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关键词： Computer science   Machine learning   Technology  

摘要： The large language models popularized by chatbots are being taught to alternate reasoning with calls to external tools, such as Wikipedia, to boost their accuracy. The strategy could improve fact-finding outcomes, as well as online shopping.

关键词： Biomedical engineering   Computer science  

摘要： Surgical skill requires the manipulation of soft viscoelastic media. Its measurement through generative models is essential both for accurate quantification of surgical ability and for eventual automation in robotic platforms. Here we describe a sensorised scalpel, along with a generative model to assess surgical skill in elliptical excision, a representative manipulation task. Our approach allows us to capture temporal features via data collection and downstream analysis. We demonstrate that incision forces carry information that is relevant for skill interpretation, but inaccessible via conventional descriptive statistics. We tested our approach on 12 medical students and two practicing surgeons using a tissue phantom mimicking the properties of human skin. We demonstrate that our approach can bring deeper insight into performance analysis than traditional time and motion studies, and help to explain subjective assessor skill ratings. Our technique could be useful in applications spanning forensics, pathology as well as surgical skill quantification.

关键词： Computer science   Software  

摘要： Fundamental algorithms such as sorting or hashing are used trillions of times on any given day(1). As demand for computation grows, it has become critical for these algorithms to be as performant as possible. Whereas remarkable progress has been achieved in the past(2), making further improvements on the efficiency of these routines has proved challenging for both human scientists and computational approaches. Here we show how artificial intelligence can go beyond the current state of the art by discovering hitherto unknown routines. To realize this, we formulated the task of finding a better sorting routine as a single-player game. We then trained a new deep reinforcement learning agent, AlphaDev, to play this game. AlphaDev discovered small sorting algorithms from scratch that outperformed previously known human benchmarks. These algorithms have been integrated into the LLVM standard C++ sort library(3). This change to this part of the sort library represents the replacement of a component with an algorithm that has been automatically discovered using reinforcement learning. We also present results in extra domains, showcasing the generality of the approach.

关键词： Sociology   Computer science  

摘要： Analysis of people's web searches and visited websites suggests that it is more likely that they are choosing to engage with partisan or unreliable news than that they are being unduly exposed to it by search-engine algorithms.

关键词： Machine learning   Computer science   Computational biology and bioinformatics   Information technology  

摘要： Although powerful, the tools are not as intelligent as they seem. Use them with caution, computer scientists warn.

关键词： Students  

摘要： The use of AI assistants, along with the challenges they present, has sparked significant debate within the community of computer science education. While these tools demonstrate the potential to support students’ learning and instructors’ teaching, they also raise concerns about enabling unethical uses by students. Previous research has suggested various strategies aimed at addressing these issues. However, they concentrate on introductory programming courses and focus on one specific type of problem. The present research evaluated the performance of ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art AI assistant, at solving 187 problems spanning three distinct types that were collected from six undergraduate computer science. The selected courses covered different topics and targeted different program levels. We then explored methods to modify these problems to adapt them to ChatGPT’s capabilities to reduce potential misuse by students. Finally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 computer science instructors. The aim was to gather their opinions on our problem modification methods, understand their perspectives on the impact of AI assistants on computer science education, and learn their strategies for adapting their courses to leverage these AI capabilities for educational improvement. The results revealed issues ranging from academic fairness to long-term impact on students’ mental models. From our results, we derived design implications and recommended tools to help instructors design and create future course material that could more effectively adapt to AI assistants’ capabilities. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3x + 1   Collatz   Solved   Computer Science   Number Theory   New Algo-rithm  

摘要： The 3x + 1 problem, is a math problem that has baffled mathematicians for over 50 years. It’s easy to explain: take any positive number, if it’s even, divide it by 2;if it’s odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1. Repeat this process with the resulting number, and the conjecture says that you will eventually reach 1. Despite testing all starting values up to an enormous number, no one has proved the conjecture is true for all possible starting values. The problem’s importance lies in its simplicity and difficulty, inspiring new ideas in mathematics and advancing fields like number theory, dynamical systems, and computer science. Proving or disproving the conjecture would revolutionize our understanding of math. The presence of infinite sequences is a matter of question. To investigate and solve this conjecture, we are utilizing a novel approach involving the fields of number theory and computer science.

关键词： 计算机公共基础课程   新农科建设   教学改革  

摘要： 计算机公共基础课程作为高等农业院校一个重要公共基础课程,教学质量直接影响新农科建设目标的实现。能力培养是大学计算机公共基础课程教育的主体,新时期要以社会需求为目标进行计算机公共基础课程改革。在新农科建设背景下,计算机公共基础课程要注重理念引领,树立综合化工程教育理念,推进学科交叉培养,高等农业院校计算机公共基础课程教学必须进行改革,才能推动高校的新农科建设。学生是教育的主体,逐步提高学习效率是计算机公共基础课程教学改革的目标。计算机公共基础课程教学内容要根据计算机学科的热门方向,规划出内容精炼、实际常用和针对性强的学习内容;教学方法一方面要利用线上MOOC的教学形式,另一方面还要针对每一堂课给大学生设计“微课”,提高大学生的自主学习能力,并引入新的教学方式,利用Scratch等动画编程软件,让大学生从设计游戏中了解计算机知识;结合新农科建设要求,强化实践操作考核、设置中期考核,并增加考核内容,以动画游戏的形式,让大学生理解程序及程序的运行原理。

关键词： Software testing  

摘要： Software testing is one of the crucial supporting processes of the software life cycle. Unfortunately for the software industry, the role is stigmatized, partly due to misperception and partly due to treatment of the role. The present study aims to analyse the situation to explore what restricts computer science and software engineering students from taking up a testing career in the software industry. To conduct this study, we surveyed 88 Pakistani students taking computer science or software engineering degrees. The results showed that the present study supports previous work into the unpopularity of testing compared to other software life cycle roles. Furthermore, the findings of our study showed that the role of tester has become a social role, with as many social connotations as technical implications. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.