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摘要： Making a case for stronger influence and overlap of technology and law. © 2025 ACM.

关键词： Sports   Wearable   Identity   Computing   Computer Science Education   Design-Based Research   Participation   Data Science   AI  

摘要： Objectives. Athletics and sports represent a focal part of adolescence for millions of youth around the world. However, opportunities to engage in computer science (CS) learning experiences are less prevalent, particularly among Hispanic and low-income communities. Recently, researchers have explored ways to bridge these, seemingly, disparate disciplines. Much of this prior research centers on the proliferation of sports technologies that support individualistic learning experiences. Additionally, many of these experiences are developed by researchers with limited design contributions from sports practitioners. To extend prior work, this project centers youth athletic identities and the associated cultural contexts of sports to explore ways that computing technologies can enhance and develop youth athletic identities and sports performance. Moreover, this work surfaces ways that athletics can be a generative and fulfilling space to learn about CS. Participants. In summer 2021, we collaborated with basketball coaches to design and implement a computing-enhanced learning experience with a basketball team of Hispanic participants in Puerto Rico. Eleven basketball athletes from a high school in southern Puerto Rico participated in the study. The participants have strong sports identities, as demonstrated by their lifelong engagement with team sports. Conversely, only one 1 of the 11 participants had experienced sports technologies, and none of them had previously participated in computing learning experiences. Study Method. In collaboration with local basketball coaches, we co-designed a learning experience that centers sports identities and practices and adds computing as a way to extend existing sports identities and local sports activities. We present and evaluate this learning experience using a design-based research approach. Participants' feedback was collected in the form of surveys, designs, and journal entries, and additional data on their experiences were coll

关键词： Mass shootings   Death penalty sentences   Capital punishment   Political factors  

摘要： Mass shooters commit some of the most extreme crimes in the United States, their attacks are almost always premeditated, and their guilt is almost never in doubt. However, they rarely receive the death penalty. To learn more, we examined the frequency of various outcomes for public mass shooters who attacked from 1966 to 2023 (n = 190), along with factors that could explain sentencing differences and changes over time. Our findings suggest only 12% of all U.S. mass shooters received a death penalty sentence, but more than 40% who made it to adjudication and were eligible got that sentence. Unexpectedly, the most heinous mass shootings were not significantly more likely to result in death penalty sentences, and most demographic, aggravating, and mitigating factors were similarly common among shooters who were and were not sentenced to death. Overall, state politics and guilty pleas were most closely associated with sentencing differences, but over time, fewer mass shooters were sentenced to death in both blue states and red states. The change in red states indicates a major reversal from prior decades.

关键词： academic momentum   case studies   computer science   computers and learning   computing   disparities   equity   gender equity   gender studies   intervention research   research methodology   science education   systematic review   women's issues  

摘要： Although gender parity has been achieved in some STEM fields, gender disparities persist in computing, one of the fastest-growing and highest-earning career fields. In this systematic literature review, we expand upon academic momentum theory to categorize computing interventions intended to make computing environments more inclusive to girls and women and consider how those characteristics vary by the success of the intervention. Particular attention is given to the efficacy of broadening participation and success for women in computer science, information technology, and related fields. After scrutinizing 168 relevant studies, 48 met the inclusion criteria and were included. We introduce a framework for gender equity in computing, expanding on existing research on academic and STEM momentum to encompass new domains representing social and structural momentum. Our analysis reveals the complex roles of intervention domains, strategies, goals, levels, and duration in shaping their efficacy. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

关键词： Death penalty   Capital punishment   Global historical data   Dataset  

摘要： The death penalty is a unique form of punishment as it is the most consequential penalty with no options for reversibility. Politically, it is a highly controversial form of punishment, the usage of which varies strongly between and within countries over time. Existing databases on death penalty usage generally cover a time period from the 1950s and onwards. In this article, we introduce a new database that covers the period 1800-2022 for all currently independent countries in the world. We provide a yearly categorization of death penalty status as well as changes of the status. In descriptive analyses, we show how the new data provides a more comprehensive picture of the development of death penalty trends worldwide. The database provides researchers with new opportunities to study the death penalty from a variety of perspectives.

关键词： Latches   Inverters   Transistors   Logic gates   Computer science   Aerospace and electronic systems   Nickel   Microelectronics   Integrated circuits   Fault tolerant systems   Fault tolerance verification   latch design   quadruple-node upset   radiation hardening   soft-error  

摘要： With the aggressive shrinking of transistor feature sizes, nanoscale complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits are becoming more vulnerable to multinode upsets, e.g., triple-node upsets as well as quadruple-node upsets (QNUs), caused by the effects of harsh radiation. This article first presents a QNU completely tolerant latch based on the so-called triple-path dual-interlocked cell (TPDICE) and the soft-error-interception module, namely quadruple-node-upset hardened latch (QNUHL). We further propose an advanced latch, namely quadruple-node-upset recovery hardened latch (QNURHL), which mainly employs 24 interlocked C-elements, to provide complete QNU recovery. Simulations based on the HSPICE tool demonstrate the complete QNU tolerance as well as the reasonable overhead for the QNUHL latch and also show that the QNURHL latch is recoverable from any possible QNU and can roughly save silicon area by 11% and power dissipation by 16%, compared with the QNU hardened latch of the same type. Moreover, an algorithm-based method for the verification of error tolerance and recovery of latches is proposed. The proposed method can simplify the verifications to demonstrate the capability of node-upset tolerance and/or recovery for latches.

关键词： Phytotoxicity   Culicidae   Insect life cycle   Climate   Thermal conditions  

摘要： Understanding the complex interplay between environmental factors and mosquito populations is crucial for effective vector-borne disease control. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of temperature and Ateleia glazioviana toxicity on the development and survival of Aedes aegypti, utilizing artificial microcosms. The first experiment used A. aegypti eggs, with microcosms varying by room temperature (18 degrees C and 25 degrees C) and exposure to A. glazioviana leaves, either without prior incubation or with a 14-day pre-incubation period. The second experimental design involved introducing larvae, with microcosms varying by room temperature (18 degrees C and 25 degrees C) and exposure to A. glazioviana leaves after a 14-day incubation period. For both experiments, we used only ultra-pure water and food for the control. Our results demonstrate that plant leachate toxicity had a more pronounced effect than temperature, with increased toxicity levels driving higher larval mortality rates. This reduction in competition among surviving larvae led to the development of larger individuals, consistent with the temperature-size rule. Notably, the impact of leachate toxicity was most significant when A. aegypti was exposed during the egg stage. Additionally, we observed that elevated temperatures were linked to increased wing asymmetry and reduced body size, suggesting heightened developmental instability under environmental stress. These findings have important implications for biological control strategies, emphasizing the need for pre-emptive measures before oviposition. Moreover, they challenge the commonly held assumption that temperature alone is the dominant factor shaping A. aegypti populations in Neotropical regions, highlighting the complex role of other ecological stressors.

关键词： Information retrieval  

摘要： Interdisciplinary scientific research is increasingly important in knowledge production, funding policies, and academic discussions on scholarly communication. While many studies focus on interdisciplinary corpora defined a priori—usually through keyword-based searches within assumed interdisciplinary domains—few explore interdisciplinarity as an emergent intersection between two distinct fields. Thus, methodological proposals for building databases at the intersection of two fields of knowledge are scarce. The goal of this article is to develop and compare different strategies for defining an interdisciplinary corpus between two bodies of knowledge. As a case study, we focus on the intersection between neuroscience and computer science. To this end, we develop and compare four retrieval strategies, two of them based on keywords and two based on citation and reference patterns. Our results show that keyword-based strategies provide both better precision and recall. While we focus on comparing strategies for the study of the intersection between the fields of neuroscience and computer science, this proposed methodological reflection is applicable to a wide range of interdisciplinary domains. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Fault tolerant systems   Fault tolerance   Reliability   Network architecture   Stars   Hypercubes   Fans   Data centers   Computer science   Program processors   g -good neighbor connectivity   g -good neighbor diagnosability   circulant-based recursive networks (CRNs)   fault tolerance   reliability  

摘要： It is widely known that parallel and distributed systems are crucial technologies and platforms necessary to support supercomputing and cloud computing. The network architecture forms the foundational support for the stable operation of these systems, directly influencing their reliability, scalability, and robustness. As the network scale expands, the probability of processor/server and communication link failures increases. Therefore, it is imminent to consider how to build up the fault tolerance and reliability of the network. The circulant-based recursive networks (CRNs) are a novel type of network with several desirable properties such as regularity, recursiveness, vertex (edge) transitivity and so on. CRNs contain not only interconnection networks hypercubes and k-ary n-cubes, but also data center network BCube, as well as some future networks. Connectivity and diagnosability of networks have garnered significant attention, as they suffice for analyzing and measuring networks' fault tolerance. This article focuses primarily on conditional connectivity and diagnosability under the good neighbor fault pattern. In this work, we explore the conditional connectivity and diagnosability (built on g-good neighbor fault pattern) of the f-dimensional r-order CRN under the PMC model and MM* model, respectively. These values are nearly g times greater than the traditional connectivity and diagnosability of CRNs, respectively, implying that they can further improve fault tolerance of CRNs. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the results can be effectively utilized in BCube and other future networks given that they are both subclasses of CRNs.

关键词： sustainable education development   statistical analysis   Industry 4.0   disrupting technologies   computing education  

摘要： With the appearance of Industry 4.0, the need for highly competent professionals in disruptive technologies and emerging intelligent computing is undeniable. In this way, education plays a crucial role in the success of sustainable development initiatives, as it must effectively integrate innovative practices, knowledge assurance, and new technologies. Thus, educational institutions must adjust the contents of their study plans to ensure that their graduates can successfully integrate into this constantly evolving work environment. In this paper, we present a study that identified how students at a computing research center perceived the relevance of the competencies and skills acquired during their studies to face the challenges of Industry 4.0. A survey was designed with 29 questions applied to a sample of 112 students of the Centro de Investigaci & oacute;n en Computaci & oacute;n, IPN. The results were analyzed statistically, and an inferential analysis concluded that the research hypothesis must be accepted. This study contributes to the global discussion on sustainable educational systems (SDG 4), demonstrating that student perception of their competencies for Industry 4.0 is mediated by integrating ethical and environmental principles in the curricula, a critical factor in Latin American contexts.