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关键词： Computer Science   College Education   University Social Responsibility  

摘要： Broad multidisciplinary computing is transforming our modern life in many aspects,and computer science itself is also *** response to these trends,the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)recently built a new college,the Schwarzman College of *** missions of the College are to support rapid growth of computing fields,facilitate computing collaborations across departments and disciplines,and to focus on social,ethical,and policy issues in *** paper begins by introducing the history and design of the Schwarzman ***,it discusses the new opportunities that the College of computing has created at MIT,specifically the common ground for computing education and the social and ethical responsibilities of computing programs.

关键词： Resource management   Noise measurement   Heuristic algorithms   Network function virtualization   Software   Computer science   Mathematical models   Network function virtualization   performance bottleneck   rate coordination   service chain   traffic scheduling  

摘要： Network service provisioning becomes flexible and programmable with the help of Network Function Virfitualization (NFV), since NFV abstracts various service functions into software components called Virtual Network Function (VNF) and VNFs can be flexibly and quickly composed to form new services. It is commonly known that sharing the same VNF among different services can improve the resource utilization. However, we should be aware that such sharing also leads to serious resource preemption. In addition, VNF sharing aggravates the generation of the performance bottleneck, which then causes the rate mismatch problem between the upstream and downstream VNFs belonging to the same service chain. In this article, we propose a dynamic and flexible algorithm to jointly address the VNF sharing resource allocation and the rate coordination between the upstream and downstream VNFs. Specifically, 1) the VNFs are shared among different service chains with a fairness factor considered for the purpose of reducing the resource preemption probability and improving the resource utilization;2) the backpressure indicator of each VNF is defined to judge its pressure condition, based on which we can dynamically adjust the processing rates between it and its downstream or upstream VNFs by maximizing the idle resource utilization. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other methods in terms of the average delay, the flow completion time, the throughput and the backlog, etc. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm achieves more stable performance than the other methods.

关键词： 信息技术教师   人工智能教学效能感   教师专业发展   TPACK  

摘要： 当前中小学人工智能课程建设已纳入国家战略发展规划,然而师资匮乏成为课程建设的瓶颈,亟须大力开展有效的教师专业发展活动。其中,教学效能感的培养会直接影响教师的教学投入、教学实践以及学生的学习效果。因此,文章基于TPACK理论设计专业发展知识体系,结合教学自我效能感提升途径和有效教师专业发展要素构建了线上线下融合的专业发展活动框架,并以40位信息技术教师为研究对象开展了为期25天的实验干预。问卷和访谈的数据分析结果显示,这种专业发展活动显著提升了信息技术教师的人工智能教学效能感,且具有不同先验知识的教师之间不存在显著性差异。这些发现揭示了文章所构建的专业发展知识体系和活动框架在提升中小学信息技术教师人工智能教学效能感方面的有效性,并会对信息技术教师的人工智能教学实践和学生学习结果产生积极的影响。

关键词： Computer Science   College Education   University Social Responsibility  

摘要： Alongside the development of computer science,many fields like engineering,finance and the natural sciences increasingly leverage computer science techniques to facilitate their own *** a result,students now need to have a good grasp of computer science skills in order to keep pace with the new forms of working in these other ***,higher education need to change to support this *** Science 2.0 refers to this new way of educating that facilitates these interdisciplinary *** creates exciting opportunities for students and staff to interact across disciplines in teaching,research,and transfer to create the so-called University 2.0.

摘要： Die Erfindung des universellen Komputers hat für die Naturwissenschaft insgesamt eine völlig neue Welt eröffnet, in der eine neue Naturwissenschaft entstanden ist, die vor allem von der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) als Disziplin repräsentiert wird. In dieser Arbeit wird sie inhaltlich genauer als Theoriebildung über repräsentierende Objekte (ROBs) charakterisiert, welche sich umfassend nur mit Komputern experimentell überprüfen läßt. Dies wird an unterschiedlichsten Beispielen illustriert, herausragende Aspekte ihrer historischen Entwicklung in den letzten hundert Jahren werden aufgezeigt und ihr aktueller Status wird problematisiert.

关键词： Computer science   Ethics   Education   Machine learning   Cognition   Information and communication technology   Cultural differences  

摘要： There is a dichotomy in computing education. The information communication technology (ICT) field, which includes all areas that pertain to technology, computing, or computational reasoning (e.g., computer science, computer engineering, and machine learning), needs diversity to thrive. Yet, the undergraduate programs that support the field have a difficult time attracting and retaining that diversity [1]. In undergraduate education, ICT is one of the most exclusionary of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) cultures [2] for women. Exclusion challenges a woman's sense of belonging [3] and identity-her sense of "personal relevance, ownership, and integration into the sense of self " [4, p. 208]. Significantly, women's intersectional identities (e.g., the intersection of race, gender, and disability) frame their experiences with oppression, causing problematic experiences in ICT education to compound and hurt computing identity [5].

关键词： Proposals   Fuses   Location awareness   Reliability   Computational modeling   Image segmentation   Computer science   Appearance fusion   Gaussian mixture model   saliency   co-saliency   co-localization  

摘要： Various types of saliency cues exist, all of which can be instrumental in the foreground extraction. It brings us to an interesting problem of effectively combining them. Note that earlier works either fuse them in the spatial domain or introduce dedicated terms in the energy functions to cater to multiple cues. In contrast, this paper investigates the appearance domain and proposes a novel appearance fusion framework, which we refer to as AppFuse. It is an intuitive framework for fusing candidate appearance models into the desired one for an energy function. Thus, we do not require any alterations in the energy function anymore. Like any fusion strategy, the proposed framework also requires guidance, which we facilitate through reliability and mutual consensus phenomena. To demonstrate the efficacy, we leverage it to solve a foreground extraction problem named video co-localization, where we propose two novel concepts i) hierarchical co-saliency and ii) mask-specific proposals. Our fusion results ensure that similar objects get highlighted sufficiently to ensure localization simply by respecting our framework and different spatiotemporal constraints. Our exhaustive set of experiments using both hand-crafted and learned saliency cues reveal that our approach comfortably outperforms several competing localization methods on standard benchmark datasets.

关键词： Ethics   pedagogy   computer science   social justice  

摘要： We studied the impact of introducing first-year computer science (CS) students to ethical thinking about the social justice impacts of data collection, tracking, bias, internet privacy, and competitive "real world" system design and critique activities. While basic content was consistent for all, one group was involved throughout the course in peer discussions designed to foster greater engagement, with the anticipation that this would enable students to reach new levels of sensitivity through peer-to-peer interaction. This article reports on our observation of this design, interview, and project data collected throughout the course as well interviews conducted eight months later to learn about how students were retaining and applying what they learned. We found that students are sensitive to the technology-related risks and vulnerabilities encountered by individuals based on race, gender, and, to some extent, age, but they struggle to assess who is responsible for these risks, what to do about bias in technology design, and how to mitigate harms for individuals whom they perceive to be vulnerable, furthering the argument for an integrated ethics curriculum. We explore the value of formal peer-led discussion to evolve social justice thinking with a focus on identity, though note that opportunities for any group discussion are meaningful to students' thinking about social justice. Over the longer term, students tend to recall and apply ethics that is closely related to their identity, suggesting that empathy has limits.

关键词： Ecosystems  

摘要： With the transition of innovation to the digital sphere, software has become an essential part of contemporary inventions and creations. It is also an essential part of intellectual property. The state of software protection in the European innovation ecosystem still needs to be considered fully regulated. However, researchers in computer science also face several challenges when exploiting intellectual property rights in the software. The field, therefore, offers opportunities for researching, which should steer research to (1) present the critical points, and (2) update some of the legal frameworks to address more clearly the field that deals with the issue of remuneration for researchers in computer science. The overview paper discusses software, focusing mainly on the challenges that researchers in computer science face in protecting and licensing software in the European innovation ecosystem. The following paper presents the state of the researchers' remuneration under protection and licensing. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.