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关键词： Sociology   Computer science  

摘要： Analysis of people's web searches and visited websites suggests that it is more likely that they are choosing to engage with partisan or unreliable news than that they are being unduly exposed to it by search-engine algorithms.

关键词： Machine learning   Computer science   Computational biology and bioinformatics   Information technology  

摘要： Although powerful, the tools are not as intelligent as they seem. Use them with caution, computer scientists warn.

关键词： Students  

摘要： The use of AI assistants, along with the challenges they present, has sparked significant debate within the community of computer science education. While these tools demonstrate the potential to support students’ learning and instructors’ teaching, they also raise concerns about enabling unethical uses by students. Previous research has suggested various strategies aimed at addressing these issues. However, they concentrate on introductory programming courses and focus on one specific type of problem. The present research evaluated the performance of ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art AI assistant, at solving 187 problems spanning three distinct types that were collected from six undergraduate computer science. The selected courses covered different topics and targeted different program levels. We then explored methods to modify these problems to adapt them to ChatGPT’s capabilities to reduce potential misuse by students. Finally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 computer science instructors. The aim was to gather their opinions on our problem modification methods, understand their perspectives on the impact of AI assistants on computer science education, and learn their strategies for adapting their courses to leverage these AI capabilities for educational improvement. The results revealed issues ranging from academic fairness to long-term impact on students’ mental models. From our results, we derived design implications and recommended tools to help instructors design and create future course material that could more effectively adapt to AI assistants’ capabilities. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3x + 1   Collatz   Solved   Computer Science   Number Theory   New Algo-rithm  

摘要： The 3x + 1 problem, is a math problem that has baffled mathematicians for over 50 years. It’s easy to explain: take any positive number, if it’s even, divide it by 2;if it’s odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1. Repeat this process with the resulting number, and the conjecture says that you will eventually reach 1. Despite testing all starting values up to an enormous number, no one has proved the conjecture is true for all possible starting values. The problem’s importance lies in its simplicity and difficulty, inspiring new ideas in mathematics and advancing fields like number theory, dynamical systems, and computer science. Proving or disproving the conjecture would revolutionize our understanding of math. The presence of infinite sequences is a matter of question. To investigate and solve this conjecture, we are utilizing a novel approach involving the fields of number theory and computer science.

关键词： 计算机公共基础课程   新农科建设   教学改革  

摘要： 计算机公共基础课程作为高等农业院校一个重要公共基础课程,教学质量直接影响新农科建设目标的实现。能力培养是大学计算机公共基础课程教育的主体,新时期要以社会需求为目标进行计算机公共基础课程改革。在新农科建设背景下,计算机公共基础课程要注重理念引领,树立综合化工程教育理念,推进学科交叉培养,高等农业院校计算机公共基础课程教学必须进行改革,才能推动高校的新农科建设。学生是教育的主体,逐步提高学习效率是计算机公共基础课程教学改革的目标。计算机公共基础课程教学内容要根据计算机学科的热门方向,规划出内容精炼、实际常用和针对性强的学习内容;教学方法一方面要利用线上MOOC的教学形式,另一方面还要针对每一堂课给大学生设计“微课”,提高大学生的自主学习能力,并引入新的教学方式,利用Scratch等动画编程软件,让大学生从设计游戏中了解计算机知识;结合新农科建设要求,强化实践操作考核、设置中期考核,并增加考核内容,以动画游戏的形式,让大学生理解程序及程序的运行原理。

关键词： Software testing  

摘要： Software testing is one of the crucial supporting processes of the software life cycle. Unfortunately for the software industry, the role is stigmatized, partly due to misperception and partly due to treatment of the role. The present study aims to analyse the situation to explore what restricts computer science and software engineering students from taking up a testing career in the software industry. To conduct this study, we surveyed 88 Pakistani students taking computer science or software engineering degrees. The results showed that the present study supports previous work into the unpopularity of testing compared to other software life cycle roles. Furthermore, the findings of our study showed that the role of tester has become a social role, with as many social connotations as technical implications. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fasteners   Computer science   Training data   Propagation losses   Training   Task analysis   Smoothing methods   Negative sampling   three-region principle   embedding mergence   graph-based recommendation  

摘要： Graph - based recommendation systems are blossoming recently, which models user-item interactions as a user-item graph and utilizes graph neural networks (GNNs) to learn the embeddings for users and items. A fundamental challenge of graph-based recommendation is that there only exists observed positive user-item pairs in the user-item graph. Negative sampling is a vital technique to solve the one-class problem and is widely used in many recommendation methods. However, the previous works only focus on the design of negative sampling distribution but ignore the sampled region for negative sampling. In this work, we propose the Three-Region Principle to guide negative sampling, which suggests that we should negatively sample more items at an intermediate region and less adjacent and distant items. In light of this principle, we present the RecNS method, which is a general negative sampling method designed with two sampling strategies: positive-assisted sampling and exposure-augmented sampling. Instead of sampling existing negative items from graph data, we merge these two strategies in embedding space to generate negative item embeddings. Extensive experiments demonstrate that RecNS method significantly outperforms all negative sampling baselines, e.g., 10.47% for PinSage, 6.02% for NGCF, and 8.20% for LightGCN in terms of Recall@20 on the Alibaba dataset.

关键词： 新工科   计算机科学与技术专业   教学改革  

摘要： 在新工科背景下,为了使地方高校尽快适应科技现代化发展,大力发展计算机课程教育改革是十分必要的。目前,地方高校工科教育仍存在一些问题,要解决这些问题就要从教学的课程安排、师资力量、校企合作、改革评价等方面出发,探索教学改革方案,为地方高校的计算机课程改革提供方向。

关键词： 黑核桃   组织培养   褐化   污染   幼嫩茎段  

摘要： 【目的】筛选出消毒的最佳时间和抗褐化剂的最适浓度,研究外植体细胞结构在褐化过程中的变化,为黑核桃的组培研究和工厂化育苗提供理论基础。【方法】采用不同时长对黑核桃叶片和茎段进行消毒处理,观察其对污染率、褐化率的影响;以AC、PVP、VC 3种抗褐化剂进行正交试验,研究其对黑核桃茎段褐化率和萌发率的影响;观察褐化外植体徒手切片。【结果】(1)叶片以0.1%HgCl_(2)消毒5 min,污染率和褐化率最低;(2)茎段以二次消毒法,0.1%HgCl_(2)加吐温80消毒5 min,污染率和褐化率最低;(3)以AC 2 g/L、PVP 110 mg/L、VC 100 mg/L处理的褐化率最低;以AC 1 g/L、PVP 70 mg/L、VC 50 mg/L处理的萌发率最高。【结论】叶片以0.1%HgCl_(2)消毒5min为最佳消毒时间;茎段以二次消毒法,0.1%HgCl_(2)加吐温80消毒5 min为最佳消毒时间;最适的抗褐化剂浓度配比为AC1g/L、PVP 110 mg/L、VC100 mg/L。

关键词： Students  

摘要： Background: Early exposure to Computer Science (CS) and Computational Thinking (CT) for all is critical to broaden participation and promote equity in the field. But how does the introduction of CS & CT into primary school curricula impact learning, perception, and gaps between groups of students? Methodology: We investigate a CS-curricular reform and teacher Professional Development (PD) program from an equity standpoint by applying hierarchical regression and structural equation modelling on student learning and perception data from three studies with respectively 1384, 2433 and 1644 grade 3-6 students (ages 7-11) and their 83, 142 and 95 teachers. Results: Regarding learning, exposure to CS instruction appears to contribute to closing the performance gap between low-achieving and high-achieving students, as well as pre-existing gender gaps. Despite a lack of direct influence of what was taught on student learning, there is no impact of teachers’ demographics or motivation on student learning, with teachers’ perception of the CS-PD positively influencing learning. Regarding perception, students perceive CS and its teaching tools (robotics, tablets) positively, and even more so when they perceive a role model close to them as doing CS. Nonetheless gender differences exist all around with boys perceiving CS more positively than girls despite access to CS education. However, access to CS-education affects boys and girls differently: larger gender gaps are closing (namely those related to robotics), while smaller gaps are increasing (namely those related to CS and tablets). Conclusion: This article highlights how a CS curricular reform impacts learning, perception, and equity and supports the importance of i) early introductions to CS for all, ii) preparing teachers to teach CS all the while removing the influence of teacher demographics and motivation on student outcomes, and iii) having developmentally appropriate activities that signal to all groups of students. ©