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关键词： 死刑  

ISBN: (纸本)9787301340219

摘要： 本书关注的是20世纪后半叶美国死刑的变迁史，主要聚焦于“费曼诉佐治亚州案”和“格雷格诉佐治亚州案”这两个案子，生动细致地讲述了美国最高法院废除死刑后又恢复死刑的过程。1972年，美国最高法院在费曼诉佐治亚州案中废除了佐治亚州的死刑立法，几乎所有人都认为美国将不再有死刑。但仅仅过了四年，最高法院的态度就在格雷格诉佐治亚州案中发生了戏剧性的大转弯。这一切只因为几位大法官之间一场紧急的秘密会谈，而这场会谈的内容至今无人知晓。这一判决让瑟古德·马歇尔和威廉·布伦南两位大法官感到极度震惊和失望，也让另外几位大法官在多年后陷入深深的懊悔。本书基于访谈、法官笔记等第一手资料，通过关注案件中的重要参与者(律师、法官等)，讲述与书稿主题相关的重要判例背后的故事。

关键词： Artificial intelligence   Machine learning   Deep learning   Vascular surgery   Ethics  

摘要： Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies have garnered interest across a range of disciplines in the past several years, with an even more recent interest in various health care fields, including Vascular Surgery. AI offers a unique ability to analyze health data more quickly and efficiently than could be done by humans alone and can be used for clinical applications such as diagnosis, risk stratification, and follow-up, as well as patient-used applications to improve both patient and provider experiences, mitigate health care disparities, and individualize treatment. As with all novel technologies, AI is not without its risks and carries with it unique ethical considerations that will need to be addressed before its broad integration into health care systems. AI has the potential to revolutionize the way care is provided to patients, including those requiring vascular care. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 电子计算机  

ISBN: (纸本)9787113305383

摘要： 本书分为7章，包括计算机概论、初识网络、Python程序设计入门、Python计算生态和数据智能分析、图像处理Photoshop、Web前端网页设计、IT新技术等内容。本书理论与实操相结合，既注重计算思维能力的培养，又兼顾应用需求，循序渐进地引导学生打开计算机科学之门。

关键词： Visualization   Trajectory   Transformers   Predictive models   Feature extraction   Computer science   Behavioral sciences   Pedestrian trajectory   trajectory prediction   transformer   visual information   pedestrian intention  

摘要： Pedestrian trajectory prediction in multiple scenarios is of immense importance in autonomous driving and disentanglement of human behavior but is limited in catching human intention and initiative. Most previous works tend to predict the trajectory using only 2D coordinates, which generally cause two common problems: a) Overlooking the subjective initiative, including sudden swerve and erratic movement;b) A potential challenge called abnormal collision caused by unlabeled pedestrians on dataset is not being identified and resolved, which would ruin the model prediction. To break those limitations, we introduce visual localization and orientation as Visual Intention Knowledge to help the trajectory prediction, which is learned directly from visual scenarios. It benefits to comprehend human intention and formulates decision-making processes. Moreover, by learning from the visual information and decision-making policy, we construct the Visual Intention Knowledge associated spatio-temporal Transformer (VIKT) to predict human trajectory by combining the intention knowledge with the novel Transformer. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our VIKT model could achieve competitive performance by the Visual Intention Knowledge through optimizing the model prediction compared with state-of-the-art methods in terms of prediction accuracy on ETH/UCY and SDD benchmarks.

关键词： nomadic children   life skills   interactive television instruction   interactive radio instruction   Nigeria  

摘要： Out-of-school children are children of school age who have not been enrolled in any formal learning programme. Despite the high number of out-of-school children in Nigeria, literature is yet to pay significant attention to ways of assisting these vulnerable children to acquire life skills. This study was a comparative analysis of the impact of interactive radio (IR) and interactive television (ITV) instructions in assisting out-of-school nomadic children to develop life skills. A quasi experimental design was utilized to conduct the study involving a sample of 470 nomadic children. Going by the result, although both respondents in the IR and ITV reported a significant increase in their life skills after the intervention, participants in the ITV group reported higher score (beta = .721) in their life skills than their counterparts in IR (beta = .511). It is recommended, among others, that stakeholders in the education sector should consider the use of IR and ITV as instruments for teaching out-of-school nomadic children in Nigeria with a greater focus on ITV.

关键词： Employer attractiveness   Job pursuit intentions   Work-life balance   Employee recommendation   Job attributes   Alternative work arrangement  

摘要： Drawing on signaling theory (Spence 1978), we propose that communicating work-life balance benefits offered along with favorable employee recommendations and valued job attributes could be construed as signals organizations deliberately use to influence potential applicants' perceptions of employer attractiveness and enhance job pursuit intentions. We test these ideas in two experiments. In study 1, using carefully constructed vignettes to manipulate work-life balance (WLB) benefits, employee recommendation, and job attributes in a 2 x 2 x 2 between-subjects design and with data gathered from 320 Indian MBA students, we found support for the direct and interactive effects of these variables on employer attractiveness. In study 2, using a 3 x 2 x 2 between-subjects design and data from 360 Indian MBA students, we examined the influence of three different alternative work arrangements, a form of WLB benefit, and how such benefits interact with employee recommendations and job attributes to influence job pursuit intentions. We discuss implications for theory, research, and practice.

关键词： Computer science education   programming   teacher preparation   pre-service teachers   programming education  

摘要： This study investigates pre-service computer science (CS) teachers' perspectives on the factors affecting their programming abilities, concerns about their future professional lives, and pedagogical suggestions for effective programming teaching. The participants of the study were twenty-eight pre-service CS teachers studying at eighteen different universities in Turkiye. The data was gathered with a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. Results showed that inherent programming challenges, personal factors, and quality of undergraduate education affected pre-service CS teachers' abilities in programming teaching. They were concerned about their professional lives relating to programming teaching, keeping up with technological innovations, pedagogical concerns, and teaching practice. They also suggested pedagogical approaches that could be used in programming teaching under two categories, namely basic programming teaching, and teaching principles and techniques. The study contributes to the development of programming teaching by shedding light on the current perspectives of pre-service CS teachers on programming education.

关键词： Computer science   Social sciences   Internet   Artificial intelligence   Sociotechnical systems   Algorithm design and analysis   Human factors   Ethics   Programming  

摘要： Governing algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) involves multidisciplinary work across different fields to ensure human control over technology. This article aims to show how computer science and social sciences must work together to rethink how we oversee algorithms and AI in a more democratic way.

关键词： Computer science   Cybersecurity   Security tools   Special issue  

摘要： This special issue covers works of Russian researchers on cybersecurity, fundamental and applied information security problems, tackling computer network security as well as development and analysis of hardware and software security tools. Here we provide 12 selected papers on different topics within the above-described scope. We would like to make special mention of the invited paper "Undocumented x 86 instructions to control the CPU at the microarchitecture level in modern Intel processors", which introduces two undocumented x 86 architecture instructions which are intended to read and write Intel processors microcode data.

关键词： diversity   computer science   diversity-aware technology   Black feminism   critical race theory  

摘要： Diversity has become increasingly relevant in computer science and technology development, both in terms of inclusive design teams and as a concept used to design "diversity-aware" technologies. The latter part has received less attention and notions of diversity leveraged to design technologies remain understudied. This paper critically examines diversity concepts employed by computer scientists and designers by reviewing 120 articles in two subfields of computer science: personalized recommendations and human-computer interaction. Drawing on Black feminism and critical race theory-inspired literature, I offer a critique of demographic and cultural user representations and underscore the shortcomings of diversity as a strategy to increase user satisfaction and fairness. Particularly concerning is the unreflected use of binary, static, and individual-level diversity concepts in the design of technologies. Such concepts render structural inequalities between and within groups of users invisible and thereby risk reinforcing existing injustices. The paper closes with considerations on whether and how diversity concepts can be leveraged by designers in a social justice-oriented manner.