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关键词： Electronic learning   Recommender systems   Autism   Visualization   Computer science   Training   Information and communication technology   Assistive technologies   Applied behavior analysis (ABA)   assistive technology (AT)   autism spectrum disorder (ASD)   content recommender system   collaborative filtering recommender system   electronic learning (E-learning)   hybrid recommender system   information and communication system (ICT)  

摘要： Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Asperger's syndrome, has an impact on cognition, social relationships, and behavior. Based on these characteristics and their learning interests, e-learning (Electronic Learning) recommendation systems attempt to provide personalized recommendations. This may enhance the learning ability of individuals with ASD. However, some technological challenges limit the ability of the population to use support scenarios and prevent efficient learning. This study tries to review e-learning recommender systems for individuals with ASD. The main identified aspects are 1) lack of design principles while building customized e-learning platforms for those with ASD;2) technological limitations to developing recommender systems for e-learning, and 3) suggestions that reduce field limitations. The studies additionally discovered that social communication and psychological abilities had the greatest focus of study. A small number of studies mentioned the participant's ASD level, the majority of the articles highlighted the beneficial effects of designing a content-based recommender system specifically for those with ASD.

关键词： Computer Science   Logic in Computer Science  

摘要： In the literature on Kleene algebra, a number of variants have been proposed which impose additional structure specified by a theory, such as Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) and the recent Kleene algebra with observations (KAO), or make specific assumptions about certain constants, as for instance in NetKAT. Many of these variants fit within the unifying perspective offered by Kleene algebra with hypotheses , which comes with a canonical language model constructed from a given set of hypotheses. For the case of KAT, this model corresponds to the familiar interpretation of expressions as languages of guarded strings. A relevant question therefore is whether Kleene algebra together with a given set of hypotheses is complete with respect to its canonical language model. In this paper, we revisit, combine and extend existing results on this question to obtain tools for proving completeness in a modular way. We showcase these tools by giving new and modular proofs of completeness for KAT, KAO and NetKAT, and we prove completeness for new variants of KAT: KAT extended with a constant for the full relation, KAT extended with a converse operation, and a version of KAT where the collection of tests only forms a distributive lattice.

关键词： cardiopulmonary resuscitation   basic life support   serious game   CPR training   usability   cardiopulmonary   emergency   life support   CPR   training   education   game   gaming   educational   resuscitation   survey   satisfaction   SUS   user experience   System Usability Scale  

摘要： Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation increase survival chances [3]. All (N=17) IT professionals (n=8) HCPsa (n=9) P value Participant characteristics  Age (years), median (IQR) 22.00 (20.00-26.00) 21.00 (18.75-22.75) 24.00 (22.00-27.00) .07b  Male sex, n (%) 8 (47) 4 (50) 4 (44) > .99c SUS scores, median (IQR)  Question 1 3.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (2.00-3.25) 4.00 (3.00-4.00) .08b  Question 2 2.00 (2.00-3.00) 2.00 (1.75-3.00) 3.00 (2.00-3.00) .47b  Question 3 3.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (3.00-4.00) 4.00 (3.00-4.00) .36b  Question 4 2.00 (2.00-3.00) 2.00 (1.75-2.25) 2.00 (2.00-3.00) .61b  Question 5 3.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (3.00-3.00) 4.00 (3.00-4.00) .07b  Question 6 4.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (2.00-3.25) 4.00 (4.00-4.00) .002b  Question 7 3.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (3.00-3.00) 4.00 (4.00-4.00) .009b  Question 8 4.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (2.75-3.25) 4.00 (4.00-4.00) .02b  Question 9 4.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (3.00-3.25) 4.00 (4.00-4.00) .03b  Question 10 3.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.50 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (3.00-4.00) .68b Analysis, median (IQR)  Total score 30.00 (29.00-35.00) 27.50 (25.50-30.50) 34.00 (30.00-35.00) .05d  SUS grade 75.00 (72.50-87.50) 68.75 (63.75-76.25) 85.00 (75.00-87.50) .05d  Score for ease of learning domain (Q3, Q4, Q7, Q10) 3.25 (2.75-3.25) 3.00 (2.50-3.25) 3.25 (2.75-3.50) .54d  Score for efficiency domain (Q5, Q6, Q8) 3.67 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (2.50-3.17) 4.00 (3.67-4.00) .02b  Score for ease of memorization domain (Q2) 2.00 (2.00-3.00) 2.00 (1.75-3.00) 3.00 (2.00-3.00) .47b  Score for minimization of errors domain (Q6) 4.00 (3.00-4.00) 3.00 (2.00-3.25) 4.00 (4.00-4.00) .002b  Score for satisfaction domain (Q1, Q4, Q9) 2.67 (2.67-3.33) 2.67 (2.33-2.83) 3.33 (2.67-3.67) .08b aHCP: health care professional. bMann-Whitney U test. cFisher test. d2-sample Student t test. Abbreviations BLS: basic life support CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation ILCOR: Wyckoff MH, Greif R, Morley PT, et al. 2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Ca

关键词： Free-space optics   Laser lights   Mobile computing   Sensing systems   Environmental destruction  

摘要： We live in an era where the impact of climate change is felt in everyday life, with warming temperatures leading to environmental destruction and unprecedented shifts in natural and anthropic activities. Before these adverse effects can be addressed, it is crucial to explore, monitor, and collect data on the Earth's environment on both the micro- and macro-scale. Additionally, once environmental solutions have been implemented, it is imperative to continue data collection to gauge success. Standing in the way of such exploration and monitoring efforts are the shortcomings and limitations of pervasive communication technologies, namely radio frequency technologies (e.g., WiFi and Bluetooth). In this thesis, we peer beyond the confines of the radio frequency spectrum and explore the use of light — namely visible light, along with its infrared neighbor — to create next-generation communication and sensing systems. To generate highly tunable light, we explicitly turn to lasers. Unlike traditional luminaries, e.g., light-emitting diodes, laser diodes provide superior communication and sensing performance thanks to their GHz modulation speeds, narrow spectral wavelengths, intrinsic polarization, high-power densities, and high electro-optical conversion ratios. In this thesis, we exploit the versatility of laser light to enable micro- and macro-scale exploration and monitoring systems in aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial environments. We begin by exploring the powerful potential of laser light in communication and sensing contexts, then dive into the overarching challenges and techniques needed to realize practical and robust solutions. Armed with our research methodology, we then break through the air-water boundary with laser light and demonstrate two systems supporting bidirectional communication and 3D localization between aerial and underwater robots. Continuing on land and in the air, we next present two systems enabling laser tethering, communication, and wireless po

关键词： 科幻电影   脑机接口   技术伦理   超人类主义   后人类主义  

摘要： 无论是理论视域的介入还是实践层面的考察，有关主体身份的伦理观照是始终伴随的必然命题。面对“人之为人目的”的伦理主体隐忧，脑机接口技术的出场则导向为一种“人之主体是否渐次剥离”的伦理警惕。尽管脑机接口技术现实性的应用伴随着“超人类主义”向“后人类主义”过渡的人类增强或医疗目的的功能性特质，然而其对主体身份伦理问题的探赜却停留在当下性的问询之中。与此同时，科幻电影则以富有未来性关怀的想象力建构了超越性、整体性、前瞻性的伦理困境场。尤其是通过科幻未来影像故事的假定性生成将脑机接口技术对人之主体身份的影响渐次呈现，进一步彰显了脑机互联如何生发人类异化的悲戚可能。同时，在脑机接口和人性弥散与消退的哲学思考中，阐释了人之知情同意权被捆绑后的技术宰治身体与数字永生生命等主体身份的伦理困厄。

关键词： Education   Recommender systems   Electronic learning   Reviews   Artificial intelligence   Computer science   Surveys   Digital systems   Online services   digital technologies   e-learning   online education   personalized recommendation system  

摘要： This review delves into using e-learning technology and personalized recommendation systems in education. It examines 60 articles from prominent databases and identifies the different methods used in recommendation systems, such as collaborative and content-based approaches with a recent shift towards machine learning. However, the current personalized recommendation system faces challenges such as a lack of understanding of the content, student discontinuity, language barriers, confusion in selecting study materials, and inadequate infrastructure and funding. The review proposes using new digital technologies to address these issues, including Fluxy AI, Twin technology, AI-powered virtual proctoring, and Alter Ego. These technologies can create a dynamic and interactive learning environment, providing tailored learning experiences for students and insights for educators to provide targeted support and guidance. The integration of these technologies can improve individualized learning, increase understanding capacity and enhance the learning experience for students with speech disorders.

关键词： Computer science   computing   decision-making   diversity   engineering education   equity   gender   higher education   postsecondary education   qualitative research   race/ethnicity   science education   women's issues  

摘要： Despite the growing popularity of computing bachelor's programs, women remain vastly underrepresented in these fields. Using Social Cognitive Career Theory and intersectionality as guiding theories, this qualitative study explores how postsecondary institutions shape women's experiences choosing and entering computing bachelor's programs. Twenty-eight of 40 participants entered their institutions with plans to study computing, while 12 developed a new (or renewed) interest in computing as postsecondary students. Findings outline four postsecondary structures that shaped women's entry into computing majors, including university-level admissions and participant perceptions of financial and cultural accessibility;academic college-level organization and admissions processes;institutional computing cultures, namely introductory course experiences and social environments;and major declaration policies. Findings also show how these structures differentially shaped participant experiences based on intersecting social identities. Overall, findings illustrate the precarious relationship between computing interest development, major intent, and major enrollment for undergraduate women in computing.

关键词： Indexes   Clustering algorithms   Euclidean distance   Amplitude modulation   Partitioning algorithms   Computer science   K-means   number of clusters   inertia   elbow method   Calinski-Harabasz index   Hartigan rule  

摘要： This paper gives an experimentally supported review and comparison of several indices based on the conventional K-means inertia criterion for determining the number of clusters, K, in datasets, using the popular Silhouette width index as a benchmark. Our experiments involve a novel version of the Elbow index, defined using values of K two or three steps apart. We also discuss alternative ways of computing the inertia and summarizing its values. Even though there are no overall winners in our experiments, some of our results are very conclusive and can be used as a guide for indices determining the number of clusters in K-means.

关键词： Privacy   Security   Public key   Encryption   Companies   Computer science   Probabilistic logic   Threshold signature   security   privacy   accountability  

摘要： Threshold signature is a fundamental cryptographic primitive used in many practical applications. As proposed by Boneh and Komlo (CRYPTO'22), TAPS is a threshold signature that is a hybrid of privacy and accountability. It enables a combiner to combine $t$ signature shares while revealing nothing about the threshold $t$ or signing quorum to the public and asks a tracer to track a signature to the quorum that generates it. However, TAPS has three disadvantages: it 1) structures upon a centralized model, 2) assumes that both combiner and tracer are honest, and 3) leaves the tracing unnotarized and static. In this work, we introduce Decentralized, Threshold, dynamically Accountable and Private Signature (DeTAPS) that provides decentralized combining and tracing, enhanced privacy against untrusted combiners (tracers), and notarized and dynamic tracing. Specifically, we adopt Dynamic Threshold Public-Key Encryption (DTPKE) to dynamically notarize the tracing process, design non-interactive zero knowledge proofs to achieve public verifiability of notaries, and utilize the Key-Aggregate Searchable Encryption to bridge TAPS and DTPKE so as to awaken the notaries securely and efficiently. In addition, we formalize the definitions and security requirements for DeTAPS. Then we present a concrete construction and formally prove its security and privacy. To evaluate the performance, we build a prototype based on SGX2 and Ethereum.

关键词： capital punishment   Ethics   Lethal injection executions   Physician participation in executions  

摘要： Physician professional organizations in all Western countries consistently hold that it is unethical for physicians to participate in judicial executions. Physician participation in capital punishment is of particular concern for anesthesiologists, who have been identified by the courts as ideal candidates to participate in executions, particularly lethal injection executions. Arguments in favor of participation are based on flawed interpretations of the ethical principle of double-effect, mistaken analogies with physician aid-in-dying, and ignore evidence of prisoner suffering in the execution process. The American Board of Anesthesiology will investigate and may sanction diplomates who participate in executions by revoking their board certification.