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关键词： ECMO   Medical dashboard   Healthcare policy   Critical care   Pandemic preparedness  

摘要： In Germany, a comprehensive reimbursement policy for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) results in the highest per capita use worldwide, although benefits remain controversial. Public ECMO data is unstructured and poorly accessible to healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers. In addition, there are no uniform policies for ECMO allocation which confronts medical personnel with ethical considerations during health crises such as respiratory virus *** information on adult and pediatric ECMO support performed in German hospitals was extracted from publicly available reimbursement data and hospital quality reports and processed to create the web-based ECMO Dashboard built on Open-Source software. Patient-level and hospital-level data were merged resulting in a solid base for ECMO use analysis and ECMO demand forecasting with high spatial granularity at the level of 413 county and city districts in *** ECMO Dashboard (https://***/), an innovative visual platform, presents the retrospective utilization patterns of ECMO support in Germany. It features interactive maps, comprehensive charts, and tables, providing insights at the hospital, district, and national levels. This tool also highlights the high prevalence of ECMO support in Germany and emphasizes districts with ECMO surplus - where patients from other regions are treated, or deficit - origins from which ECMO patients are transferred to other regions. The dashboard will evolve iteratively to provide stakeholders with vital information for informed and transparent resource allocation and *** public routine data could support evidence-informed, forward-looking resource management policies, which are urgently needed to increase the quality and prepare the critical care infrastructure for future pandemics.

关键词： Computer science   Artificial intelligence   Large language models   Drug discovery  

摘要： A drug molecule is a substance that changes an organism's mental or physical state. Every approved drug has an indication, which refers to the therapeutic use of that drug for treating a particular medical condition. While the Large Language Model (LLM), a generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique, has recently demonstrated effectiveness in translating between molecules and their textual descriptions, there remains a gap in research regarding their application in facilitating the translation between drug molecules and indications (which describes the disease, condition or symptoms for which the drug is used), or vice versa. Addressing this challenge could greatly benefit the drug discovery process. The capability of generating a drug from a given indication would allow for the discovery of drugs targeting specific diseases or targets and ultimately provide patients with better treatments. In this paper, we first propose a new task, the translation between drug molecules and corresponding indications, and then test existing LLMs on this new task. Specifically, we consider nine variations of the T5 LLM and evaluate them on two public datasets obtained from ChEMBL and DrugBank. Our experiments show the early results of using LLMs for this task and provide a perspective on the state-of-the-art. We also emphasize the current limitations and discuss future work that has the potential to improve the performance on this task. The creation of molecules from indications, or vice versa, will allow for more efficient targeting of diseases and significantly reduce the cost of drug discovery, with the potential to revolutionize the field of drug discovery in the era of generative AI.

关键词： Students  

摘要： The objective of our study is to ascertain the present learning behaviors, driving forces, and assessment techniques as perceived by first-year students, and to examine them through the lens of the most recent developments (pandemic, shift to remote instruction, return to in-person instruction). Educators and educational institutions can create a more accommodating learning environment that takes into account the varied needs and preferences of students by recognizing and implementing these findings, which will ultimately improve the quality of education as a whole. Students believe that in-person instruction is the most effective way to learn, with exercise-based learning, group instruction, and pair programming. Our research indicates that, for evaluation methods, there is a preference for practical and written examinations. Our findings also underscore the importance of incorporating real-world scenarios, encouraging interactive learning approaches, and creating engaging educational environments. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Students  

摘要： Integrating AI-driven tools in higher education is an emerging area with transformative potential. This paper introduces Iris, a chat-based virtual tutor integrated into the interactive learning platform Artemis that offers personalized, context-aware assistance in large-scale educational settings. Iris supports computer science students by guiding them through programming exercises and is designed to act as a tutor in a didactically meaningful way. Its calibrated assistance avoids revealing complete solutions, offering subtle hints or counter-questions to foster independent problem-solving skills. For each question, it issues multiple prompts in a Chain-of-Thought to GPT-3.5-Turbo. The prompts include a tutor role description and examples of meaningful answers through few-shot learning. Iris employs contextual awareness by accessing the problem statement, student code, and automated feedback to provide tailored advice. An empirical evaluation shows that students perceive Iris as effective because it understands their questions, provides relevant support, and contributes to the learning process. While students consider Iris a valuable tool for programming exercises and homework, they also feel confident solving programming tasks in computer-based exams without Iris. The findings underscore students’ appreciation for Iris’ immediate and personalized support, though students predominantly view it as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, human tutors. Nevertheless, Iris creates a space for students to ask questions without being judged by others. © 2024, CC BY.

摘要： Patriann Smith’s Black Immigrant Literacies: Intersections of Race, Language, and Culture in the Classroom explores the dynamic and often invisible world of Black immigrant literacies in the U.S. school system. The book, informed by her personal experiences, research, and authentic narratives of Black immigrant youth, extends raciolinguistic perspectives, building upon the work of Drs. Jonathan Rosa and Nelson Flores. Smith constructs a framework and practical recommendations for educators to better understand and support this diverse population. This review examines the book’s structure, key arguments, strengths, limitations, and application to urban educators who look to move beyond the achievement gap.

摘要： This article analyzes the issue of using information technologies to increase the effectiveness of the educational process in general education schools, and researches the results obtained on the basis of scientific articles on the application of modern achievements of information technologies to the educational process. For this purpose, the urgent tasks of creating a method of teaching the subjects of "Informatics and information technologies" using computer simulation models and introducing them into the educational process of general education schools have been put forward.

摘要： No abstract available.

关键词： 创优提质   专业建设   计算机  

摘要： 为落实国家开放大学“创优提质”战略,加强开放教育专业内涵建设,适应我省产业转型升级的需要,本文深入研究了辽宁开放大学重点专业建设的实践成果。该实践紧密围绕信息技术产业需求,彰显开放教育办学特色,构建了人才培养目标清晰、技能培养突出的课程体系,与区域产业需求高度匹配。同时,建立了具有创新能力的开放教育计算机科学与技术专业人才培养体系,以重点专业建设为抓手推动开放教育高质量发展。

关键词： 项目实践   计算机学科   劳动教育   融合策略  

摘要： 本文首先深入阐述了计算机学科教学的重要价值和劳动教育的基本概念,分析了基于项目实践融合模式的特点以及项目实践在计算机学科和劳动教育融合中的作用和意义,并辅以相关融合案例加以说明。接着,文章对融合效果评价中的教学成果评价指标进行了选择和设计,最后还对该模式面临的挑战和未来发展进行了分析。

关键词： PDCA循环理论   计算机科学与技术   教学  

摘要： 文中简单介绍了PDCA循环理论的基本内容和特点,并阐述了新时代背景下计算机科学与技术专业的教学要求。以上述两点为基础,结合实际教学案例,从多个角度分析并研究了PDCA循环理论在计算机科学与技术专业教学中的应用方法和策略,希望能为相关人士提供帮助和借鉴,深化PDCA循环理论在计算机科学与技术专业中的应用,提高教学质量。