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关键词： Feature extraction   Hidden Markov models   Convolutional neural networks   Computer science   Computational modeling   Correlation   Training   Non-intrusive load monitoring   energy disaggregation   dual-convolutional neural network   self-attention  

摘要： Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) enables extracting individual appliances ’ power consumption data from an aggregated power signal in a cost-effective way. The extracted appliance-level power data can greatly facilitate tasks such as malfunction diagnosis and load forecasting, which are of significant importance for efficient energy use. Various neural networks including convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and transformer (self-attention-based neural network) are employed in the design of NILM solutions since 2015. In particular, CNN is revealed to extract certain critical features such as power level and typical usage duration, thus, achieving superior performance. However, the global features especially the dependency correlations between different positions in a sequence cannot be properly acquired. Accordingly, we devise a novel model incorporating an added attention layer to overcome this limitation. The added self-attention mechanism can automatically assign attention scores/weights to different features outputted by convolutional layers, which amplifies the positive influence of critical knowledge while realizing global reference. Moreover, this model can explicitly extract the appliance ’s multi-state information, which endows the model with more interpretability. We further improve our model by substituting the added self-attention mechanism with a lightweight one, which decreases the number of model parameters while maintaining the decomposing accuracy. Experimental results over two real-world datasets, REDD and UK-DALE, demonstrate that our models outperform the state-of-the-art, achieving 6.5 %-52 % improvement on average for three standard evaluation metrics. Moreover, we offer an extracted NILM solution system architecture incorporating neural networks, aiming to establish a framework to support future research.

关键词： Computer science and engineering   Doctoral research   Doctoral students   Effective supervision   Quality   Supervisor  

摘要： This article reflects on effective supervision and possible guidance for enhancing quality of doctoral research in the computer science and engineering field. The aims of this study are (1) to understand supervision and the role of supervisors in the quality of doctoral research, (2) to elaborate on effective supervision in the computer science and engineering field and challenges in effective supervision, and (3) to identify key indicators for evaluating effective supervision with a view to improving the quality of doctoral research. After studying various pieces of literature and conducting interviews with experienced supervisors and doctoral students, the article concludes by describing important characteristics in effective supervision. Some of the features for effective supervision are common to other areas of research;however, in computer science and engineering and similar fields, it is important that a supervisor takes the role of a team member by giving proper advice on the reports, algorithm and mathematical modeling developed in the research, and demonstrating the ability to provide advice on complex problems with practical approaches. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Physics   Quantum physics   Computer science   Quantum information  

摘要： Computational rules might describe the evolution of the cosmos better than the dynamical equations of physics — but only if they are given a quantum twist.

关键词： Computer science   Biotechnology   Law   Policy  

摘要： The current global mishmash of rules on whether innovations made using artificial intelligence are patentable impedes AI-rich fields such as drug discovery.

关键词： Curricula  

摘要： This paper delves into the evolving relationship between humans and computers in the realm of programming. Historically, programming has been a dialogue where humans meticulously crafted communication to suit machine understanding, shaping the trajectory of computer science education. However, the advent of AI-based no-code platforms is revolutionizing this dynamic. Now, humans can converse in their natural language, expecting machines to interpret and act. This shift has profound implications for computer science education. As educators, it’s imperative to integrate this new dynamic into curricula. In this paper, we’ve explored several pertinent research questions in this transformation, which demand continued inquiry and adaptation in our educational strategies. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19  

摘要： Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the adoption of live polling and real-time feedback tools gained traction in higher education to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. Integrating live polling activities has been shown to boost attention, participation, and understanding of course materials. However, recent changes in learning behaviours due to the pandemic necessitate a reevaluation of these active learning technologies. In this context, our study focuses on the Computer Science (CS) domain, investigating the impact of Live Polling Quizzes (LPQs) in undergraduate CS lectures. These quizzes comprise fact-based, formally defined questions with clear answers, aiming to enhance engagement, learning outcomes, and overall perceptions of the course module. A survey was conducted among 70 undergraduate CS students, attending CS modules with and without LPQs. The results revealed that while LPQs contributed to higher attendance, other factors likely influenced attendance rates more significantly. LPQs were generally viewed positively, aiding comprehension and maintaining student attention and motivation. However, careful management of LPQ frequency is crucial to prevent overuse for some students and potential reduced motivation. Clear instructions for using the polling software were also highlighted as essential. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Health sciences   Computer science   Human-centered computing  

摘要： This study examined the influence of set-interval and repetition-interval rest time of virtual reality (VR) boxing game in supine-lying posture. Fifty healthy middle-aged adults were randomly assigned into VR and non-VR groups to perform six different exercise protocols with varying set-interval and repetition-interval rest times (S0R0, S0R1/3, S0R2/3, S40R0, S40R1/3, and S40R2/3). Analysis on the non-VR group showed significant differences between exercise protocols for average heart rate (p < 0.001), maximum ventilation volume (p < 0.001), respiratory quo-tient (p < 0.001), oxygen pulse (p < 0.001), and excess post-exercise oxygen con-sumption (EPOC) (p = 0.003). VR appeared to have no further improvement on physical training effects in middle-aged adults, while the participants reported negative experience that might be associated with the over-exertion. Future study might need to explore game design elements that can accommodate high-exertion exercises.

摘要： The development of interactive multimedia is carried out to solve the problems experienced by educators in delivering course material to students. This study aims to produce interactive multimedia products in the Basics of Educational Science course and determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed interactive multimedia products to be valid, practical, and effectively used. This type of research is development research known as Research and Development (R&D), using a 4D development model. The development procedures in this study consisted of 4: (1) Define (definition), (2) Design (Design), (3) Develop (Development), (4) Disseminate (Deployment). The validity test was carried out by three validators: one material expert validator and two media expert validators. Practicality tests were carried out on 30 students from the Basics of Educational Science class at Padang State University. Based on the results of the feasibility assessment from one material expert, the interactive multimedia developed was in the "valid" category with a value of 4.79. While the results of the assessment of two media experts in the "valid" category with a value of 4.11. The results of the practicality test for interactive multimedia products are in the "valid" category with a value of 4.29. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the test obtained t = 4.67, while ttable with df = 30 at significance level α 0.05 = 2.045. It can be seen that the value of tcount is greater than ttable (4.67>2.045). Based on these results, it can be concluded that interactive multimedia can be used for students of the Basics of Educational Sciences.

关键词： Mathematics and computing   Astronomy and astrophysics   Computer science  

摘要： Mathematician and programmer who transcended barriers of race and gender.

关键词： Curricula  

摘要： All prior curricular guidelines for computer science have used a knowledge model, which consists of knowledge areas, knowledge units within the knowledge areas, and learning outcomes for the topics within those knowledge units. More recently, competency models have been explored for curricular guidelines. A competency model consists of competency specifications that list the knowledge, skills and dispositions needed to complete tasks. Both knowledge models and competency models have their benefits and shortcomings. We propose a model for computer science curricular guidelines that synergistically combines knowledge and competency models, in particular, the knowledge model last proposed in CS2013 [1] and the CoLeaf competency model last proposed in an ITiCSE working group report [8,11], both modified to facilitate integration. The combined model called CKC emphasizes both ends of the learning continuum and facilitates teaching as well as evaluation. It provides both an epistemological and teleological perspective of computer science content. We provide instructions for designing computer science curricula using the CKC model. © 2023 Association for Computing Machinery. All rights reserved.