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关键词： Computer science   Technology   Machine learning   Mathematics and computing  

摘要： Ilya Sutskever has played a key part in developing the conversational AI systems that are starting to change society.

关键词： Information technology   Computer science   Society  

摘要： To counter misinformation, people are often advised to check the truth of claims by searching online. Five experiments show that this can actually increase people’s belief that false or misleading articles are true, an effect that might be driven by low-quality search results.

关键词： Computer science   Antibiotics   Drug discovery  

摘要： An artificial-intelligence graph neural network was trained on experimental data and used to identify chemical substructures that underlie selective antibiotic activity in more than 12 million compounds. This led to the discovery of a class of antibiotics with in vitro and in vivo activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus.

关键词： Climate change   Computer science   Politics  

摘要： Games, seasonal science songs, andNature’s 10.

关键词： Biological sciences   Neuroscience   Computer science   Applied computing  

摘要： The neural and computational mechanisms underlying visual motion perception have been extensively investigated over several decades, but little attempt has been made to measure and analyze, how human observers perceive the map of motion vectors, or optical flow, in complex naturalistic scenes. Here, we developed a psychophysical method to assess human-perceived motion flows using local vector matching and a flash probe. The estimated perceived flow for naturalistic movies agreed with the physically correct flow (ground truth) at many points, but also showed consistent deviations from the ground truth (flow illusions) at other points. Comparisons with the predictions of various computational models, including cutting-edge computer vision algorithms and coordinate transformation models, indicated that some flow illusions are attributable to lower-level factors such as spatiotemporal pooling and signal loss, while others reflect higher-level computations, including vector decomposition. Our study demonstrates a promising data-driven psychophysical paradigm for an advanced understanding of visual motion perception.

关键词： Oncology   pathology   Computer science  

摘要： Computational pathology for gigapixel whole-slide images (WSIs) at slide level is helpful in disease diagnosis and remains challenging. We propose a context-aware approach termed WSI inspection via transformer (WIT) for slide-level classification via holistically modeling dependencies among patches on WSI. WIT automatically learns feature representation of WSI by aggregating features of all image patches. We evaluate classification performance of WIT and state-of-the-art baseline method. WIT achieved an accuracy of 82.1% (95% CI, 80.7%–83.3%) in the detection of 32 cancer types on the TCGA dataset, 0.918 (0.910–0.925) in diagnosis of cancer on the CPTAC dataset, and 0.882 (0.87–0.890) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer from needle biopsy slide, outperforming the baseline by 31.6%, 5.4%, and 9.3%, respectively. WIT can pinpoint the WSI regions that are most influential for its decision. WIT represents a new paradigm for computational pathology, facilitating the development of digital pathology tools.

关键词： Neuroscience   Computer science   Computer hardware   Computer architecture  

摘要： Memory-augmented neural network (MANN) has received increasing attention as a promising approach to achieve lifelong on-device learning, of which implementation of the explicit memory is vital. Content addressable memory (CAM) has been designed to accelerate the explicit memory by harnessing the in memory-computing capability. In this work, a CAM cell with quadratic code is proposed, and a 1Mb Flash-based multi-bit CAM chip capable of computing Euclidean (L2) distance is fabricated. Compared with ternary CAM, the latency and energy are significantly reduced by 5.3-and 46.6-fold, respectively, for the MANN on Omniglot dataset. Besides, the recognition accuracy has slight degradation (<1%) even after baking for 10(5) s at 200 degrees C, demonstrating the robustness to environmental disturbance. Performance evaluation indicates a reduction of 471-fold in latency and 1267-fold in energy compared with GPU for search operation. The proposed robust and energy-efficient CAM provides a promising solution to implement lifelong on-device machine intelligence.

摘要： This study reports the impact of examining either with digital or paper-based tests in science subjects taught across the secondary level. With our method, we compare the percentile ranking scores of two cohorts earned in computer- and paper-based teacher-made assessments to find signals of a testing mode effect. It was found that overall, at cohort and gender levels, pupils were rank-ordered equivalently in both testing modes. Furthermore, females and top-achieving pupils were the two subgroups where the differences between modes were smaller. The practical implications of these findings are discussed from the lens of a case study and the doubt about whether regular schools could afford to deliver high-stakes computer-based tests. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.