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关键词： fungal genetics   gene annotation   Pestalotiopsis neglecta   phytopathogenic fungus  

摘要： Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta. From the diseased pine needles collected in Honghuaerji, the P. neglecta strain YJ-3 was isolated and identified as the phytopathogen, and its culture characteristics were studied. Then, we generated a highly contiguous 48.36-Mbp genome assembly (N50 = 6.62 Mbp) of the P. neglecta strain YJ-3 by combining the PacBio RS II Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) and Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platforms. The results showed that a total of 13,667 protein-coding genes were predicted and annotated using multiple bioinformatics databases. The genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen-host interaction.

关键词： deep learning   feature extraction   computer science  

摘要： In this paper, a network consisting of an object localization module and a discriminative feature extraction module is designed for fine-grained image retrieval (FGIR). In order to reduce the interference of complex backgrounds, the object localization module is introduced into the network before feature extraction. By selecting the convolutional feature descriptors, the main object is separated from the background, and thus, most of the interference is filtered out. Further, in order to improve the overall performance of the network, a discriminative filter bank is introduced into the network as the local feature detector. Hence, the local discriminative features can be extracted directly from the original feature map. The experimental results based on the CUB-200-2011 and Cars-196 datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the performance of FGIR.

关键词： Computer science   Human behaviour   Information technology  

摘要： Adaptive algorithms have been linked to terrorist attacks and beneficial social movements. Governing them requires new science on collective human–algorithm behaviour.

关键词： Electrical and electronic engineering   Computer science  

摘要： Analog deep neural networks (DNNs) provide a promising solution, especially for deployment on resource-limited platforms, for example in mobile settings. However, the practicability of analog DNNs has been limited by their instability due to multi-factor reasons from manufacturing, thermal noise, etc. Here, we present a theoretically guaranteed noise injection approach to improve the robustness of analog DNNs without any hardware modifications or sacrifice of accuracy, which proves that within a certain range of parameter perturbations, the prediction results would not change. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithmic framework can outperform state-of-the-art methods on tasks including image classification, object detection, and large-scale point cloud object detection in autonomous driving by a factor of 10 to 100. Together, our results may serve as a way to ensure the robustness of analog deep neural network systems, especially for safety-critical applications.

关键词： Citation analysis   Systematic reviews   Computer and information sciences   Metaanalysis   Scientific misconduct   Archives   Database searching   Cellular neuroscience  

摘要： ContextThe retraction of research papers, for whatever reason, is a growing phenomenon. However, although retracted paper information is publicly available via publishers, it is somewhat distributed and inconsistent. ObjectiveThe aim is to assess: (i) the extent and nature of retracted research in Computer Science (CS) (ii) the post-retraction citation behaviour of retracted works and (iii) the potential impact upon systematic reviews and mapping studies. MethodWe analyse the Retraction Watch database and take citation information from the Web of Science and Google scholar. ResultsWe find that of the 33,955 entries in the Retraction watch database (16 May 2022), 2,816 are classified as CS, i.e., approximate to 8%. For CS, 56% of retracted papers provide little or no information as to the reasons. This contrasts with 26% for other disciplines. There is also some disparity between different publishers, a tendency for multiple versions of a retracted paper to be available beyond the Version of Record (VoR), and for new citations long after a paper is officially retracted (median = 3;maximum = 18). Systematic reviews are also impacted with approximate to 30% of the retracted papers having one or more citations from a review. ConclusionsUnfortunately, retraction seems to be a sufficiently common outcome for a scientific paper that we as a research community need to take it more seriously, e.g., standardising procedures and taxonomies across publishers and the provision of appropriate research tools. Finally, we recommend particular caution when undertaking secondary analyses and meta-analyses which are at risk of becoming contaminated by these problem primary studies.

摘要： This paper aims to provide an understanding of the basis for conducting a research with output in the form of scientific publications. A study, from proposal to scientific works, requires a research methodology. Many studies have been carried out on methodology, but few have returned according to the demands of the digitalization era. A methodology is in a fundamental position, also in computer science. The methodology familiarizes phenomena and paradigms with which objectives as interpretations of the problem formulation can be delivered to the target or outcome. That are, from concept until theory, the implication only, or as application of computer science.

关键词： Computer science   Information technology   Quantum information  

摘要： We study the limits of bipartite entanglement distribution using a chain of quantum repeaters that have quantum memories. To generate end-to-end entanglement, each node can attempt the generation of an entangled link with a neighbor, or perform an entanglement swapping measurement. A maximum storage time, known as cutoff, is enforced on the memories to ensure high-quality entanglement. Nodes follow a policy that determines when to perform each operation. Global-knowledge policies take into account all the information about the entanglement already produced. Here, we find global-knowledge policies that minimize the expected time to produce end-to-end entanglement. Our methods are based on Markov decision processes and value and policy iteration. We compare optimal policies to a policy in which nodes only use local information. We find that the advantage in expected delivery time provided by an optimal global-knowledge policy increases with increasing number of nodes and decreasing probability of successful swapping.

关键词： Computational biology and bioinformatics   Computer science   Software  

摘要： Computational environments and the tools to manage them can help researchers to deliver code that is reproducible, documented and shareable.

关键词： Students  

摘要： Debugging-finding and fixing bugs in code-is a heterogeneous process that shapes novice learners' self-beliefs and motivation in computing. Our Debugging by Design intervention (DbD) provocatively puts students in control over bugs by having them collaborate on designing creative buggy projects during an electronic textiles unit in an introductory computing course. We implemented DbD virtually in eight classrooms with two teachers in public schools with historically marginalized populations, using a quasi-experimental design. Data from this study included post-activity results from a validated survey instrument (N=144). For all students, project completion correlated with increased computer science creative expression and e-textiles coding self-efficacy. In the comparison classes, project completion correlated with reduced programming anxiety, problem-solving competency beliefs, and programming self-concept. In DbD classes, project completion is uniquely correlated with increased fascination with design and programming growth mindset. In the discussion, we consider the relative benefits of DbD versus other open-ended projects. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Brain   Careers   Computer science   Machine learning   Neuroscience