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关键词： Digital computers   Industries   Computer science   Missiles   Airplanes   Numerical analysis   Buildings  

摘要： In the mid-1940s, a differential analyzer and an electronic digital computer acquired by UCLA made large-scale computing available to staff and students there and in surrounding industries. To serve these users, the university fostered both new professional organizations and pioneering curricula in what would later be called computer science.

关键词： occupational therapy   machine learning   rehabilitation   special education   education   social sciences   computer applications   computer science  

摘要： In the evaluation of engagement in occupation, it is important to access the qualitative data, including the client context. However, there are no tools capable of quantifying such data. The purpose of this study is to develop a Classifier of Engagement in Occupation with Machine Learning (CEOML) that is capable of quantifying context and evaluating engagement in occupation through the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and to validate the model performance. A supervised machine learning approach was adopted in this study for the development of clinical artificial intelligence, and it was conducted based on the Minimum Information about Clinical Artificial Intelligence Modeling. The research object was the Twitter data comprising 1,542 tweets posted over a one-week period, beginning on April 1, 2020. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, an NLP model, was fine-tuned to learn a dataset labeled for the status of engagement in occupation. The model performance was validated using indicators (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F-measure, and area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve), Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient, and the attention level of the model to the text. The CEOML demonstrated suitable model performance, on par with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. High interpretability of the CEOML was also confirmed based on its level of attention. The developed CEOML can quantify and classify problems of engagement in occupation based on the client context.

关键词： Stars   variables   RR Lyrae   Shock wave   Python   Computer science   Software development   Technique   spectroscopic  

摘要： Recently we have carried out a campaign of measurements of variable star spectra at the Oukaimeden observatory since 2013. To analyze thousands of spectra, we developed a graphical interface using *** spectroscopic study of variable stars is based on the acquisition of data in the observatory, and their storage in Fits files. We treat this data digitally to make them exploitable and graphically representable, for this purpose we use special software or scripts developed by astrophysicists. To facilitate analysis and meet our needs, we developed a graphical interface using Python and used the Tkinter module to represent our spectroscopic data graphically. This interface can plot figures of our spectra in 1D curve, and as a superposition in 1D and 2D. Thus, this interface can determine the necessary parameters in the spectroscopic study of short-period variable stars;such as the pulsation phases, the Blazhko phase, the correction for the heliocentric velocity, etc. Moreover, we can use this interface to convert the pre-treated Fits files into text files as well as to create Excel tables containing the calculated parameters. This interface is easy and fast to use and can provide high-quality *** exploiting the potential of this graphical interface, we were able to carry out a study of the influence of the Blazhko effect on the Van Hoof effect which occurs between the metallic lines FeI lambda 4920.509 angstrom and FeII lambda 4923.921 angstrom in RR Lyr.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

摘要： Dieser Artikel ist der zweite einer Viererreihe, die eine Diskussion über die Grundlagen der Informatik anregen soll. In ihm wird die Interaktion zwischen Systemen und die Koordination innerhalb von Systemen mithilfe des Kompositionskonzepts thematisiert. Dabei wird, basierend auf zwei unterschiedlichen Kompositionen, eine strukturelle von einer interaktionsorientierten Perspektive unterschieden. Einerseits die hierarchische, homogene Komposition, die Systeme als Ganzes erfasst und zur Bildung von Supersystemen und damit zu einer strukturellen Teil-Ganzes-Relation führt. Sie basiert auf den Kompositionsregeln berechenbarer Funktionen. Andererseits eine inhomogene Komposition, die Systeme nur partiell im Sinne einer Projektion erfasst, die „Rolle“ genannt wird und zu vergleichsweise loser Kopplung in Form von Protokollen führt. Diese beiden Kompositionsklassen sind die Basis für ein zweidimensionales Strukturmodell einer IT-Applikation entlang der grundsätzlichen Idee des OSI-Modells, in dem die Vertikale die Teil-Ganzes-Relation und die Horizontale die Interaktionsrelation repräsentiert. Die Nichtdeterminiertheit der Rollen ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung zum einen für eine weitere Komposition, nämlich mehrerer Rollen eines Systems zu koordinieren – das konstruktive Gegenstück zur Projektion eines Systems auf seine Interaktion. Und zum anderen lässt die Nichtdeterminiertheit den Beteiligten einer protokollbasierten Interaktion Entscheidungsspielraum. Mithilfe von Entscheidungen lassen sich Rollen determinieren. Dies zeigt die enge Verwandtschaft des Protokollkonzepts mit dem Konzept des Spiels.

关键词： Artificial intelligence   Experiential learning platform   AI   Data science   Qualitative research  

摘要： Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely adopted in higher education. However, the current research on AI in higher education is limited lacking both breadth and depth. The present study fills the research gap by exploring faculty members' perception on teaching AI and data science related courses facilitated by an open experiential AI platform. Specifically, two focus groups are conducted among computer science and non-computer science faculty members to gauge their perception on the integration of AI in an experiential learning platform to teach data science, as well as their perception on AI powered data science curriculum in higher education. Findings reveal three major themes which are defining data science, assembling interdisciplinary teams, and building platform for connection. The study has both theoretical and practical implications.

关键词： code   computer science   creative productivity   talent development   technology  

摘要： As technologically gifted students apply their abilities to computer science, they naturally flow through the talent development stages of potential, competency, and expertise. Processes that have always been important for gifted students to learn as they develop potential are embedded in learning code, which engages the beginning programmer in rich and complex authentic projects (Housand et al., 2017). As stakeholders present opportunities for open-ended, creative processes and products, the Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA;2017) and International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE;2016) Standards can form guidelines for gifted students to self-direct their education through technology. Learning to code results in both cognitive and psychosocial skill development, including creative and critical thinking, logical and systematic reasoning, positive risk-taking and processing of feedback, perseverance through challenges, social skills, and collaboration. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： Programming   History   Computational modeling   Computer languages   Writing   Switches   Software   Computer science   computer programming   programming languages   high modernism   abstraction  

摘要： The purpose of this article is to historize the definition of computer science, particularly the characteristic ambiguity of the discipline toward the computer. This ambiguity is foundational to computer science and has its roots in the response of university computer centers to the commercialization of computing in the mid-1950s. University computing experts developed an understanding of the activity of computing disentangled from the computer itself, a conceptual shift that went together with a parallel process of dematerialization of the notion of computer. These transformations were facilitated by the ascendance of a high modernist agenda in the sciences in the United States. University computing experts embraced the high modernist agenda and developed analogies across programs, notations, and a notion of the computer now understood as a model of computation. This immaterial conflation of notations, programs, and representations of the machine, would become one of the core tenets of computer science.

关键词： gender   video games   STEM education   computer science   digital technology  

摘要： Informed by evidence that computing attitudes may be uniquely constructed in informal contexts and that the early teens are a key period for academic decision-making, we investigate lines of practice that connect computing skills, attitudes, and videogames. We compare the relationship between computer skill, computer efficacy, and activities associated with gaming using a data set of 3,868 children in middle school. The time that children spend gaming has very modest association with skill and efficacy. Accounting for the frequency with which children modify games, engage in social gaming activities, and the salience of gamer identity explains the gender gap in computer skill and significantly narrows the gender gap in computer efficacy. We find support for the argument that computer skill and efficacy are dependent on children connecting often isolated social contexts, a socially embedded characteristic of the digital divide.

关键词： algorithms   Black culture   digital culture   Netflix   platforms   recommendation   users  

摘要： In October of 2018, several Black Netflix users took to Twitter to air their grievances about images in movie thumbnails featuring Black actors with minor roles, even when the movie itself was a majority white cast. In response to these critiques, Netflix claimed that because users are not asked about their racial identity, it is impossible to personalize the individual Netflix experience using identity markers. This article explores the interplay between algorithmic cultures and representations of race, examining the identity and voices of users and how their agency is affected within algorithmic systems. Users are seeking agentic traction in these algorithmic spaces, and this research begins to address how Black users are positioning themselves to make sense of the digital constraints placed on them. Black subscribers of Netflix heavily critiqued the algorithms used to advertise content to them, and I examine how Netflix constructs Black users as Black subjects in order to keep them engaged with the platform.