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关键词： Artificial intelligence   Approximation algorithms   Search problems   Image edge detection   Motion pictures   Computer science   Indexes   Community search   edge-attributed graphs  

摘要： Given a graph, searching for a community containing a query vertex is a fundamental problem and has found many applications. Most existing community search models are based on non-attributed or vertex-attributed graphs. In many real-world graphs, however, the edges carry the richest information to describe the interactions between vertices;hence, it is important to take the information into account in community search. In this paper, we conduct a pioneer study on the community search on edge-attributed graphs. We proposed the Edge-Attributed Community Search (EACS) problem, which aims to extract a subgraph that contains the given query vertex while its edges have the maximum attribute similarity. We prove that the EACS problem is NP-hard and propose both exact and 2-approximation algorithms to address EACS. Our exact algorithms run up to 2320.34 times faster than the baseline solution. Our approximate algorithms further improve the efficiency by up to 2.93 times. We conducted extensive experiments to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithms.

关键词： 以科学为基础的技术创新   产学研   大规模创新   链式反应   动力机制  

摘要： 通过对半导体、数字计算机与无线电的技术创新研究和产业演化研究,分析以科学为基础的技术创新及其产业化路径、条件、动力,阐释建立大规模技术创新与产业演化的动力机制。研究发现科研机构与企业实验室的大规模聚集加快了技术创新速度,并推动技术创新沿“科研机构—企业”与“企业—企业”2条路径扩散,形成大规模技术创新的链式反应;大科学工程为该链式反应创造临界条件,区域资源和人才总量是创新规模的边界条件;战略需求为技术产业孵化提供了基本动力,市场需求推动新兴技术产业向规模产业演化,为产业大规模技术创新提供持续动力。研究结论进一步完善了产学研协同创新的动力机制,对于中国进行科技创新与产业升级具有启示意义。

摘要： This paper presents a course model for teaching ethics to Computer Science students without being linked to a technical topic which helps students think more holistically. The course model proposed allows for students to build on their philosophy of ethics course from the core and to focus on current issues in technology. The assignments and topic generation activities presented can be easily adopted, even into other courses for institutions that don't offer technology focused ethics course. This course assists in aligning the Computer Science major curriculum with one of the five ABET program outcomes and to align with current guidance from ACM. The course was evaluated with a student survey to assess five learning objectives. The initial survey results show that students felt they improved on all five, especially in their ability to identify ethical issues in design decisions.

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关键词： Handheld computers   Standards   Kernel   Feature extraction   Computer science   Transfer learning   Technological innovation   Class-conditional alignment   contrastive learning   discriminative learning   partial domain adaptation (PDA)   transfer learning  

摘要： This work addresses unsupervised partial domain adaptation (PDA), in which classes in the target domain are a subset of the source domain. The key challenges of PDA are how to leverage source samples in the shared classes to promote positive transfer and filter out the irrelevant source samples to mitigate negative transfer. Existing PDA methods based on adversarial DA do not consider the loss of class discriminative representation. To this end, this article proposes a contrastive learning-assisted alignment (CLA) approach for PDA to jointly align distributions across domains for better adaptation and to reweight source instances to reduce the contribution of outlier instances. A contrastive learning-assisted conditional alignment (CLCA) strategy is presented for distribution alignment. CLCA first exploits contrastive losses to discover the class discriminative information in both domains. It then employs a contrastive loss to match the clusters across the two domains based on adversarial domain learning. In this respect, CLCA attempts to reduce the domain discrepancy by matching the class-conditional and marginal distributions. Moreover, a new reweighting scheme is developed to improve the quality of weights estimation, which explores information from both the source and the target domains. Empirical results on several benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed CLA outperforms the existing state-of-the-art PDA methods.

关键词： artificial intelligence   radiology   gender equity   bioethics   computer science   editorial policies  

摘要： BackgroundThe growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly radiology, requires its unbiased and fair development and implementation, starting with the constitution of the scientific *** examine the gender and country distribution among academic editors in leading computer science and AI *** and MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed the gender and country distribution among editors-in-chief, senior, and associate editors in all 75 Q1 computer science and AI journals in the Clarivate Journal Citations Report and SCImago Journal Ranking 2022. Gender was determined using an open-source algorithm (Gender Guesser (TM)), selecting the gender with the highest calibrated *** 4,948 editorial board members, women were underrepresented in all positions (editors-in-chief/senior editors/associate editors: 14%/18%/17%). The proportion of women correlated positively with the SCImago Journal Rank indicator (rho = 0.329;p = .004). The U.S., the U.K., and China comprised 50% of editors, while Australia, Finland, Estonia, Denmark, the Netherlands, the U.K., Switzerland, and Slovenia had the highest women editor representation per million women *** results highlight gender and geographic disparities on leading computer science and AI journal editorial boards, with women being underrepresented in all positions and a disproportional relationship between the Global North and South.

关键词： Automated grading   computer science   evolutionary algorithms   machine learning (ML)   rubric  

摘要： The evaluation of student projects is a difficult task, especially when they involve both a technical and a creative component. We propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodology to help in the evaluation of complex projects in engineering and computer science courses. This methodology is intended to evaluate the assessment process itself allowing to analyze the influence of each variable in the final grade, to discover possible biases, inconsistencies and discrepancies, and to generate appropriate rubrics that help to avoid them. As an example of its application, we consider the evaluation of the projects submitted in an undergraduate introductory course on computer science. Using data collected from the evaluation during five academic years, we follow the proposed methodology to create AI models and analyze the main variables which are involved in the assessment of the projects. The proposed methodology can be applied to other courses and degrees, where both technical and creative components are considered to evaluate the projects.

关键词： Terrorism   Prediction algorithms   Correlation   Organizations   Leadership   Computer science   Weapons   Counterterrorism   machine learning   terrorism  

摘要： Without measures of the lethality of terrorist networks, it is very difficult to assess if capturing or killing a terrorist is effective. We present the predictive lethality analysis of terrorist organization () algorithm, which merges machine learning with techniques from graph theory and social network analysis to predict the number of attacks that a terrorist network will carry out based on a network structure alone. We show that is highly accurate on two novel datasets, which cover Al Qaeda (AQ) and the Islamic State (ISIS). Using both machine learning and statistical methods, we show that the most significant macrofeatures for predicting AQ's lethality are related to their public communications (PCs) and logistical subnetworks, while the leadership and operational subnetworks are most impactful for predicting ISISs lethality. Across both groups, the average degree and the diameters of the strongly connected components (SCCs) within these networks are strongly linked with lethality.

关键词： Task analysis   Urban areas   Knowledge transfer   Current measurement   Computer science   Autonomous vehicles   Training   Agent advising   deep neural network   multiagent learning  

摘要： In multiagent learning, one of the main ways to improve learning performance is to ask for advice from another agent. Contemporary advising methods share a common limitation that a teacher agent can only advise a student agent if the teacher has experience with an identical state. However, in highly complex learning scenarios, such as autonomous driving, it is rare for two agents to experience exactly the same state, which makes the advice less of a learning aid and more of a one-time instruction. In these scenarios, with contemporary methods, agents do not really help each other learn, and the main outcome of their back and forth requests for advice is an exorbitant communications' overhead. In human interactions, teachers are often asked for advice on what to do in situations that students are personally unfamiliar with. In these, we generally draw from similar experiences to formulate advice. This inspired us to provide agents with the same ability when asked for advice on an unfamiliar state. Hence, we propose a model-based self-advising method that allows agents to train a model based on states similar to the state in question to inform its response. As a result, the advice given can not only be used to resolve the current dilemma but also many other similar situations that the student may come across in the future via self-advising. Compared with contemporary methods, our method brings a significant improvement in learning performance with much lower communication overheads.

摘要： Readers of Benito Cereno, Melville's only story about slavery, have long debated whether the Black mutineers aboard the San Dominick are, as the narrator suggests, "voiceless." This essay begins with the self-fashioned muteness of the rebellion's leaders to offer a new linguistic genealogy of the novella, unpacking how Melville uses the cultural and legal structures of muteness to reframe Black communication. The category mute organizes the story's description, characterization, dialogue, and mode and structures the conditions of possibility for Black testimony. Such lessons were, the story's publication context reveals, more available to Melville's original readers. In showing how cultural and legal structures associated with disability served as resources for Black rights, this essay reveals how structurally intersectional analysis can resurface central aspects of a text. The cultural and legal history of Deaf culture make sites of Black communication and the possibility of Black testimony in Melville's novella legible once more.