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关键词： Three-dimensional displays   Computer science   Games   Backtracking   Two dimensional displays   Three-dimensional printing   Steganography   cell   grid   minigrid   mini-cube   puzzle   sudoku  

摘要： Sudoku is a complicated multidimensional mathematical structure with several applications in various computer science domains. 3D Sudoku, compared to 2D, has one more dimension that can potentially provide an extra edge in the field of different application areas. Several researchers have developed various types of 2D Sudoku solvers using different methodologies. However, there is very limited research in the area of developing 3D Sudoku solvers. Thus, two different solvers for solving 3D Sudoku puzzles of size 9 x 9x9 are proposed in this work. Both solvers provide all possible solutions for solving a 3D Sudoku puzzle. 2D Sudoku puzzles are applied in different research domains with different purposes. Recently, 3D structure of Sudoku has been applied in several areas to achieve more effectiveness compared to 2D Sudoku. Additionally, it can also be used to solve problems in 3D space. Again, solving an NP-complete puzzle by considering its 3D structure is a challenging job. Thus, we endeavoured to achieve all probable solutions for a 3D Sudoku instance in this work. In the first version of our proposed algorithm, all possible values for each blank cell are computed and stored. Subsequently, a few elimination-based methods are used to reduce the number of probable values (if possible) for each blank cell. Finally, the solutions are computed using the backtracking method. In the second version of our proposed algorithm, the nine 2D Sudoku puzzles, lying in the xz-plane one above the other, which form the 3D puzzle are fed as the input. All possible solutions are obtained for each of the nine puzzles. Then, the obtained solutions are mapped to achieve one or more solutions for the 3D Sudoku instance. Thus, our proposed techniques provide a new approach for solving 3D Sudoku. In addition, applying the obtained solutions provides us with an advantage over 2D Sudoku, in solving problems in the 3D space and where more data is required.

关键词： Filling   Guidelines   Visualization   W3C   Usability   Prototypes   Computer science   Visual impairment   Web services   Web design   Blindness   Accessibility   framework   screen reader   visually impaired   web form  

摘要： Due to the growth in the number of Internet users and the services provided by websites, making websites accessible to everyone has become necessary. Web forms play a crucial role in collecting information from users to provide services. Despite the increasing number of visually impaired users, with the World Health Organization reporting at least two billion people globally with vision impairments, website developers still fail to adhere to web accessibility guidelines, making it difficult, if not impossible, for visually impaired individuals to easily fill out web forms. This study introduces the Web Form Accessibility Framework for the Visually Impaired (WAFI). By using WAFI, web form developers can create more accessible web forms for visually impaired users, enabling them to fill out forms faster, easier, and with fewer errors. WAFI is designed with components that encompass all necessary aspects for building an accessible web form. The framework was thoroughly evaluated by experts and tested with a sample of visually impaired users. They were asked to fill out two web forms: AWF, which followed WAFI, and IWF, which did not. The results clearly demonstrate that AWF was submitted faster and with fewer errors than IWF. Based on the evaluation and testing outcomes, the framework underwent further refinement, leading to the production of the final framework. It is hoped that WAFI will significantly improve web form development and enhance the overall experience of visually impaired users.

关键词： Clothing   Image color analysis   Feature extraction   Degradation   Computer science   Adversarial machine learning   Skeleton   Person re-identification   auxiliary-free   cloth-changing   competitive strategy  

摘要： Recent person Re-IDentification (ReID) systems have been challenged by changes in personnel clothing, leading to the study of Cloth-Changing person ReID (CC-ReID). Commonly used techniques involve incorporating auxiliary information (e.g., body masks, gait, skeleton, and keypoints) to accurately identify the target pedestrian. However, the effectiveness of these methods heavily relies on the quality of auxiliary information and comes at the cost of additional computational resources, ultimately increasing system complexity. This paper focuses on achieving CC-ReID by effectively leveraging the information concealed within the image. To this end, we introduce an Auxiliary-free Competitive IDentification (ACID) model. It achieves a win-win situation by enriching the identity (ID)-preserving information conveyed by the appearance and structure features while maintaining holistic efficiency. In detail, we build a hierarchical competitive strategy that progressively accumulates meticulous ID cues with discriminating feature extraction at the global, channel, and pixel levels during model inference. After mining the hierarchical discriminative clues for appearance and structure features, these enhanced ID-relevant features are crosswise integrated to reconstruct images for reducing intra-class variations. Finally, by combing with self- and cross-ID penalties, the ACID is trained under a generative adversarial learning framework to effectively minimize the distribution discrepancy between the generated data and real-world data. Experimental results on four public cloth-changing datasets (i.e., PRCC-ReID, VC-Cloth, LTCC-ReID, and Celeb-ReID) demonstrate the proposed ACID can achieve superior performance over state-of-the-art methods. The code is available soon at: https://***/BoomShakaY/WinCC-ReID.

关键词： Security   Computer science   Reliability   Monitoring   Delay effects   Detection algorithms   Bandwidth   Connected vehicles   Intermittently connected networks   delay tolerant networks   packet drops attack   fake packet attacks   misbehaving node   selective packet drop attacks  

摘要： Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are a special category of IntermittentlyConnectedNetworks (ICNs). It has features such as long-delay, frequent-disruption, asymmetrical-data-rates, and high-bundle-error-rates. DTNs have been mainly developed for planet-to-planet networks, commonly known as Inter-Planetary-Networks (IPNs). However, DTNs have shown undimmed potency in challenged communication networks, such as DakNet, ZebraNet, KioskNet and WiderNet. Due to unique characteristics (Intermittent-connectivity and long-delay) DTNs face tough/several challenges in various research areas i.e bundle-forwarding, key-distribution, privacy, bundle-fragmentation, and malicious/selfish nodes particularly. Malicious/selfish nodes launch various catastrophic attacks, this includes, fake packet attacks, selective packet drops attacks, and denial-of-service/flood attacks. These attacks inevitably consume limited resources (persistent-buffer and bandwidth) in DTNs. Fake-packet and selective-packet-drops attacks are top among the challenging attacks in ICNs. The focus of this article is on critical analyses of fake-packet and selective-packet-drops attacks. The panoramic view on misbehavior nodes mitigation algorithms are analyzed, and evaluated mathematically through several parameters for detection probability/accuracy. This article presents a novel algorithm to detects/mitigates fake-packet and selective-packet-drops attacks. The proposed algorithm uses Merkle-Hash-Tree to detects the aforementioned attacks. The proposed algorithm added root hash along with all packets, when the malicious nodes drop packets or inject fake packets, the algorithm detects malicious nodes. Moreover, trace-driven simulation results show the proposed algorithm of this article accurately (enhanced detection-accuracy, enhanced packet delivery/packet loss ratios, and reduces false-positive/false-negative rates) detects malicious nodes which launch fake-packet and selective-packet-drops attacks, unli

关键词： Virtual summer camp   Learning programs   Intersectional representation   Learning   Attitudes  

摘要： Several studies have focused on how in-person informal CS learning programs like summer camps and after-school programs impact Black girls' intent to persist in Computer Science; however, virtual informal CS learning programs remain to be studied. This mixed-methods study uses Intersectional Computing and Social Cognitive Career Theory to examine the impact of four virtual CS summer camps on Black middle school girls' intent to persist in CS. Key to the approach of the camps is the recognition that intersectional representation in the camp's community of attendees, teachers, and guest speakers and the content fosters confidence for Black girls in computing. Findings of a pre-and post-survey study of 108 camp attendees show that participating in the camps increased computing confidence and outcome expectations among Black girls at the camps. Semi-structured interviews (n=10) revealed how Black girls' intersectional identities influence their attitudes towards learning CS, both in-person at school and virtually at camp. Implications will help expand or improve virtual informal CS experiences for Black girls to reduce the barriers that may prevent them from learning CS at an early age.

关键词： Computer science  

ISBN: (数字)9781394184705;9781394184712 ISBN: (纸本)9781394184699

摘要： The coming of the AI revolution in brick-and-mortar retail In AI for Retail: A Practical Guide to Modernize Your Retail Business with AI and Automation, Francois Chaubard, AI researcher and retail technology CEO, delivers a practical guide for integrating AI into your brick-and-mortar retail business. In the book, you’ll learn how to make your business more efficient by automating inventory management, supply chain, front-end, merchandising, pricing, loss prevention, e-commerce processes, and more. The author takes you step by step from no AI Strategy at all to implementing a robust AI playbook that will permeate through your entire organization. In this book, you will learn:

• How AI works, including key terminology and fundamental AI applications in retail
• How AI can be applied to the major functions of retail with detailed P&L analysis of each application
• How to implement an AI strategy across your entire business to double or even triple Free Cash Flow

AI for Retail is the comprehensive, hands-on blueprint for AI adoption that retail managers, executives, founders, entrepreneurs, board members, and other business leaders have been waiting for.

关键词： Afrique postcoloniale   Alioune Diop   FESTAC   Intellectuels africains  

摘要： Résumé L'éviction d'Alioune Diop du Deuxième Festival Mondial des Arts Négro-Africains (FESTAC), qui constitue l'un des événements les plus importants ayant marqué ce festival, ne se comprend que si l'on en étend le contexte au-delà du Nigéria. Pour cela, il faut aussi élargir le champ d'investigation de la recherche archivistique. C'est dans cette mesure que se révèle l'importance des archives de l'UNESCO et de Présence Africaine, et qu'il apparaît que cette éviction est d'abord un événement indépendant qui a ses propres conséquences sur le plan historique. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the African Studies Association.

关键词： Internet of Things   Smart cities   Privacy   Switches   Distribution functions   Computer science   Wearable computers   IoT   privacy-preservation   differential privacy   distribution   SDN  

摘要： In today's world, everything is connected via the Internet. Smart cities are one application of the Internet of Things (IoT) that is aimed at making city management more efficient and effective. However, IoT devices within a smart city may collect sensitive information. Protecting sensitive information requires maintaining privacy. Existing smart city solutions have been shown not to offer effective privacy protection. We propose a novel continuous method called Differential Privacy-Preserving Smart City (DPSmartCity). When the IoT device produces sensitive data, it applies differential privacy techniques as a privacy-preserving method that uses Laplace distributions or exponential distributions. The controller receives the perturbed data and forwards it to the SDN. SDN controllers eventually send the data to the cloud for further analysis. Accordingly, if the data is not sensitive, it is directly uploaded to the cloud. In this way, DPSmartCity provides a dynamic environment from the point of view of privacy preservation. As a result, adversaries are unable to easily compromise the privacy of the devices. The solution incurs at most 10-18% overhead on IoT devices. Our solution can therefore be used for IoT devices that are capable of handling this overhead.

关键词： Databases   Cryptography   Cloud computing   Computer science   Query processing   Protocols   Outsourcing   Secure skyline queries   encrypted databases   secure outsourcing   cloud computing  

摘要： The well-known benefits of cloud computing have spurred the popularity of database service outsourcing, where one can resort to the cloud to conveniently store and query databases. Coming with such popular trend is the threat to data privacy, as the cloud gains access to the databases and queries which may contain sensitive information, like medical or financial data. A large body of work has been presented for querying encrypted databases, which has been mostly focused on secure keyword search. In this paper, we instead focus on the support for secure skyline query processing over encrypted outsourced databases, where little work has been done. Skyline query is an advanced kind of database query which is important for multi-criteria decision-making systems and applications. We propose SecSkyline, a new system framework building on lightweight cryptography for fast privacy-preserving skyline queries. SecSkyline ambitiously provides strong protection for not only the content confidentiality of the outsourced database, the query, and the result, but also for data patterns that may incur indirect data leakages, such as dominance relationships among data points and search access patterns. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SecSkyline is substantially superior to the state-of-the-art in query latency, with up to $813\times$813x improvement.

关键词： Drones   Supply chains   Task analysis   Optimization   Computer science   Industries   STEM   Monitoring   Logistics   Algorithms   delivery   drones   logistics   monitoring   supply chain   path-select   optimization  

摘要： The integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and location-tracking technologies has revolutionized our daily lives by enhancing the functionality of logistical services. However, these advancements have also placed significant pressure on the current supply networks and have impeded further growth within the logistics industry. This article presents an inventive logistic supply chain solution utilizing drone-based delivery to tackle the logistic supply chain issues. The proposed solution goal is to minimize the maximum required time to finish all assigned delivery tasks. A set of sophisticated algorithms was developed based on the combination of dispatching rule, randomization, and iterative methods to optimize the performance of the supply chain processes and effectively accomplish the aim of time savings. The deployed system enables the management of a larger volume of shipments and increases the efficiency of logistic supply chain management. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can decrease the maximum duration required to complete the delivery operations assigned to the drones in 1520 cases. The algorithm that exhibited the highest level of performance was the MID algorithm, which attained a staggering percentage of 87.7%, an average deviation from the optimal solution of 0.001, and an execution time of 0.0215 s. Moreover, after comparing their outputs, the MID algorithm was determined to outperform the top two algorithms in the literature.