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关键词： liquid-culture method   solid-culture method   Salmonella Typhimurium   resistance   control methods   low-a(w) food  

摘要： The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the culture method on the resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium in low water activity foods to storage, plasma, and dry heat. Whole black peppers were used as the model food. S. Typhimurium cultured in liquid broth (tryptic soy broth) or solid agar (tryptic soy agar) and inoculated on whole black pepper was stored or treated with cold plasma or dry heat. Inactivation of S. Typhimurium cultured in liquid medium was higher in all the treatments. Liquid-cultured S. Typhimurium showed higher DPPP = O (diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine oxide) values compared to the solid-cultured S. Typhimurium after plasma or dry heat treatment. Furthermore, the unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid ratio (USFA/SFA) was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced from 0.41 to 0.29 when S. Typhimurium was cultured on solid agar. These results suggested that the use of food-borne pathogens cultured on solid agar is more suitable for low water activity food pasteurization studies.

关键词： Computer science   Worldwide web   Information science  

摘要： Social media and online navigation bring us enjoyable experiences in accessing in-formation, and simultaneously create information cocoons (ICs) in which we are unconsciously trapped with limited and biased information. We provide a formal definition of IC in the scenario of online navigation. Subsequently, by analyzing real recommendation networks extracted from Science, PNAS, and Amazon web -sites, and testing mainstream algorithms in disparate recommender systems, we demonstrate that similarity-based recommendation techniques result in ICs, which suppress the system navigability by hundreds of times. We further propose a flexible recommendation strategy that addresses the IC-induced problem and improves retrieval accuracy in navigation, which are demonstrated by simulations on real data and online experiments on the largest video website in China. This paper quantifies the challenge of ICs in recommender systems and presents a viable solution, which offer insights into the industrial design of algorithms, future scientific studies, as well as policy making.

关键词： Students  

摘要： There is a growing movement in undergraduate computer science (CS) programs to embed ethics across CS classes rather than relying solely on standalone ethics courses. One strategy is creating assignments that encourage students to reflect on ethical issues inherent to the code they write. Building off prior work that has surveyed students after doing such assignments in class, we conducted focus groups with students who reviewed a new introductory ethics-based CS assignment. In this experience report, we present a case study describing our process of designing an ethics-based assignment and proposing the assignment to students for feedback. Participants in our focus groups not only shared feedback on the assignment, but also on the integration of ethics into coding assignments in general, revealing the benefits and challenges of this work from a student perspective. We also generated novel ethics-oriented assignment concepts alongside students. Deriving from tech controversies that participants felt most affected by, we created a bank of ideas as a starting point for further curriculum development. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Computer science   Economics   History   Zoology  

摘要： Snippets fromNature’s past.

关键词： Sustainable development  

摘要： Computer Science for Future (CS4F) is an initiative in the Department of Computer Science at HAW Hamburg. The aim of the initiative is a paradigm shift in the discipline of computer science, thus establishing sustainability goals as a primary leitmotif for teaching and research. The focus is on teaching since the most promising multipliers are the students of a university. The change in teaching influences our research, the transfer to business and civil society as well as the change in our own institution. In this article, we present the initiative CS4F and reflect primarily on the role of students as amplifiers in the transformation process of computer science. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Students  

摘要： Science communication forms the bridge between computer science researchers and their target audience. Researchers who can effectively draw attention to their research findings and communicate them comprehensibly not only help their target audience to actually learn something, but also benefit themselves from the increased visibility of their work and person. However, the necessary skills for good science communication must also be taught, and this has so far been neglected in the field of software engineering education. We therefore designed and implemented a science communication seminar for bachelor students of computer science curricula. Students take the position of a researcher who, shortly after publication, is faced with having to draw attention to the paper and effectively communicate the contents of the paper to one or more target audiences. Based on this scenario, each student develops a communication strategy for an already published software engineering research paper and tests the resulting ideas with the other seminar participants. We explain our design decisions for the seminar, and combine our experiences with responses to a participant survey into lessons learned. With this experience report, we intend to motivate and enable other lecturers to offer a similar seminar at their university. Collectively, university lecturers can prepare the next generation of computer science researchers to not only be experts in their field, but also to communicate research findings more effectively. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Authorship   Computational biology and bioinformatics   Computer science   Software  

摘要： A data set funded by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative shows how research software and tools are used across disciplines — and helps developers gain credit for their work.

关键词： Regression analysis  

摘要： Scholar Ranking 2023 is the second edition of U.S. Computer Science (CS) departments ranking based on faculty citation measures. Using Google Scholar, we gathered data about publication citations for 5,574 tenure-track faculty from 185 U.S. universities. For each faculty, we extracted their t10 index, defined as the number of citations received by their 10th highest cited paper. For each department, we calculated four quality metrics: median t10 (m10), the geometric mean of t10 (g10), and the number of well-cited faculty with t10 above 40% (c40) and 60% (c60) of the national average. We fitted a linear regression model using those four measures to match the 2022 U.S. News ranking scores of CS doctoral programs. The resulting model provides Scholar Ranking 2023, which can be found at https://***/csranking_scholar. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.