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关键词： Indexes   Education   Cultural differences   Computer science   Surveys   Soft sensors   STEM  

摘要： The past several decades have seen enormous growth in the computing sciences, marked by increased educational and professional opportunities. Noting the implications of these opportunities for individual life chances and for social and economic developments, we explore demographic patterns in terms of varying representation in computing in the United States (U.S.). Using currently available data to delineate the demography of U.S. computing, the analysis points to deeply institutionalized and contextually embedded factors and relationships affecting educational and workforce participation and inclusion. Findings confirm that, despite growth in the number of computer science degrees awarded in the United States, the demographic diversity of degree recipients has been slow to change. Moreover, the U.S. advanced-degreed computing workforce is less diverse than workforce segments with lower educational credential requirements. Such findings are presented not merely relative to questions of numerical representations but also in terms of the sociocultural and institutional processes that determine participation and inclusion in computing.

关键词： Education   Computer science education   Educational courses   Educational programs   Computer science  

摘要： This article describes the process and factors involved in creating a new bachelor's level education in computer engineering, including a specialization in chip design at the Technical University of Denmark to help meet the demand of the industry. We also provide an overview of the program's structural principles and concepts.

摘要： Facilitating more effective public engagement with a computer science perspective.

关键词： health   hypoacusis   educational institution   sound sensors   IoT   noise pollution   Panama  

摘要： Noise pollution is a growing problem in urban areas, and it is important to study and evaluate its impact on human health and well-being. This work presents the design of a low-cost IoT model and implementation of two prototypes to collect noise level data in a specific area of the regional center of Chiriqui, at the Technological University of Panama that can be replicated to create a noise monitoring network. The prototypes were designed using Autodesk Fusion 360, and the data were stored in a MySQL database. Microsoft Excel and ArcGIS Pro were used to analyze the data, generate graphs, and display the information on maps. The results of the analysis can be used to develop strategies to reduce noise pollution and improve the quality of life in urban areas.

关键词： Computer science   Systems engineering and theory   Safety   Artificial intelligence   Computer security   Security  

摘要： This article sheds light on the need for the computer science and the broader engineering communities to collaborate on taking a system engineering approach to artificial intelligence security and safety. I offer three recommendations to how to address this need.

关键词： Authorization   Complexity theory   Software   Business   Absorption   Software algorithms   Computer science   Authorisations   constraints   fixed parameter tractability   workflow satisfiability problem  

摘要： The workflow satisfiability problem (WSP) is a well-studied problem in access control seeking allocation of authorised users to every step of the workflow, subject to workflow specification constraints. It was noticed that the number kof steps is typically small compared to the number of users in the real-world instances of WSP;therefore k is considered as the parameter in WSP parametrised complexity research. While WSP in general was shown to be W[1]-hard, WSP restricted to a special case of user-independent (UI) constraints is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT). However, restriction to the UI constraints might be impractical. To efficiently handle non-UI constraints, we introduce the notion of branching factor of a constraint. As long as the branching factors of the constraints are relatively small and the number of non-UI constraints is reasonable, WSP can be solved in FPT time. Extending the results from Karapetyan et al. (2019), we demonstrate that general-purpose solvers are capable of achieving FPT-like performance on WSP with arbitrary constraints when used with appropriate formulations. This enables one to tackle most of practical WSP instances. While important on its own, we hope that this result will also motivate researchers to look for FPT-aware formulations of other FPT problems.

关键词： aggravating evidence   capital punishment   death penalty   jury decision-making   mitigating evidence  

摘要： The US Supreme Court has required that death penalty procedures narrow the class of persons eligible for a death sentence. Through the selection requirement, juries must use mitigating and aggravating evidence jointly to determine if a defendant is one of the worst of the worst, resulting in a sentence of life without parole or death. This study analyzed capital trial transcripts from the punishment phase to assess the type and amount of mitigating and aggravating evidence presented to jurors in cases resulting in life without parole and death. The main assumption of the research was that cases resulting in life without the possibility of parole (LWOP) would reveal patterns in the types of evidence presented and differing patterns in cases where the jury handed down a sentence of death. The study qualitatively examined the trial transcripts from the punishment phase of 18 capital murders (nine resulting in LWOP and nine in death). The extra-legal factors from each LWOP case were matched to a death case to eliminate sentencing discrepancies based on jurisdiction, race of defendant or victim, aggravator, age etc. The results found no consistent patterns of evidence presented in cases resulting life without parole and some relevant patterns in sentences resulting in death.

关键词： computer science   artificial intelligence   machine learning   burnout   clinical reasoning  

摘要： Machine learning is increasingly being used to solve clinical problems in diagnosis, therapy and care. Aim: the main aim of the study was to investigate how the selected machine learning algorithms deal with the problem of determining a virtual mental health index. Material and Methods: a number of machine learning models based on Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent, limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno, Online Gradient Descent, etc., were built based on a clinical dataset and compared based on criteria in the form of learning time, running time during use and regression accuracy. Results: the algorithm with the highest accuracy was Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent, but although its performance was high, it had significantly longer training and prediction times. The fastest algorithm looking at learning and prediction time, but slightly less accurate, was the limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno. The same data set was also analyzed automatically using ***. Findings from the study can be used to build larger systems that automate early mental health diagnosis and help differentiate the use of individual algorithms depending on the purpose of the system.

关键词： Computer science   Machine learning  

摘要： UK and US governments establish efforts to democratize access to supercomputers that will aid studies on AI systems.

关键词： Vaccines   Indexes   COVID-19   Pandemics   Analytical models   Social factors   Computer science   epidemic vulnerability index   agent-based model   clinical and social data analysis   simulation-based inference   statistical proliferation estimation   vaccine distribution strategy  

摘要： COVID-19 vaccine distribution route directly impacts the community's mortality and infection rate. Therefore, optimal vaccination dissemination would appreciably lower the death and infection rates. This paper proposes the Epidemic Vulnerability Index (EVI) that quantitatively evaluates the subject's potential risk. Our primary aim for the suggested index is to diminish both infection rate and death rate efficiently. EVI was accordingly designed with clinical factors determining the mortality and social factors incorporating the infection rate. Through statistical COVID-19 patient dataset analysis and social network analysis with an agent-based model that is analogous to a real-world system, we define and experimentally validate the capability of EVI. Our experiments consist of nine vaccination distribution scenarios, including existing indexes which estimate the risk and stochastically proliferate the contagion and vaccine in a 300,000 agent-based graph network. We compared the outcome and variation of the three metrics in the experiments: infection case, death case, and death rate. Through this assessment, vaccination by the descending order of EVI has shown to have a significant outcome with an average of 5.0% lower infection cases, 9.4% lower death cases, and 3.5% lower death rate than other vaccine distribution routes.