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关键词： 执壶   黑釉瓷器   三分之一   茶文化   中国历史文物   鼎盛时期   烧造   宋代  

摘要： 宋代南方各窑烧造的黑釉盏宋代是中国黑釉瓷器发展的鼎盛时期,时有全国近三分之一以上的窑场都生产黑釉资(张燕《浅谈黑釉瓷器》,《中国历史文物》二〇〇七年第二期),产品有碗,盘,执壶,杯。

关键词： 三主体双轨道交互护理   慢性阻塞性肺疾病   自我效能   生命质量  

摘要： 目的探讨三主体双轨道交互护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者自我效能及生命质量的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月扬州大学附属医院收治的COPD患者80例作为研究对象,随机分为试验组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。对照组采用常规护理方法,试验组采用三主体双轨道交互护理,比较两组自我效能及生命质量。结果干预后两组自我效能评分升高,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组生命质量评分降低,且试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论三主体双轨道交互护理可有效提高COPD患者的自我效能及生命质量。

关键词： embryo   developmental biology   robot   xenobot   computer science   synthetic bioengineering   biorobot   animal cap  

摘要： Advances in science and engineering often reveal the limitations of classical approaches initially used to understand, predict, and control phenomena. With progress, conceptual categories must often be re-evaluated to better track recently discovered invariants across disciplines. It is essential to refine frameworks and resolve conflicting boundaries between disciplines such that they better facilitate, not restrict, experimental approaches and capabilities. In this essay, we address specific questions and critiques which have arisen in response to our research program, which lies at the intersection of developmental biology, computer science, and robotics. In the context of biological machines and robots, we explore changes across concepts and previously distinct fields that are driven by recent advances in materials, information, and life sciences. Herein, each author provides their own perspective on the subject, framed by their own disciplinary training. We argue that as with computation, certain aspects of developmental biology and robotics are not tied to specific materials;rather, the consilience of these fields can help to shed light on issues of multiscale control, self-assembly, and relationships between form and function. We hope new fields can emerge as boundaries arising from technological limitations are overcome, furthering practical applications from regenerative medicine to useful synthetic living machines.

关键词： 新医科   混合式教学   教学设计   计算机类课程   信息管理   教学模式  

摘要： 目的探索计算机类课程混合式教学模式教学效果。方法2021年9月—2022年12月,选取齐齐哈尔医学院2019级、2020级信息管理专业42名本科生,随机将学生分成对照组和试验组,对照组人数为18名,试验组24名,对照组应用传统模式教学,试验组采用线上线下混合式教学,统计学生的实验成绩、期末成绩,通过对试验组在开课前后进行调查问卷,以便掌握学情及学生学习状态。结果试验组实验成绩(20.30±2.49)分和期末成绩(46.91±4.95)分均优于对照组(18.10±2.90)分和(43.89±4.64)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。期末成绩优秀率试验组(12.5%)高于对照组(0),实验成绩优秀率(25.0%)高于对照组(5.5%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。问卷调查显示其试验组学生的总体满意度较高,线上线下相结合更有利,同时对于线下学习有促进作用;在学生能力提升方面也有一定的作用,对于知识理解和运用有显著作用;基本上所有同学都能适应混合式教学模式,并希望继续开展。结论计算机类课程混合式教学模式对信息管理专业学生的教学效果有显著影响。

关键词： 虚拟情景互动训练   养老院   阿尔茨海默病   精神行为症状   日常生活能力   生命质量  

摘要： 目的探讨虚拟情景互动训练对养老院阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者精神行为症状、日常生活能力及生命质量的影响。方法选择2021年9月—2022年8月南京江宁沐春园护理院AD患者54例,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组(n=27)和对照组(n=27)。对照组接受AD常规药物治疗、养老院常规养老护理服务及健康宣教,观察组在对照组基础上采用虚拟情景互动训练,每周训练3次,每次45 min,共训练6个月。观察两组干预前后精神行为症状[采用AD病理行为评定量表(BEHAVE-AD)评估]、日常生活能力[采用Barthel指数评估量表(BI)评估]及生命质量[采用AD生命质量量表(QOL-AD)评估]。结果干预后,观察组BEHAVE-AD评分、BI评分和QOL-AD评分均较干预前改善(P均<0.05),且均优于对照组干预后(P均<0.05);而对照组上述各量表评分干预前后相比差异均无统计学意义。结论虚拟情景互动训练能有效改善养老院AD患者的精神行为症状和日常生活能力,提高其生命质量,值得在养老机构内推广使用。

关键词： 产业技术体系   增氧机   养殖模式   试验塘   养殖面积   江苏现代   新沂市   前期准备  

摘要： 为打造新沂市青鱼商品鱼养殖规模,扩大市场销售影响力,依托江苏现代农业(大宗鱼类)产业技术体系——新沂大宗鱼推广示范基地项目,探寻适合池塘高产量、低成本的养殖模式。一、材料与方法1.池塘条件与前期准备(1)池塘条件。试验塘口共6个,为9#、14#、15#、16#、17#、19#塘,养殖面积分别为40、35、10、60、100、43亩,平均水深1.8米,配备增氧机54台、风送式投料机7台。

摘要： Dieser Artikel ist der letzte einer Viererreihe, die eine Diskussion über die Grundlagen der Informatik anregen soll. In ihm wird der Beitrag der Informatik zu einem besseren Verständnis des Konzepts der Semantik oder Bedeutung von Zeichen in einer Interaktion dargestellt. Ausgangspunkt ist die Identifikation der Semantik von Information mit ihrer Verarbeitung im Sinne eines lokalen Modells der Bedeutungserteilung innerhalb einer Interaktion. Analog des Aufbaus der Semantik formaler Sprachen wird eine Interaktionssemantik als Kombination einer Belegung der Zustandsvariablen in Verbindung mit einer mittels Entscheidungen determinierten Transitionsfunktion der an der Interaktion beteiligten Rollen modelliert. Dies ist die Welt der semantischen Protokolle bzw. „Spiele in Interaktionsform“ mit ihren künstlich beschränkten, eindeutigen Handlungskontexten. In ihr rücken die Entscheidungen der interagierenden Systeme in den Mittelpunkt und der Austausch von Zeichen wird zum Kopplungsmechanismus. In einem weiteren Schritt wird die natürliche Sprache als Lösung des „Henne-oder-Ei“-Problems verstanden, dass einerseits eine zielgerichtete Interaktion gegenseitiges Verständnis erfordert und andererseits die Herstellung eines gegenseitigen Verständnisses eine zielgerichtete Interaktion erfordert: das „simultaneous interaction and understanding (SIAU)“-Problem. Dies ist vergleichbar dem „simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)“-Problem, für das die Informatik als Lösung den iterativen Aufbau eines internen Modells in beständiger Interaktion mit der Welt entwickelt hat. Im Rahmen der Entwicklung der natürlichen Sprache macht dies den Aspekt der Unterscheidung zwischen (angenommenem) Relevantem und Irrelevantem bei der Bedeutungserteilung verständlich. Abschließend wird die Frage diskutiert, ob es dieser Artikelserie gelungen ist, die relevante Differenzierung der Konzepte von System, Interaktion, Zeichen, Zustand, Entscheidung, Freiheit etc. vorzunehmen und so die Informatik

关键词： snowmelt runoff   soil-thawing depth   rill   sediment concentration   freeze and thaw action  

摘要： Snowmelt erosion could cause serious damage to soil quality and agricultural production conditions of slope farmland in the black soil region of northeast China. Contour ridge tillage is a traditional and effective measure to mitigate soil loss on slope farmland. However, the characteristics and influence factors of snowmelt erosion of slope farmland with contour ridge culture and the effect of this measure on the snowmelt process have not been comprehensively investigated, especially at the field scale. To bridge the gap, in situ observation was conducted on the snowmelt erosion process of a typical farmland in Baiquan County, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results revealed that during the snowmelt erosion period, the average daily snowmelt runoff volume and sediment concentration exhibited a trend of first increase and then a subsequent decrease. In the early stage, although the sediment concentration was large, limited discharge and soil thaw depths led to minimal soil loss. In the following stage, due to increased runoff and thaw depths, 94% of the total soil loss amount was obtained with an obvious erosion path formed. For each event, when soil thaw depths were shallow, sediment concentration had a high and early peak, whereas a reverse trend was observed when thaw depths increased. The hysteresis relationship of discharge-sediment indicated that the location where snowmelt erosion primarily occurred would change, under the influence of variations in runoff, freeze and thaw action, thaw depths, and micro-topography. The results could provide a guide in the control of soil erosion in seasonal snowmelt-erosion-prone areas.

关键词： Programming profession   Education   Anxiety disorders   Engineering students   Data collection   Meteorology   Tutorials   Assessment   first year   higher education   students experience  

摘要： Contribution: This study evaluates the generalizability of previously identified perceptions among engineering students of assessments in introductory programming (CS1). The students' perceptions of their instructors' and teaching assistants' (TAs) roles in these assessments are also studied, and differences based on prior programming experience, gender, and course ***: Basic programming skills are desirable also for students who are not majoring in computer science (CS). Students' experience of assessments has not been fully *** Questions: 1) How do engineering students experience the assessment (lab assignments, midterm exam, and project) in their CS1 courses? 2) What are the students' perceptions of the TAs and instructors in relation to these assessment situations? 3) What significant differences can be found based on students' prior experience in programming, gender, and course?Methodology: Previously identified themes from an interview study worked as a framework for the formulation of 25 statements used in a survey among 137 students in six CS1 courses (second part of a mixed-method study). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni corrections, were used to analyze the ***: Laboratory assignments were experienced as an opportunity to learn while the exams were viewed as predictable. The projects were perceived as authentic, although varying in difficulty, and as a huge leap from the lab assignments. Students perceived the instructors to put their touch on the course but viewed their TAs as carrying out the assessments, and experienced variations between TAs. Female students experienced these variations to a larger extent and perceived received feedback as less useful.