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关键词： computer science   engineering   longitudinal analysis   random forest   retention  

摘要： BackgroundDespite the vital function of engineering and computer science (Eng & CS) to innovation and economic development, retention within Eng & CS programs remains a major challenge in the U.S. educational system. Despite extensive research on influential factors of retention, there is a gap in our understanding of how these factors rank in relative importance and their temporal *** study aims to identify and compare the factors and demographic variables that predict retention in Eng & CS programs at two critical timepoints: from the first to the third year, and from the third year to completion within 6 *** study applied random forest analyses to a longitudinal dataset from the nationally representative BPS 12/17 *** school academic preparation is the most important predictor of both 3-year and 6-year retention. Psychological factors are more crucial to retention in the early stages, while a more diverse, practical, career-oriented set of factors gains importance when it comes to the 6-year retention *** study advocates for stage-wise interventions, such as enhanced academic preparation programs and robust support networks in the early stages, and career services and practical support systems as students advance. The findings also highlight the importance of peer support networks and tailored support from institutions.

关键词： Vegetation   Clustering Algorithms   Phylogeny   Filtering Algorithms   Computational Biology   Upper Bound   Time Complexity   Electronic Mail   Computer Science   Bioinformatics   Phylogenetic Trees   Clusters   Consensus Trees   Frequency Difference Consensus Trees   Pairwise Compatibility   Tree Algorithms   Frequency Deviation   Consensus Tree   Phylogeny   Linear Time   Efficient Algorithm   Time Complexity   Number Of Trees   Example In Fig   Subtree   Cluster C   Lowest Common Ancestor   Set Of Taxa   Phase Of The Algorithm   Relevant Nodes   Divide And Conquer Approach   Bottom Up Manner   Merging Algorithm   Input Tree   Coverage Path  

摘要： Consensus trees have been widely used in evolutionary studies to combine phylogenetic information of individual gene trees. This paper studies one of the most well-known consensus tree methods: the frequency difference consensus tree. Jansson et al. [IEEE/ACM TCBB, 2018] had an $O( {\text{min}}\{ {{{k}^2}n,\ k{{n}^2}} \} + kn\ \mathrm{l}{{\mathrm{g}}^2}n )$-time algorithm for constructing the frequency difference consensus tree of k phylogenetic trees on the same set of n taxa. Later, Gawrychowski et al. [ICALP, 2018] gave an improved upper bound of $O( {kn\ \mathrm{l}{{\mathrm{g}}^2}\ n} )$. This paper further reduces the upper bound to O(kn lg n). In addition, this paper presents a simple $O( {{{k}^2}n} )$-time algorithm. It is the fastest when k = O(lg n). Especially, when k = O(1), linear time is achieved.

摘要： How computer science conferences are navigating the new frontier in scholarly writing.

关键词： Author impact assessment   Statistical models   H index   Parameter ranking   Scientometrics  

摘要： Evaluating researcher impact is a critical aspect of scientometrics, influencing key academic decisions such as promotions, funding allocations, and prestigious awards. While traditional bibliometric indicators such as the h-index and its various extensions are widely adopted, ongoing debates persist regarding their accuracy in capturing true research impact. This study introduces a novel index aimed at improving researcher evaluation in the field of computer science. Using a dataset of 1200 researchers, evenly split between 600 award recipients and 600 non-recipients, we systematically evaluate individual bibliometric indices to identify the most effective parameters. These top-performing parameters are then combined using advanced statistical models including the geometric mean, harmonic mean, and contra-harmonic mean, etc., to determine the optimal aggregation method for impact assessment. The outcome of this study indicate that the h2-upper index and the AWCR index demonstrate the highest predictive accuracy among individual indicators. Moreover, the contra-harmonic mean proves to be the most effective statistical model for combining parameters. Based on these insights, we propose a new index derived by applying the contra-harmonic mean to the best-performing parameter pair. This enhanced framework offers a more robust and reliable approach to researcher evaluation, supporting improved academic assessment and recognition in computer science.

关键词： Computation theory  

摘要： We look at consciousness through the lens of Theoretical Computer Science, a branch of mathematics that studies computation under resource limitations, distinguishing functions that are efficiently computable from those that are not. From this perspective, we are developing a formal machine model for consciousness. We are inspired by Alan Turing’s simple yet powerful model of computation and Bernard Baars’ theater model of consciousness. Though extremely simple, the model (1) aligns at a high level with many of the major scientific theories of human and animal consciousness, (2) provides explanations at a high level for many phenomena associated with consciousness, (3) gives insight into how a machine can have subjective consciousness, and (4) is clearly buildable. This combination supports our claim that machine consciousness is not only plausible but *** Codes 68T01 © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Educational technology  

摘要： With the proliferation of large language model (LLM) applications since 2022, their use in education has sparked both excitement and concern. Recent studies consistently highlight students’ (mis)use of LLMs can hinder learning outcomes. This work aims to teach students how to effectively prompt LLMs to improve their learning. We first proposed pedagogical prompting, a theoretically-grounded new concept to elicit learning-oriented responses from LLMs. To move from concept design to a proof-of-concept learning intervention in a real educational setting, we selected early undergraduate CS education (CS1/CS2) as the example context. We began with a formative survey study with instructors teaching early-stage undergraduate-level CS courses (N=36) to inform the instructional design based on classroom needs. Based on their insights, we designed and developed a learning intervention as an interactive system with scenario-based instruction to train pedagogical prompting skills. Finally, we evaluated its instructional effectiveness through a user study with undergraduate CS novices (N=22) using pre/post-tests. Through mixed methods analyses, our results indicate significant improvements in learners’ LLM-based pedagogical help-seeking skills along with positive attitudes toward the system and increased willingness to use pedagogical prompts in their future learning. The contributions include (1) a theoretical framework of pedagogical prompting;(2) empirical insights into current instructor attitudes toward pedagogical prompting;and (3) a learning intervention design with an interactive learning tool and scenario-based instruction leading to promising results on teaching LLM-based help-seeking. Our approach is scalable for broader implementation in classrooms and has the potential to be integrated into tools like ChatGPT as an on-boarding experience to encourage learning-oriented use of generative AI. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum information   Computer science   Information technology  

摘要： A quantum random-number generator has been developed that uses classical cryptography to certify that its output was produced by a quantum process.

关键词： Computer science   Ethics   Machine learning  

摘要： The output of computer-vision research is overwhelmingly aimed towards monitoring humans. The potential ethical implications need more scrutiny. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

关键词： Physiology   Human behaviour   Computer science  

摘要： Your inhalation and exhalation pattern is not only unique to you, it can be a marker of your physical and mental state, study suggests.