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关键词： code   computer science   creative productivity   talent development   technology  

摘要： As technologically gifted students apply their abilities to computer science, they naturally flow through the talent development stages of potential, competency, and expertise. Processes that have always been important for gifted students to learn as they develop potential are embedded in learning code, which engages the beginning programmer in rich and complex authentic projects (Housand et al., 2017). As stakeholders present opportunities for open-ended, creative processes and products, the Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA;2017) and International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE;2016) Standards can form guidelines for gifted students to self-direct their education through technology. Learning to code results in both cognitive and psychosocial skill development, including creative and critical thinking, logical and systematic reasoning, positive risk-taking and processing of feedback, perseverance through challenges, social skills, and collaboration. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： Programming   History   Computational modeling   Computer languages   Writing   Switches   Software   Computer science   computer programming   programming languages   high modernism   abstraction  

摘要： The purpose of this article is to historize the definition of computer science, particularly the characteristic ambiguity of the discipline toward the computer. This ambiguity is foundational to computer science and has its roots in the response of university computer centers to the commercialization of computing in the mid-1950s. University computing experts developed an understanding of the activity of computing disentangled from the computer itself, a conceptual shift that went together with a parallel process of dematerialization of the notion of computer. These transformations were facilitated by the ascendance of a high modernist agenda in the sciences in the United States. University computing experts embraced the high modernist agenda and developed analogies across programs, notations, and a notion of the computer now understood as a model of computation. This immaterial conflation of notations, programs, and representations of the machine, would become one of the core tenets of computer science.

关键词： gender   video games   STEM education   computer science   digital technology  

摘要： Informed by evidence that computing attitudes may be uniquely constructed in informal contexts and that the early teens are a key period for academic decision-making, we investigate lines of practice that connect computing skills, attitudes, and videogames. We compare the relationship between computer skill, computer efficacy, and activities associated with gaming using a data set of 3,868 children in middle school. The time that children spend gaming has very modest association with skill and efficacy. Accounting for the frequency with which children modify games, engage in social gaming activities, and the salience of gamer identity explains the gender gap in computer skill and significantly narrows the gender gap in computer efficacy. We find support for the argument that computer skill and efficacy are dependent on children connecting often isolated social contexts, a socially embedded characteristic of the digital divide.

关键词： algorithms   Black culture   digital culture   Netflix   platforms   recommendation   users  

摘要： In October of 2018, several Black Netflix users took to Twitter to air their grievances about images in movie thumbnails featuring Black actors with minor roles, even when the movie itself was a majority white cast. In response to these critiques, Netflix claimed that because users are not asked about their racial identity, it is impossible to personalize the individual Netflix experience using identity markers. This article explores the interplay between algorithmic cultures and representations of race, examining the identity and voices of users and how their agency is affected within algorithmic systems. Users are seeking agentic traction in these algorithmic spaces, and this research begins to address how Black users are positioning themselves to make sense of the digital constraints placed on them. Black subscribers of Netflix heavily critiqued the algorithms used to advertise content to them, and I examine how Netflix constructs Black users as Black subjects in order to keep them engaged with the platform.

关键词： Age awareness   Aging anxiety   Meaning in life   Psychological distress   Terror management theory  

摘要： Aging anxiety has been linked with negative psychological and physical consequences. However, little is known about the association between aging anxiety, meaning in life, and psychological distress among middle-aged adults. Accordingly, the current study examines the links between these constructs among this age-group. Moreover, in light of the importance of age as a cognitive category for one's self-perception, we examined the moderating role of age awareness for the aforementioned links. A convenience sample of 309 adults (age range 40-65, M = 53.92, SD = 7.38) filled out scales assessing aging anxiety, meaning in life, psychological distress, and age awareness, together with various sociodemographic scales. Results demonstrated that aging anxiety was associated with reduced meaning in life and increased psychological distress. Moreover, meaning in life mediated the aging anxiety-psychological distress link, and this mediation was moderated by age awareness. The results are discussed from the perspective of Terror Management Theory, and clinical implications are suggested.

关键词： Women in computer science   COVID-19   Work-family conflict   Women in STEM   Gender   Academia  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for college faculty, with evidence that it has the potential to exacerbate pre-pandemic gender inequities in work demands (Tugend, 2020). The impact of the pandemic may be particularly difficult for women in male-dominated STEM fields such as computer science that pose additional challenges and had high attrition rates among women faculty pre-pandemic (NSF, 2019;Weisgram & Diekman, 2017). The present study examined the mechanisms through which gender may have implications for changes in turnover intentions due to the pandemic among computer science faculty, with a focus on changes in work-family conflict and workplace attitudes. A total of 317 tenure-line and non-tenure line computer science faculty across the U.S. (54.26% women, 49.84% tenured) completed a survey that included items examining whether the pandemic changed work-family conflict, work-related attitudes (job satisfaction, sense of belonging, burnout), and turnover intentions. Results of analyses indicated that identifying as a woman indirectly predicted larger increases in turnover intentions due to the pandemic, through increased work-family conflict, burnout at work, and decreased feelings of job satisfaction. The results suggest that the pandemic has the potential to increase women's attrition from computer science faculty positions, further exacerbating their underrepresentation.

关键词： Sequences   Databases   Computer science   Feature extraction   Set theory   Learning systems   Itemsets   Constraint   negative sequential candidates (NSCs)   negative sequential patterns (NSPs)   nonoccurring behaviors (NOBs)  

摘要： The sequence analysis handles sequential discrete events and behaviors, which can be represented by temporal point processes (TPPs). However, TPP models only occurring events and behaviors. This article explores an efficient method for the negative sequential pattern (NSP) mining to leverage TPP in modeling both frequently occurring and nonoccurring events and behaviors. NSP mining is good at the challenging \ modeling of nonoccurrences of events and behaviors and their combinations with occurring events, with existing methods built on incorporating various constraints into NSP representations, e.g., simplifying NSP formulations and reducing computational costs. Such constraints restrict the flexibility of NSPs, and nonoccurring behaviors (NOBs) cannot be comprehensively exposed. This article addresses this issue by loosening some inflexible constraints in NSP mining and solves a series of consequent challenges. First, we provide a new definition of negative containment with the set theory according to the loose constraints. Second, an efficient method quickly calculates the supports of negative sequences. Our method only uses the information about the corresponding positive sequential patterns (PSPs) and avoids additional database scans. Finally, a novel and efficient algorithm, NegI-NSP, is proposed to efficiently identify highly valuable NSPs. Theoretical analyses, comparisons, and experiments on four synthetic and two real-life data sets clearly show that NegI-NSP can efficiently discover more useful NOBs.

关键词： Machine learning   Deep learning   IoT   Human activity recognition   Computer science   Data science  

摘要： The use of wearable devices, sensors, machine learning, and deep learning for human activity recognition (HAR) applications has increased in recent years. Lots of researchers introduce different methods and techniques for HAR but accuracy and efficiency are still a gap to work in the HAR domain for other researchers. In this study, we design a simple architecture of MLP with a stack of dense layers which can perform accurately and efficiently on small and large features set for HAR. This study used a dataset that contain smartphone sensors (gyroscope and accelerometer) data against six daily human activities. Each sensor has three feature values corresponding to an instance for an activity. First, we train our proposed model individually on gyroscope and accelerometer data and then we combine both sensors data to train the model. We train the model using 70% of the dataset and evaluate the performance of the model on 30% data. MLP outperforms all other stat of the art models in comparison such as random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, and K nearest neighbor. The MLP accuracy scores are 0.74, 0.77, and 0.98 using features of gyroscope, accelerometer, and combination of both respectively. The results show that the proposed approach is also good with single sensor data. In comparison with the proposed MLP, we also deployed state-of-the-art models such as LSTM, CNN, and other machine learning models. Proposed MLP outperforms all used models in terms of all evaluation parameters. We also did a statistical T-test to show the significance of the proposed approach.

关键词： Resumes   Interviews   Computer science   Personnel   Knowledge engineering   Industries   Training   Computer science (CS) education   resumes   student experiments  

摘要： Contribution: This study identifies which entry-level computer science (CS) resume items are most important and compares the ratings of student and recruiter participants to investigate the accuracy of student beliefs. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to analyze the extent to which CS students understand the resume screening process. The results of this have consequences for students in their own resume development. Background: Although prior research studies the importance of different resume items generally, little is known about resumes for CS majors, which may contain distinctive sections. Less still is known about whether students understand the resume screening process. Research Questions: Which items on entry-level CS resumes most directly influence screening decisions? What gaps exist between CS students' and recruiters' perceptions of resume items? Does the disparity in expertise between students and recruiters contribute to differences in resume screening? Methodology: 197 recruiters and 73 CS undergraduates screened randomized CS resumes. Data were analyzed using ordinary least-squares regression with interactions. Findings: Students were more likely than recruiters to move resumes to the next level and spent about 7 s less than recruiters when screening resumes. Though students correctly assessed the value of most resume items, they significantly overestimated the value of prior work experience such as internships.

关键词： Computer science   Machine learning  

摘要： Researchers are excited about the AI - but many are frustrated that its underlying engineering is cloaked in secrecy.