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关键词： Computer Science   Logic in Computer Science  

摘要： A linear inference is a valid inequality of Boolean algebra in which each variable occurs at most once on each side. In this work we leverage recently developed graphical representations of linear formulae to build an implementation that is capable of more efficiently searching for switch-medial -independent inferences. We use it to find four 'minimal' 8-variable independent inferences and also prove that no smaller ones exist;in contrast, a previous approach based directly on formulae reached computational limits already at 7 variables. Two of these new inferences derive some previously found independent linear inferences. The other two (which are dual) exhibit structure seemingly beyond the scope of previous approaches we are aware of;in particular, their existence contradicts a conjecture of Das and Strassburger. We were also able to identify 10 minimal 9-variable linear inferences independent of all the aforementioned inferences, comprising 5 dual pairs, and present applications of our implementation to recent 'graph logics'.

关键词： Social networking (online)   Mathematical models   Computer science   Predictive models   Market research   Behavioral sciences   Aging   Temporal bipartite networks   ranking   popularity prediction  

摘要： One of the big challenges of our modern life is to find the right items or contents on the Internet and particularly in social media. One way of addressing the information overload problem in social media is to predict the future trends and popularity of online items. The popularity of an item can be measured by its attractiveness, i.e., the number of times it is being used. This popularity prediction can be translated to a link prediction and ranking problem, which aims to predict the link gain of the items in a user-item interaction network. User-item interactions in an online environment can be modelled as a bipartite network, where a link represents an event, reflecting a user buys or collects an item. Popularity prediction problem in temporal bipartite networks is of great interest to researchers. In this study, we propose a heuristic based model which only consider nodes collective link gain in a recent past time window of time as well as total link gain. To evaluate our model's efficiency, we tested them on co-evolving social media items. We also evaluated the models' performance on five information retrieval metrics (i.e., Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic, Kendall's rank correlation tau, Precision, Novelty, and temporal novelty). The proposed model does not need hyper-parameter learning, which makes it the best choice for highly temporal and data streaming scenarios.

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关键词： Smart contracts   algorithmic stablecoin   financial stability   DeFi   cryptocurrency  

摘要： Computer science uses abstractions as a tool for reasoning. It is no surprise that computer science might have something valuable to lend to the world of decentralized stablecoin design, as it is a "computing" problem. In this paper, we examine the possibility of a decentralized and capital-efficient stablecoin using smart contracts that algorithmically trade to maintain stability. By exploiting traditional abstractions from computer science, we show that a capital-efficient algorithmic stablecoin cannot be provably stable. Additionally, we provide a formal exposition of the workings of Central Bank Digital Currencies, connecting this framing to the space of possible stablecoin designs. We then discuss several outstanding conjectures from both academics and practitioners and finally highlight the regulatory similarities between money-market funds and working stablecoins. Our work builds upon the current and growing interplay between the realms of engineering and financial services, and it also demonstrates how ways of thinking as a computer scientist can aid practitioners. We believe this research is vital for understanding and developing the future of financial technology.

关键词： Adaptation models   Training   Task analysis   Labeling   Computer science   Kernel   Feature extraction   Crowd counting   multi-head parallel network   need only one more point   perspective-adaptive  

摘要： Recently, solving the crowd counting problem under occlusion and complex perspective is a hot but difficult topic. Existing methods mainly constructed counters in parallel perspective, but when facing complex perspective, such as the influences of height difference and heavy occlusions, they fail to get good accuracy. To alleviate these problems, this work proposes a novel and interesting framework NOOMP (Need Only One More Point) for perspective adaptation crowd counting task in complex nature scenes. Firstly, this work considers that the common scenes in our daily life usually have the height difference, which brings complex perspective to crowd counting. So, a new labeled method, Absolute-geometry Gaussian Generation is proposed, which only needs one more point for each person in image and gets better accuracy. Secondly, the NOOMP framework consists of meta-learning structure and uses the few-shot way to train the counting model, which can implement the perspective adaptation effective and solve the problem of high label cost. Thirdly, for fitting the characteristic of few-shot learning, this work proposes a new Multi-head Parallel Network (MPNet) for NOOMP. The feature of crowd is extracted by MPNet, which is a hybrid structure composed of shallow network and deep network. This network can save the features of shallow network and the deeper network effectively, which makes MPNet performs well in NOOMP. In addition, this work collects a new dataset, named Multiple Height Differences in Mall (MHDM) for NOOMP, which contains images of different views and height differences from shopping malls and supermarkets. Experiments based on MHDM and other benchmarks show that the NOOMP has good performances in model accuracy and works well for solving perspective change problem.

关键词： 翻译   《计算机科学与技术在不同领域的应用》   文本类型理论  

摘要： 计算机科学技术的发展给人们的生活和工作带来了极大的便利,越来越多的人开始对计算机学习产生浓厚兴趣。对计算机科学与技术领域的最新研究成果及其应用进行译介,可以为计算机领域的学习者和使用者提供参考。本次翻译选取了Adele Kuzmiakova编写的《计算机科学与技术在不同领域的应用》前三章作为源文本。文本主要介绍了人机交互的起源与发展,计算机科学与技术在医学和商业领域的广泛应用。本报告首先对本次翻译任务的背景、目的、任务意义、运用的指导理论、文本内容以及翻译过程进行了简要概述。然后重点分析翻译的难点和相应的翻译方法。从纽马克的文本类型理论分析来看,源文本属于信息型文本,因此翻译总体原则是准确地传达信息。语言要简洁明了,从而达到交际效果。Ant Conc分析表明,文本中存在大量术语和被动句,这是翻译的难点。术语的翻译主要采用了直译、零译等方法;对于被动句的翻译,汉译可以使用被动句、主动句、无主句和判断句等。在语篇层面,以实现语篇的连贯和衔接为原则进行翻译。文本类型理论对科技文本翻译具有重要指导意义。需确保专业词汇翻译准确统一,句子通顺流畅,语篇连贯且符合译入语表达习惯。希望本翻译报告能够为未来译者提供人机交互的原理中的部分术语及译法,同时也为被动句的翻译提供参考。

关键词： Computer scientists   Diversity   Education   Gender gap   Racial gap   Sense of belonging  

摘要： While significant advancements in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are at the forefront of society, there continues to be a considerable gender and racial gap in the advancement of women of color in these fields (Espinosa, 2011; Ong et al., 2011; Shein, 2018). Low completion rates are even greater when looking at Black and Latina women in computer science (CS). This phenomenological study examined how the academic and social experiences of nine Black and Latina women computer science students shaped their journeys and sense of belonging as developing computer scientists. This study drew upon two interviews and journal entries to unpack how this group of women of color is experiencing their journeys through CS at Rutgers. I used Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Strayhorn’s (2012, 2018) model for sense of belonging for STEM students as frameworks for interpreting the experiences of women of color and what may lead to attrition or unwelcome environments. The findings of this study depict an isolating experience for Black and Latina students in CS. These students faced racist and sexist comments from their peers, which deeply impacted their ability to feel connected. They were conscious of their status as the “only one,” which hindered their ability to develop a sense of belonging. To counteract these feelings, many of the participants found solace in women-centric programming, including a Computer Science Living-Learning Community. Some critical recommendations include funding women-centric intervention programs, implementing inclusive hiring practices to hire more women in CS leadership positions, and building a working group of faculty and staff to examine the issues in the local context. The paper begins with the statement of the problem and social context. Next, I review relevant literature that examines the lack of women of color in STEM and CS. Following the literature review, I describe the methods and findings. Finally, I conclude with imp

关键词： Blockchains   Consensus algorithm   Interoperability   Consensus protocol   Protocols   Computer science   Systematics   Blockchain   consensus algorithm   interoperability   cross-chain transactions   architecture   operational issues   applications   research directions  

摘要： Recently, Blockchain-based applications have become immensely popular because of limited reliance on a single entity, unlike a centralized system. However, reaching a consensus among blockchain networks is a challenging and vital aspect of blockchain-based applications. There are various types of blockchain networks for different kinds of application scenarios. Among all of them, the consensus algorithm is the most crucial part of reaching an agreement in the complex blockchain network. Over the years, researchers have focused on dealing with the challenges like distributed computing, storage, transaction speed, security, validity, interoperability, and many more. However, only some of them are appropriate for all domains. Therefore, this paper presents an extensive study of different types of consensus protocols used in existing blockchain solutions with the strength and limitations of each algorithm. We also provide an inherent comparison among different algorithms to understand consensus protocol selection better. Moreover, we investigate operational and interoperability issues in existing blockchain-based applications to understand challenges and provide recommendations for future developers.

关键词： Computer Science   Engineering & Technology  

ISBN: (数字)9788770227810 ISBN: (纸本)9788770227827

摘要： As the world enters the era of big data, there is a serious need to give a semantic perspective to the data in order to find unseen patterns, derive meaningful information, and make intelligent decisions. Semantic technologies offer the richest machine-interpretable (rather than just machine-processable) and explicit semantics that are being extensively used in various domains and industries. These technologies reduce the problem of large semantic loss in the process of modelling knowledge, and provide sharable, reusable knowledge, and a common understanding of the knowledge. As a result, the interoperability and interconnectivity of the model make it priceless for addressing the issues of querying data. These technologies work with the concepts and relations that are very close to the working of the human brain. They provide a semantic representation of any data format: unstructured or semi-structured. As a consequence, data becomes real-world entity rather than a string of characters. For these reasons, semantic technologies are highly valuable tools to simplify the existing problems of the industry leading to new opportunities. However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed to make industrial applications and machines smarter. This book aims to provide a roadmap for semantic technologies and highlights the role of these technologies in industry. The book also explores the present and future prospects of these semantic technologies along with providing answers to various questions like: Are semantic technologies useful for the next era (industry 4.0)? Why are semantic technologies so popular and extensively used in the industry? Can semantic technologies make intelligent industrial applications? Which type of problem requires the immediate attention of researchers? Why are semantic technologies very helpful in people’s future lives? This book will potentially serve as an important guide towards the latest industrial applications of semantic technolog

关键词： Statistically significant   Engineering   Gender differences   Leadership   STEM  

摘要： The purpose of this quantitative pilot research study was to determine if a statistically significant difference exists between the leadership styles of men and women in leadership roles in the engineering and computer science fields. Data were obtained from 44 leaders working in the engineering and computer science fields. Using Bass’ Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), respondents were given 44 statements related to leadership styles and rated their agreement with the statement from 0 to 4 with 0 being not at all and 4 being frequently if not always. Their responses were analyzed to determine the leadership styles of male and female leaders. Demographic information was also collected. Respondents rated themselves using a Likert scale and responding to 44 statements that related to leadership attributes. MLQ groups these statements into idealized influence (attributed), idealized influence (behaviors), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration, contingent reward, management by exception (active), and management by exception (passive). These attributes were then grouped together into the leadership styles transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire. Analysis of the data showed that there was not a statistically significant difference among genders with regards to their leadership style. A small sample size may have contributed to these results. While a statistically significant difference was not found among genders, it does not mean that one does not exist. Further studies are warranted to examine reasons a gender gap exists among leaders within the computer science and engineering fields. The research findings in this study are an important contribution to the body of research regarding gender differences in leadership. The findings can be used to further support efforts in closing the gender gap in the STEM fields by demonstrating differences in genders and supporting methods to further support females in these fi