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关键词： Knowledge spillovers   University knowledge specialization   Artificial intelligence   New firm formation   Innovative startups  

摘要： This paper investigates the role of local knowledge specializations from universities in the artificial intelligence (AI) startup creation process. The empirical analysis is grounded in the Knowledge Spillovers Theory of Entrepreneurship. It provides evidence of the interplay between the presence of university knowledge specializations and the creation of AI startups located in Italian NUTS3 regions. More precisely, we analyze the mix of different types of university knowledge specializations able to foster the creation of AI startups, demonstrating that competencies in technological domains, such as computer science, need to be complemented with domains of applications for the emergence of AI technology. The findings indicate that the creation of AI startups is closely tied to the local knowledge present in the region. The article also proposes an empirical approach to identify and classify innovative startups operating in AI domains. Our work offers important implications for regional innovation policies and the management of AI in entrepreneurship.

关键词： Self-reported measure   Digital-trace measure   Self-regulated learning   Blended course designs   Computer science students  

摘要： This study investigated the extent to which self-report and digital-trace measures of students' self-regulated learning in blended course designs align with each other amongst 145 first-year computer science students in a blended "computer systems" course. A self-reported Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire was used to measure students' self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, test anxiety, and use of self-regulated learning strategies. Frequencies of interactions with six different online learning activities were digital-trace measures of students' online learning interactions. Students' course marks were used to represent their academic performance. SPSS 28 was used to analyse the data. A hierarchical cluster analysis using self-reported measures categorized students as better or poorer self-regulated learners;whereas a hierarchical cluster analysis using digital-trace measures clustered students as more active or less active online learners. One-way ANOVAs showed that: 1) better self-regulated learners had higher frequencies of interactions with three out of six online learning activities than poorer self-regulated learners. 2) More active online learners reported higher self-efficacy, higher intrinsic motivation, and more frequent use of positive self-regulated learning strategies, than less active online learners. Furthermore, a cross-tabulation showed significant (p < .01) but weak association between student clusters identified by self-reported and digital-trace measures, demonstrating self-reported and digital-trace descriptions of students' self-regulated learning experiences were consistent to a limited extent. To help poorer self-regulated learners improve their learning experiences in blended course designs, teachers may invite better self-regulated learners to share how they approach learning in class.

关键词： Participatory design   Community-engaged research   Meta-science   Research methodology   Learning Sciences   Human-Computer Interaction  

摘要： Given the recent call to strengthen collaboration between researchers and relevant practitioners, we consider participatory design as a way to advance Cognitive Science. Building on examples from the Learning Sciences and Human-Computer Interaction, we (a) explore what, why, who, when, and where researchers can collaborate with community members in Cognitive Science research;(b) examine the ways in which participatory-design research can benefit the field;and (c) share ideas to incorporate participatory design into existing basic and applied research programs. Through this article, we hope to spark deeper discussions on how cognitive scientists can collaborate with community members to benefit both research and practice.

关键词： Computer science   Machine learning   Extremal set theory   Turan's theorem   Ramsey's theorem  

摘要： Ramsey's theory (RAM) from combinatorics and network theory goes looking for regularities and repeated patterns inside structures equipped with nodes and edges. RAM represents the outcome of a dual methodological commitment: by one side a top-down approach evaluates the possible arrangement of specific subgraphs when the number of graph's vertices is already known, by another side a bottom-up approach calculates the possible number of graph's vertices when the arrangement of specific subgraphs is already known. Since natural neural networks are often represented in terms of graphs, we propose to use RAM for the analytical and computational assessment of the human brain connectome, i.e., the distinctive anatomical/functional structure provided with vertices and edges at different coarse-grained scales. We retrospectively examined the literature regarding graph theory in neuroscience, looking for hints that might be related to the RAM framework. At first, we establish that the peculiar network required by RAM, i.e., a graph characterized by every vertex connected with all the others, does exist inside the human brain connectome. Then, we argue that the RAM approach to nervous networks might be able to trace unexpected functional interactions and unexplored motifs shared between different cortical and subcortical subareas. Furthermore, we describe how remarkable RAM outcomes, such as the Ramsey's theorem and the Ramsey's number, might contribute to quantify novel properties of neuronal networks and uncover still unknown anatomical connexions.

摘要： To the Editor, Adult Basic Life Support (BLS) is one of the most widely taught emergency care skills for lay people. Despite this, the knowledge and skills of the adult BLS continue to be poorly retained. In recent years, the use of immersive tech...

关键词： ultrasound   choline chloride   lactic acid bacteria   fermentation   beta-glucosidase   black soybean okara  

摘要： The effects of ultrasonic treatment for the culture medium of solid black soybean okara with choline chloride (ChCl) on the survival and beta-glucosidase activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 (Lp-BCRC10357) were investigated. A mixture of 3% dried black soybean okara in de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (w/v) was used as the Oka medium. With ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz/300 W) of the Oka medium at 60 degrees C for 3 h before inoculation, the beta-glucosidase activity of Lp-BCRC10357 at 12 h and 24 h of incubation amounted to 13.35 and 15.50 U/mL, respectively, which was significantly larger than that (12.58 U/mL at 12 h and 2.86 U/mL at 24 h) without ultrasonic treatment of the medium. This indicated that ultrasonic treatment could cause the microstructure of the solid black soybean okara to be broken, facilitating the transport of ingredients and Lp-BCRC10357 into the internal structure of the okara for utilization. For the effect of ChCl (1, 3, or 5%) added to the Oka medium (w/v) with ultrasonic treatment before inoculation, using 1% ChCl in the Oka medium could stimulate the best response of Lp-BCRC10357 with the highest beta-glucosidase activity of 19.47 U/mL in 12 h of incubation, showing that Lp-BCRC10357 had a positive response when confronting the extra ChCl that acted as an osmoprotectant and nano-crowder in the extracellular environment. Furthermore, the Oka medium containing 1% ChCl with ultrasonic treatment led to higher beta-glucosidase activity of Lp-BCRC10357 than that without ultrasonic treatment, demonstrating that the ultrasonic treatment could enhance the contact of ChCl and Lp-BCRC10357 to regulate the physiological behavior for the release of enzymes. In addition, the analysis of the isoflavone content and antioxidant activity of the fermented product revealed that the addition of 1% ChCl in the Oka medium with ultrasonic treatment before inoculation allowed a higher enhancement ratio for the biotransformation of isoflavone glycosides to thei

关键词： Information age   Semantics   Computer science   Sun   Servers   Machine learning   Wireless networks  

摘要： Age of Information (AoI) is an end-to-end metric that can capture one semantic property known as the timeliness of information, which is essential in status-updating systems. Semantics of Information (SoI) captures properties of information that relate to the "goal" and "purpose" of information, which is to improve the performance of systems using the information. As a new paradigm shift toward 6G communications systems, SoI will create systems that generate, process, and transmit only a small fraction of information. Thus, they consume less energy and channel resources without sacrificing their effectiveness.

关键词： Optimization   Algebra   Recurrent neural networks   Artificial neural networks   Neurons   Neurodynamics   Computer science   Clifford-valued distributed optimization   Clifford-valued neural networks   Lyapunov theory   nonsmooth analysis  

摘要： In this paper, we address the Clifford-valued distributed optimization subject to linear equality and inequality constraints. The objective function of the optimization problems is composed of the sum of convex functions defined in the Clifford domain. Based on the generalized Clifford gradient, a system of multiple Clifford-valued recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is proposed for solving the distributed optimization problems. Each Clifford-valued RNN minimizes a local objective function individually, with local interactions with others. The convergence of the neural system is rigorously proved based on the Lyapunov theory. Two illustrative examples are delineated to demonstrate the viability of the results in this article.

关键词： Platichthys flesus   Black Sea   Gonadal development   Histology  

摘要： Diversification of cultured fish species leads to a more resilient aquaculture sector in the face of challenges. The European flounder, Platichthys flesus, is a demersal fish species with great culture potential due to its commercial value. A comprehensive understanding of gonadal development could provide valuable information to understand spawning biology of the species and identify spawning season. Yet detailed information about the gonadal development of the European flounder is not available. In this study, gonadal development and the timing of gonadal differentiation in a Black Sea population of European flounder were investigated by histological examination. Wild European flounder broodstock was captured from the Black Sea before the spawning season and acclimated to culture conditions. Produced offspring were reared in a hatchery for two years in tanks with a seawater flow system at natural water temperature. In July, starting from 15 months of age, five female and five male fish were sampled monthly for a year to assess gonadal development. The hatchery-reared European flounder first reached sexual maturity at around 2 years of age and gonadal development of the testis and ovaries was classified into six successive stages. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females increased from July to April and then decreased in May and June while the GSI of males increased from November to January and then decreased in May and June. These results suggest that European flounder in the Black Sea begin to mature in the fall and 2-year-old males and females could be used as broodstock for reproduction in spring under culture conditions.