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关键词： Computer and information literacy   Information and communication technology   Arts literacy   Science literacy   Learning transfer theory  

摘要： Since the International Computer and Information Literacy (CIL) was introduced to assess school children's ability of using computers and other information and communications technologies (ICT) for educational purposes, considerable work has been devoted to investigating the ICT-related determinants of students' computer and information literacy. However, there is scant literature on how rural students' CIL could be affected by learning other subjects like arts or sciences. Guided by the theory of learning transfer, this study explores possible learning transfer effects of arts and science literacies on CIL and ICT skills among eighth graders (N = 2821) in China's rural areas. The findings show that arts literacy is positively associated with CIL and ICT skills, while science literacy is positively associated with basic ICT skills but negatively related to advanced ICT skills. Rural students who had a higher family socioeconomic status and better educated parents were more likely to have higher CIL, suggesting the presence of digital disparities. This study provides timely perspectives that help students to master ICT skills and improve computer literacy, including insights for revealing digital disparities among rural students in low-resource settings.

关键词： Games   Informal learning   Social media   Gender studies  

摘要： Computer gameplay and social media are the two most common forms of entertainment in the digital age. Many scholars share the assumption that leisure-time digital consumption is associated with computer science (CS) affinity, but there is a dearth of research evidence for this relationship. Female students generally spend less time on gaming and more time on social media than do male students, so a gender comparison perspective is helpful. Using multinomial logistic regression analysis on a national sample of 10,197 U.S. college students in introductory CS courses, we found that frequent computer gameplay was strongly associated with an increase in the probability of CS career interest relative to a Non-STEM career interest (beta = -0.17, se = 0.06, p < .01) for both male (N = 7214) and female students (N = 2659). In contrast, increased social media use predicted a higher CS career interest relative to a Science/Engineering career interest (beta = 0.12, se = 0.06, p < .05) for female students by 8%, however, a lower interest for male students by 4%.

关键词： Roads   TV   Irrigation   Computer science   Traffic congestion   IEEE transactions   Visualization   Vehicular ad hoc networks   traffic management systems   Traffic Jams   intelligent transportation systems  

摘要： The next generation of smart cities will rely on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) due to the increased complexity and dynamism of traffic caused by continuous urbanization and population growth. The traditional techniques to deal with these challenges are expensive and have a great impact on people's lives and, in this scenario, the introduction of computational and technological solutions is necessary. In order to minimize the problems caused by congestion in urban centers, we present Let Me Know, a traffic management system inspired by the communication among vehicles that allows the request and availability of information related to vehicular traffic. The vehicles request information in order to update a distributed database containing momentary analyzes of road traffic. Through extensive performance analysis, we show our system's ability to reduce traffic congestion with a low impact on the network.

关键词： Batteries   Computer science   Electrocatalysis   Energy grids and networks   Solar cells  

摘要： Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is a critical global challenge;it demands advances - at the materials, devices and systems levels - for the efficient harvesting, storage, conversion and management of renewable energy. Energy researchers have begun to incorporate machine learning (ML) techniques to accelerate these advances. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances in ML-driven energy research, outline current and future challenges, and describe what is required to make the best use of ML techniques. We introduce a set of key performance indicators with which to compare the benefits of different ML-accelerated workflows for energy research. We discuss and evaluate the latest advances in applying ML to the development of energy harvesting (photovoltaics), storage (batteries), conversion (electrocatalysis) and management (smart grids). Finally, we offer an overview of potential research areas in the energy field that stand to benefit further from the application of ML. Machine learning is poised to accelerate the development of technologies for a renewable energy future. This Perspective highlights recent advances and in particular proposes Acc(X)eleration Performance Indicators (XPIs) to measure the effectiveness of platforms developed for accelerated energy materials discovery.

关键词： Cognitive skills   computer anxiety   computer self-efficacy   Nigeria   Social Science undergraduates   tertiary institution  

摘要： This study investigated the influence of computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and cognitive skills on the use of electronic library resources by social science undergraduates in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted and stratified random sampling technique was used to select 869 sample size from a population of 1452 social science undergraduates across five departments. A total of 793 questionnaire was properly filled and collated which equals a response rate of 91.3% from the population sample. Findings from the study revealed that there were significant relationships among computer selfefficacy, computer anxiety, cognitive skills, and use of electronic library resources by the respondents. Computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and cognitive skills individually and jointly had a significant influence on the use of electronic library resources of the respondents. Therefore, library management in the tertiary institution should give due consideration to computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and cognitive skills of the respondents when planning to enhance their use of electronic library resources among others.

关键词： Topic evolution   Topic embedding   Scientometrics   Informetrics   Data mining   Similarity metrics  

摘要： The study of topic evolution aims to analyze the behavior of different research fields by utilizing various features such as the relationships between articles. In recent years, many published papers consider more than one field of study which has led to a significant increase in the number of inter-field and interdisciplinary articles. Therefore, we can analyze the similarity/dissimilarity and convergence/divergence of research fields based on topic analysis of the published papers. Our research intends to create a methodology for studying the evolution of the research fields. In this paper, we propose an embedding approach for modeling each research topics as a multidimensional vector. Using this model, we measure the topic's distances over the years and investigate how topics evolve over time. The proposed similarity metric showed many advantages over other alternatives (such as Jaccard similarity) and it resulted in better stability and accuracy. As a case study, we applied the proposed method to subsets of computer science for experimental purposes, and the results were quite comprehensible and coherent.

关键词： Graphical modeling   conceptual modeling   computer science   competence model   higher education  

摘要： Modeling is an integral part of many computing-related disciplines and thus also represents a curricular core component in computing education in tertiary education. Competence models in which modeling is integrated at least to some extent already exist in some of these disciplines. However, for the core component of graphical modeling, a competence model that illuminates the relevant competences in detail is still lacking. Therefore, we develop a competence model for graphical modeling with the aim to make teaching and especially assessments in the field more competence-oriented. This article reports on the first two studies conducted to develop and validate the competence model for graphical modeling. In the first study, the structure of the competence model was developed based on theories and approaches of educational science. Competences relevant for graphical modeling were deductively derived from literature and existing university course descriptions using techniques of qualitative content analysis. The result of the first study is a preliminary competence model. In the second study, the preliminary competence model was reviewed by means of an expert rating in the modeling community. The competence model was revised and refined based on these findings and subsequent expert discussions. The main result of the investigation represents the competence model for graphical modeling, which includes a total of 74 competence facets at different cognitive process levels in the five content areas of "model understanding and interpreting," "model building and modifying," "values, attitudes, and beliefs," "metacognitive knowledge and skills," and "social-communicative skills."

关键词： Capital punishment   death sentences   racial resentment   lynching  

摘要： We explore the annual number of death sentences imposed on black and white offenders within each US state from 1989 through 2017, with particular attention to the impact of aggregate levels of racial resentment. Controlling for general ideological conservatism, homicides, population size, violent crime, institutional and partisan factors, and the inertial nature of death sentencing behavior, we find that racial hostility translates directly into more death sentences, particularly for black offenders. Racial resentment itself reflects each state's history of racial strife;we show powerful indirect effects of a history of lynching and of racial population shares. These effects are mediated through contemporaneous levels of racial resentment. Our findings raise serious questions about the appropriateness of the ultimate punishment, as they show its deep historical and contemporary connection to white racial hostility toward blacks.

关键词： Computer science   Publishing   Sustainability  

摘要： Three charts from the world of research, selected byNatureeditors.

关键词： Computer science   Information technology   Machine learning  

摘要： A machine with a grasp of cause and effect could learn more like a human, through imagination and regret.