants. We used thematic content analysis to identify several subthemes across our pre-established themes: motivation for teachers to participate, impacts on teachers, perceived impacts on students, and impacts on researchers. Findings. We found that the impact on teachers mirrored impacts found on teachers who engage in Research Practice Partnerships, including increased self-efficacy, expanded professional networks, and changed classroom practices. Implications. By bringing researchers and educators together with a clear focus on equity-based problems of practice in CS education, the results display a multitude of positive impacts. Teachers indicate that they are are positively impacted, researchers develop a clear understanding of realistic practices, and students are peripherally impacted through changed practices in the classroom. Therefore, the most significant contribution to advance the disciplinary understanding is the potential for this new process to decrease the gap between research and

关键词： Computer science capital   computing capital   Bourdieu   sociocultural theory   sociology in computing education   inclusive CS education  

摘要： The aim of this conceptual article is to provide a framework and a lens for educators in diversifying and making CS education more inclusive. In this article, we conceptualize the notion of computer science capital (CSC), which extends Bourdieu's sociological theory of capital and Archer et al.'s work on "science capital." The CSC concept was developed by contrasting the concept of science capital with a literature review on key factors affecting students' aspirations in CS. We argue that there is a need to distinguish between science capital and CSC, because the types of capital that are considered legitimate vary between the field of natural science and computer science. The CSC concept uses a sociocultural perspective on learning and can be understood as a form of symbolic capital that is influential in facilitating students' possibility to fully participate in, engage with, and form aspirations in CS. The CSC concept consists of three main components, each with associated subcomponents. We believe our CSC framework, along with the self-reflection prompts included in this article, will offer support for reflections for educators in their daily pedagogical work. By taking students' various levels of social and cultural capital into consideration, educators can plan didactic activities with a focus to strengthen students' various types of capital. This includes reflection on how implicit and explicit norms, beliefs, thoughts, expectations, values, and ideas can affect the pedagogical practices and ultimately the students. Only when we are reflective about our teaching practices can we be better positioned to construct a more inclusive teaching and learning environment.

关键词： sneaker customization   decolonization   black culture   sneaker industry   late colonization  

摘要： Epitomized by the athletic sneaker industry's lucrative mining of Black bodies and Black culture, the colonization of the racial "Other" by the forces of Western consumer culture has become a defining feature of late capitalism. However, we propose that contemporary consumer culture also offers possibilities for everyday decolonizing practices, specifically those associated with sneaker customization. Drawing on 15 interviews with racially-marginalized sneaker customizers, we explored how individuals used sneaker customization to initiate critical and creative dialogues with the sneaker industry and other late colonizing forces. We found that participants used sneaker customization to assert their humanity through: signaling their personal/group identity;articulating political subversions and solidarities;and seeking to uplift disadvantaged communities. We conclude by encouraging sport scholars to critically engage the possibilities for decolonizing politics as infused within everyday popular cultural practices.

关键词： Project portfolio risks   risk interactions   life cycle   social network analysis  

摘要： The need for enterprises to manage project portfolio risks over the life cycle has become increasingly prominent. It is essential to evaluate and manage them to achieve project portfolios and organizations' success. Unlike project risk, project portfolio risk is more complex and uncertain due to risk interactions. Risk management is unsatisfactory in project portfolios due to the lack of awareness of risk interactions and the life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical risks of project portfolios over the life cycle considering risk interactions. We primarily verified 20 identified risks through a questionnaire survey and an expert interview method and evaluated the interactions among them using the Delphi method. Furthermore, risk interactions were analyzed using the social network analysis (SNA) methodology to determine the important risks. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of important risks was carried out to identify critical risks according to the evaluation principles. The results identified six critical portfolio risks, two key risk contagion paths and revealed risk characteristics of different life cycle phases. This research considerably contributes to the body of knowledge pertaining to project portfolio management that will enable organizations that implement project portfolios and similar multi projects to emphasize critical risks.