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关键词： Computer science   Government   Policy   Software  

摘要： For months, ransomware attacks have debilitated research at the British Library in London and Berlin’s natural history museum. They show how vulnerable scientific and educational institutions are to this kind of crime. © Springer Nature Limited 2024.

关键词： Chemistry   Computer science   Machine learning  

摘要： Researchers lightly tweak ChatGPT-like system to offer chemistry insight.

关键词： Computer science   Integrated optics  

摘要： Reinforcement learning (RL) stands as one of the three fundamental paradigms within machine learning and has made a substantial leap to build general-purpose learning systems. However, using traditional electrical computers to simulate agent-environment interactions in RL models consumes tremendous computing resources, posing a significant challenge to the efficiency of RL. Here, we propose a universal framework that utilizes a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) to simulate the interactions in RL for improving the algorithm efficiency. High parallelism and precision on-chip optical interaction calculations are implemented with the assistance of link calibration in the hybrid architecture PIC. By introducing similarity information into the reward function of the RL model, PIC-RL successfully accomplishes perovskite materials synthesis task within a 3472-dimensional state space, resulting in a notable 56% improvement in efficiency. Our results validate the effectiveness of simulating RL algorithm interactions on the PIC platform, highlighting its potential to boost computing power in large-scale and sophisticated RL tasks. The Authors present a universal framework that utilizes photonic integrated circuits (PIC) to enhance the efficiency of reinforcement learning (RL). Leveraging the advantages of the hybrid architecture PIC (HyArch PIC), the PIC-RL experiment demonstrates a remarkable 56% improvement in efficiency for synthesizing perovskite materials.

关键词： 在线同伴互评   面对面同伴互评   学术英语   概要写作   中国理工科大学生  

摘要： 文章以上海某理工类大学一年级两个自然班的76名学生为研究对象,探究Peercep-tiv在线同伴互评和面对面同伴互评对中国理工科大学生学术英语概要写作产生的影响。研究结果显示,经过一学期的同伴互评教学实验,这两种同伴互评模式都对学生的写作能力产生了正面影响。实验前测和后测成绩的对比分析结果表明,两组学生的写作水平都有所提高,相比之下,在线互评组进步更大。此外,问卷调查和访谈结果显示,师生对两种同伴互评模式的认可度都比较高,指出了各自的优势和特点,同时也对同伴互评模式提出了意见和建议。研究对今后的中国理工科大学生学术英语写作教学具有一定的借鉴作用。

关键词： Forecasting  

摘要： Accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of lithium-ion batteries is critical for energy supply systems. In conventional data-driven RUL prediction approaches, the battery's degradation mechanism is difficult into incorporate in the RUL prediction. Furthermore, there are notable limitations in reflecting the significance of different time instances, and the uncertainty in the degradation process. Consequently, a novel data-model interactive RUL prediction approach based on particle filter-temporal attention mechanism-bidirectional gated recurrent unit (PF-BiGRU-TSAM) is proposed. Specifically, BiGRU-TSAM is trained offline through historical data, which assigns corresponding significance to battery capacities at different time instances. Moreover, regarding the interactive data-model for the online prediction phase based on PF-BiGRU-TSAM, the advantages of data-driven and model-based approaches are integrated, which accomplishes the purpose of modifying each other. The proposed PF-BiGRU-TSAM approach is validated with a real-world battery dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach is better than some published approaches. Taking the 50th operational cycle of the four batteries B0005, B0006, B0007, and B0018 in the dataset as an instance, the absolute errors of the proposed PF-BiGRU-TSAM are 0, 1, 3, 3, respectively, which represents the proposed approach has an excellent performance. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： 滚筒筛   黑水虻幼虫   虫料分离   鸡粪   EDEM仿真   筛分参数  

摘要： 【目的】解决鸡粪养殖黑水虻虫沙结块分离难、黑水虻幼虫损失率高及分离设备筛分效率低的问题,探究筛分参数对黑水虻幼虫复合滚筒筛筛分效果的影响。【方法】在借助离散元软件构建滚筒筛物料颗粒筛分过程仿真模型的基础上,以外层滚筒转速、抄板高度、内层滚筒转速和滚筒倾角为试验因素,进行了4因素3水平正交试验,分析得到筛分效率和黑水虻幼虫损失率的最优筛分参数组合。【结果】当外层滚筒转速36 r·min^(-1),抄板高度20 mm,内层滚筒转速-45 r·min^(-1),滚筒倾角8°时,滚筒筛性能最优,筛分效率为95.32%,损失率为4.85%;在最优筛分参数组合条件下,样机试验结果与仿真试验结果相对误差分别为4.19%和0.55%,仿真试验与样机试验结果吻合度较好。【结论】解决了黑水虻幼虫分离设备现存问题,获得了滚筒筛分的最佳筛分参数,为黑水虻幼虫筛分设备相关研究提供参考。

关键词： 克罗恩病   互动性健康教育   个体化饮食护理   营养状况   生活质量  

摘要： 目的 探讨互动性健康教育联合个体化饮食护理在克罗恩病(CD)患者中的应用价值。方法 将厦门大学附属第一医院于2021年1月至2022年10月收治的80例CD患者纳入研究,采用的分组方式为随机数字表法,均分成对照组(40例)和观察组(40例)。对照组给予常规护理,在此基础上,观察组给予互动性健康教育联合个体化饮食护理,2组均干预4周(院内护理2周+院外护理2周)。比较2组干预前后的疾病严重程度、营养状况及生活质量。结果 2组在干预2周后的血清前白蛋白(PA)和白蛋白(ALB)水平均高于干预前(P均<0.05),干预4周后的炎症性肠病生存质量问卷(IBDQ)各维度评分及总分均高于干预前(P均<0.05);观察组在干预2周后的疾病严重程度轻于对照组,PA和ALB水平均高于对照组(P均<0.05),以及干预4周后的IBDQ各维度评分和总分均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论 互动性健康教育联合个体化饮食护理能够有效缓解CD患者的病情,改善其营养状况,提升其生活质量。

关键词： 应用型   高校   计算机科学与技术   教学  

摘要： 计算机技术的不断发展和创新,计算机科学与技术已经渗透到了各个行业和领域,为社会进步和企业发展创造了巨大的机会和条件。在数字化转型的加速推进下,企业需要更多满足市场需求的技术和人才,同时也对高校计算机科学与技术应用型人才培养提出更高要求,以适应不断发展的技术和市场趋势。针对当前计算机科学与技术应用人才培养存在的问题,应从人才培养方案、课程体系建设、完善教学方法、加强教师培训等方面着手,更好地满足社会和行业对高素质计算机专业人才的需求。

关键词： Electrical and electronic engineering   Neuroscience   Computer science  

摘要： The human brain's unparalleled efficiency in executing complex cognitive tasks stems from neurons communicating via short, intermittent bursts or spikes. This has inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), now incorporating neuron models with spike frequency adaptation (SFA). SFA adjusts these spikes' frequency based on recent neuronal activity, much like an athlete's varying sprint speed. SNNs with SFA demonstrate improved computational performance and energy efficiency. This review examines various adaptive neuron models in computational neuroscience, highlighting their relevance in artificial intelligence and hardware integration. It also discusses the challenges and potential of these models in driving the development of energy-efficient neuromorphic systems.