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关键词： Tobacco   Nicotine   Cancer   Europe   Poland   Adolescents   Youth   Europe's beating   Cancer plan  

摘要： Background: Tobacco use remains a significant public health issue among adolescents worldwide, now exacerbated by the rise of alternative nicotine products like electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco. Monitoring these trends is essential for effective public health response. This study presents the latest data on tobacco and electronic cigarette use, as well as secondhand smoke exposure, among Polish adolescents aged 13-15. Methods: In 2022 we conducted a cross-sectional study within the framework of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), which uses a standardized two-stage sampling methodology. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 3573 students aged 13-15 in Poland. The survey assessed current and ever-use of conventional and alternative tobacco products, secondhand smoke exposure, and attitudes toward tobacco. Weighted estimates were used to ensure national representativeness. Results: Among Polish adolescents, 17.1 % reported current use of any tobacco product, with a similar prevalence among boys (17.3 %) and girls (16.9 %). Current electronic cigarette use was notably high at 22.3 %, with higher usage among girls (23.4 %) than boys (21.2 %). Secondhand smoke exposure at home affected 28.8 % of students. Comparison with previous GYTS data indicates declining traditional tobacco use but a rise in alternative product use. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for updated tobacco control policies in Poland that address both traditional and alternative nicotine products. The high prevalence of electronic cigarette use among adolescents is particularly concerning and calls for targeted interventions and public health education aimed at reducing youth access and appeal of these products.

关键词： Artificial intelligence   Machine learning   Labor market data analysis   Worker inequities   Occupational exposure   Future of work   Gender differences  

摘要： Introduction: Machine learning (ML), an artificial intelligence (AI) subfield, is increasingly used by Canadian workplaces. Concerningly, the impact of ML may be inequitable and contribute to social and health inequities in the working population. The aim of this study is to estimate the number of workers in occupations with high, medium, and low ML exposure and describe differences in exposure according to occupational and worker sociodemographic factors. Methods: Canadian occupations were scored according to the extent to which they were made up of job tasks that could be performed by ML. Eight years of data from Canada's Labour Force Survey were pooled and the number of Canadians in occupations with high, medium, or low exposure to ML were estimated. The relationship between hourly wages, educational attainment, and job skill, training and experience requirements, and ML exposure was examined using multinomial models that were stratified by gender. Results: Approximately 5.7 million Canadians are working in occupations characterized by high ML exposure. Women workers and workers with a college or bachelor's degree and in occupations with lower job skills requirements made up a greater proportion of workers in occupations with high ML exposure. Multinomial models indicated gender differences in the relationship between independent variables and ML exposure. Among men, higher educational attainment and hourly wages were associated with high occupational ML exposure. However, among women, higher educational attainment and hourly wages were associated with low occupational ML exposure. Conclusion: ML exposure is segmented according to occupational and worker sociodemographic characteristics and has the potential to widen inequities in the working population. ML may have a gendered effect and disproportionately impact certain groups of women when compared to men. We provide a critical evidence base to inform strategic responses that ensure inclusion in a working world

关键词： 数字游戏   中华优秀传统文化   “两创”   《黑神话:悟空》  

摘要： 数字游戏凭借其交互性、沉浸性、全球化传播优势及文化再生产模式,成为中华优秀传统文化“两创”的新型媒介载体。相较于传统媒介,数字游戏以解码能力支撑文化转化、以参与机制促进流行适配、以互嵌策略实现全球传播、以生态构建完善实践闭环。以《黑神话:悟空》为例,该作品通过符号转译路径,运用高精度建模还原古建筑群落,融合武术美学与现代游戏机制突破“文化折扣”壁垒;通过叙事重构路径,以碎片化叙事和“道德选择机制”传递哲学内核,借助跨媒介形式拓展表达维度;通过全球化传播路径,以视听奇观吸引国际受众,结合本地化运营与社群共创深化文化认同,形成“虚拟体验—文化认知—现实实践”的传播链条。该作品在坚守技术自信与文化自信的基础上,既以文化基因锚定规避价值异化风险,又通过构建跨文化符号的适应性转化体系,推动优秀传统文化从本土传承走向全球对话,在赓续“文化根脉”中构建新的话语体系。未来需进一步强化技术伦理与价值评估的协同机制,通过用户共创及多模态叙事构建“本土化表达—全球化共鸣”的话语体系,促进多元文明的共生共荣。

关键词： NoSQL   Education   Teaching methods   Constructive alignment   Database   Systematic literature review   Software Engineering   Computer science  

摘要： NoSQL databases are essential for managing modern data-intensive applications. While SQL education is a crucial part of the software engineering and computer science curriculum, it is insufficient in addressing the rise of big data and cloud infrastructures. Despite extensive research on SQL education, there is limited exploration of NoSQL education, particularly in teaching methods and data models. This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review on NoSQL database education, aiming to assess current research, teaching practices, models, tools, scalability, and security mechanisms while offering a framework for integrating NoSQL into academic curricula. Out of 386 articles, 28 were selected for detailed analysis, focusing on NoSQL teaching methods, models, and curriculum development. Findings revealed that document-oriented and graph databases, especially MongoDB, Cassandra, and Neo4j, are the most taught. The project-based learning approach was the most common teaching method. Challenges identified include adapting to technological advancements, addressing diverse student needs, and the shift to online learning. This review contributes valuable insights into NoSQL education and offers recommendations for improving teaching practices in software engineering curricula.

关键词： Protocols   Proposals   Complexity theory   Voting   Reliability   Scalability   Synchronization   Electronic mail   Leadership   Computer science   Distributed consensus   Byzantine fault tolerance   leader election   score-based mechanism  

摘要： Leader-based BFT systems face potential disruption and performance degradation from malicious leaders, with current solutions often lacking scalability or greatly increasing complexity. In this paper, we introduce ABSE, an Adaptive Baseline Score-based Election approach to mitigate the negative impact of malicious leaders on leader-based BFT systems. ABSE is fully localized and proposes to accumulate scores for processes based on their contribution to consensus advancement, aiming to bypass less reliable participants when electing leaders. We present a formal treatment of ABSE, addressing the primary design and implementation challenges, defining its generic components and rules for adherence to ensure global consistency. We also apply ABSE to two different BFT protocols, demonstrating its scalability and negligible impact on protocol complexity. Finally, by building a system prototype and conducting experiments on it, we demonstrate that ABSE-enhanced protocols can effectively minimize the disruptions caused by malicious leaders, whilst incurring minimal additional resource overhead and maintaining base performance.

关键词： Code biology   Mathematics   Computer science   Synthetic biology   Ecological codes   Psychology   Psychoanalysis   Cultural codes   Cyborgism   Transhumanism  

摘要： The concept of "code" connotes different meanings, intentions, and formalizations. From mathematics and computer sciences to psychology and culture, the term becomes less formal, more diverse, and sometimes appears ambiguous. In biology a growing number of codes ignite a debate about their role in evolution, biocomplexity, and agency, to name just a few. Here, a transdisciplinary group of code scientists attempts to capture the big picture of code research across their fields of interest. In this cross-sectional overview commonalities emerge that may pave the way towards a unified theory of life-based-on-codes. Codes underly cellular processes, perception, cognition, and communication. From ecosystems to human language, codes influence how individuals behave in groups, memorize, learn, and take part in cultural practices. Emotions like aggression, fear, anger, frustration, are important motivators of behaviour modulating mutual communication and sculpting individual experience. The inheritance of experience in form of innate release mechanisms, stereotyped behaviour, or archetypes may have phylogenetic and ontogenetic roots that rely on codes and impact our conscious decision making. Unconsciously, even our dreams draw on codes. In the future, conflation of different coding systems, e.g., from synthetic biology and generative artificial intelligence, will merge biological codes with machine logic and computer language to promote next-level transhumanism. Codes emerge as a currency converter between systems of life and between different scientific disciplines.

关键词： Tricalcium phosphate   Artificial neural network   Computer science   Mechanical properties prediction  

摘要： Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramics have emerged as a promising option to meet the specific requirements associated with athlete bone fractures. Advanced computational modeling techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), have been leveraged to optimize the formulation, structural properties, and implantation strategies of TCP-based biomaterials. This personalized approach enables the tailoring of TCP implants and scaffolds to match the specific biomechanical and biological requirements of individual athletes, maximizing the potential for successful bone regeneration and a timely return to athletic competition. The strategic application of TCP-based biomaterials, combined with personalized computational modeling, holds great promise in revolutionizing the management of athlete bone fractures. This article investigates the use of an ANN to understand the complex relationships between various parameters, such as porosity and bone growth, and their effects on the biodegradation rate, compressive strength, and hardness of TCP-based bioceramics. The accuracy of the neural network's predictions was validated using linear regression analysis, confirming its applicability in guiding the design and optimization of these biomaterials for sports-related bone injury applications. The study developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to accurately predict the biodegradation rate, compressive strength, and hardness of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramics as a function of porosity and bone growth. The ANN demonstrated high accuracy in forecasting these key bioceramic properties.

关键词： Data Visualization   Visual System   Computer Science   Human Values   Visualization Techniques   Associate Editor   Computer Graphics  

关键词： IEEE VIS   Seismic   Computer Science   Visual Analysis   Human Computer Interaction   Academic Community   High Performance Computing   Conference Proceedings   Complex Datasets   National Science Foundation   Annual Survey   Visibility Graph   Computer Graphics   Machine Vision   IEEE Transactions   Scientific Visualization  

关键词： Environmental science   Natural resources   Computer science  

摘要： Common-pool resources (CPRs), including fisheries and the atmosphere, are critical for ecological, social, and economic sustainability but are easily overused. We use an agent-based model to investigate how social networks shape resource extraction outcomes. Networks with highly visible nodes can create a "majority illusion" in which most users believe high-intensity extraction is dominant, even if it is not. This misperception can push the entire population toward one of two possible states: an abundant, high-welfare resource or a depleted, low-welfare one. Aligning users' environmental impact with their visibility can mitigate this effect and steer the system toward a single, predictable outcome. These results suggest that network-based policies, such as reshaping information flows, particularly targeting high-impact hubs, could help stabilize cooperative behaviors and encourage sustainable management of CPRs, reducing the risk of tragedy-of-the-commons scenarios.