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关键词： Technical and vocational education   information technology and computer science   needs assessment   study skills  

摘要： Not a great deal is known about what study skills are essential for success in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics' disciplines, particularly in information technology (IT) and computer science (CS) programs in the technical and vocational education (TVE) in Taiwanese higher education. Since TVE accounts for more than half of the post-secondary enrolments in the country, and with the increasing demand for IT and CS talents, we studied perceptions of the importance and competency of such skills to identify the students' needs and demographic factors influencing them. A survey was administered to 1398 students in IT and CS programs in Taiwanese TVE universities. General skills were seen as the most important one among the study skills examined, and students felt competent using them. The needs to manage time, perform quantitative/mathematical tasks, and delegate were identified and these needs were affected by institutional quality, gender, and academic achievement. The results might be useful for further investigation in this area and guiding future plan to improve student performance in TVE.

关键词： black students   college access   college-going decisions   school counseling  

摘要： This study examined the effects of school counseling college-going culture (SCCGC) on Black male students' college outcomes using a sample from the High School Longitudinal Study, and whether these effects differed for males versus females. Regression analyses revealed that different aspects of SCCGC were more salient for Black males compared to Black females. For example, counselor expectations appeared more important for males and school connectedness for females suggesting the dangers of a one-size-fits-all approach to college going.

关键词： cellular agriculture   Aronia melanocarpa   anthocyanins   HPLC   chromogenic acid  

摘要： Cultivation of plant cells under controlled conditions is a highly effective and fast developing technology that recently was considered as a branch of cellular agriculture. Cellular agriculture is a multidisciplinary approach for sustainable and renewable production of agricultural goods and raw materials at cellular, rather than organismal, level. However, in contrast to the rapid advance in development of cultured meat and precision fermentation, the production of nutritional supplements from plant cells is still in its infancy. One of the limiting factors, striating commercialization of plant cells for food production, is the low yields of target bioactive metabolites. In this work, the changes in phenolics, anthocyanins and exopolysaccharides accumulation during cultivation of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott cell suspension cultures in darknessor under illumination (16 light and 8 dark) were investigated. The data showed that the highest contents of total phenolics (8.17 +/- 0.39 mg GAE/g DW), total anthocyanins (0.011 +/- 0.001 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/g DW) and antioxidant activities (DPPH-21.36 +/- 0.29 mu M TE/g DW;TEAC-10.08 +/- 0.07 mu M TE/g DW;FRAP-34.85 +/- 1.47 mu M TE/g DW;and CUPRAC-126.74 +/- 9.15 mu M TE/g DW) were achieved when the cells were grown under illumination (16 light and 8 dark). In contrast, when the culture was grown indarkness, the highest amounts of accumulated dry biomass (8.68 +/- 0.35 g/L) and exopolysaccharides production (2.10 +/- 0.07 g/L) were reached. The results demonstrated that light can be used as an affordable and highly effective factor to control the production of valuable antioxidants by black chokeberry cell suspension culture.

关键词： Colorectal cancer survivors   Interactive coaching   Intervention   Mobile application   Self-management   Quality of life  

摘要： Objective: To develop and evaluate the effects of an interactive coaching intervention, using a self-management mobile application, on quality of life and physical and psychological factors for colorectal cancer survivors. Methods: We developed a self-management mobile application providing social support services for post-treatment CRC survivors and evaluated its effects through baseline and post-intervention surveys. Using the biopsychosocial holistic model as the theoretical framework, automated interactive coaching technology was applied for six weeks to provide supportive services tailored for each user. To evaluate the effects of the application, self-efficacy, health practice index, depression, fear of cancer recurrence, and quality of life measures were administered to participants. A total of 34 men and 5 women were included in the analysis. Results: Participants' mean age were 54.10 years and 78% of them had been diagnosed within the last five years. There were significant increases in self-efficacy (z = 2.09, p = .04), health practice index (t = 2.35, p = .02), and quality of life (t = 2.03, p = .05). More specifically, the emotional functional score increased (z = 2.23, p = .03) while both of the total symptom score (t = 2.10, p = .04) and the fatigue symptom score (z = 2.54, p = .01) decreased after six weeks of using the mobile application. Conclusions: Interventions supporting colorectal cancer survivors' self-management are critical for addressing the challenges they face after treatment and improving their quality of life. Providing social support through mobile applications could be a good strategy in terms of usability and effectiveness.

关键词： Natural language processing   NLP methods   NLP tasks   Systematic comparison   Preferred reporting items for systematic   reviews   Bibliometric analysis   VOSViewer  

摘要： Despite the increasing use of natural language processing (NLP) in the construction domain, no systematic comparison has been conducted between NLP applications in construction and the latest advancements in NLP within the computer science domain. Therefore, this study compares NLP studies in these two domains. Firstly, a bibliometric analysis was performed on 55 publications in state-of-the-art NLP studies, which identified four main research areas in NLP. Secondly, a systematic review of 202 NLP studies in construction was conducted, presenting representative application areas of NLP and their current technical status. The results reveal a decreasing technology gap between NLP in construction and the state-of-the-art. However, the comparison also highlighted gaps in application areas and methodologies, and eight future research opportunities were proposed. This review serves as a foundation for future studies that aim to apply state-of-the-art NLP technologies in the construction domain.

关键词： introductory computer science   virtual classes   pandemic   broadening participation  

摘要： Research question: For students enrolling in introductory computer science classes at community colleges, how did they experience the class in an emergency remote teaching environment, particularly in contrast to in-person instruction at the start of the semester? Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 students from diverse backgrounds who were enrolled in introductory computer science at a community college in California during the first semester of online classes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Grounded theory data analysis was conducted on the interview data. Results: Students' overall educational trajectories were largely unchanged by the shift to emergency remote teaching. However, one crucial factor in many students' learning experiences was the lack of a physical transition to the campus and a corresponding transition into a school or studying mode supported by physically gathering with other students and away from distractions at home. Experiences in the classroom were found less engaging by many, and virtual interactions were sometimes awkward. Students struggled to get individualized help from instructors and campus resources and to interact with peers. Conclusions/Contributions: Instructors and administrators in community colleges need to be aware that the loss of college campus spaces and embodied peer interactions may pose an especially large barrier to success for the population they serve. An important takeaway for instructors is that the modalities and tools employed in emergency remote teaching are experienced quite differently by different students, and that additional supports, such as videotaped classes and flexibility in due dates, can be key for students' success.

关键词： Instructional materials development   Instructional strategies   Learning environment   Technology  

摘要： The ability to express scientific concepts in mathematical terms and integrate scientific and mathematical reasoning about a phenomenon is a foundational cognitive process involved in scientific thinking. This process called “blended math-science sensemaking” (MSS) is a desired skill for all science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students, but few students are learning it, and there is little research on how to teach it. In this work we introduce the development and testing of a novel instructional method for teaching MSS that is suitable for use in STEM courses in undergraduate and K-12 educational settings. This study builds on our past work on developing and validating a framework for characterizing in detail the cognitive levels involved in such sensemaking. This work uses the unique power of interactive simulations for assessing and developing MSS. We designed instructional activities to help students use MSS in the contexts of heat capacity and Coulomb’s law. The heat capacity activity was piloted in a freshmen chemistry course and the Coulomb’s law activity was piloted in a freshmen physics course. The results indicate that for students who came in with no knowledge of the relevant equation the activity supported the development of both the equation, and their understanding of the mathematical relationships of the equation. These results indicate that the teaching approach helps students engage in MSS at higher levels of cognitive complexity.

关键词： Machine learning   Computer science   Education   Authorship  

摘要： A new Nature series will explore the many ways in which artificial intelligence is changing science - for better and for worse.

关键词： Machine learning   Mathematics and computing   Technology   Computer science  

摘要： A Nature survey finds that scientists are concerned, as well as excited, by the increasing use of artificial-intelligence tools in research.