教学课程资源库 更多>>

摘要： Black beer festivals in the United States are dynamic sites where geography, culture, and economy converge to challenge exclusion and reimagine representation in the craft beer industry. This paper explores how these festivals operate as culturally significant and economically generative spaces that reframe the dominant narrative of craft beer as a white, male-dominated field. Drawing on concepts of cultural capital, tourism geography, and urban economic development, the paper positions Black beer festivals as platforms for reclaiming brewing heritage, fostering community, and advancing racial equity within cultural economies. Beginning with a historical overview of Black American brewing traditions and their suppression through colonialism, Prohibition, and systemic racism, the paper traces a lineage of cultural erasure and resistance that informs the present-day significance of festivals like Blacktoberfest in Atlanta. Through this case study, the analysis reveals how Blacktoberfest embodies localized place-making and global cultural expression, serving both as a space of celebration and as a catalyst for economic participation and social inclusion. Ultimately, the paper argues that Black beer festivals are not merely leisure events but geographies of empowerment, where the cultural, spatial, and economic dimensions of Black life are made visible, valued, and central to rethinking the contours of American craft beer culture.

关键词： Computer security   Security   Reliability   Computer crime   Economics   Technological innovation   Protocols   Surveys   Computer science   Stability criteria  

摘要： This study investigates cybersecurity compliance in Sierra Leone's public sector, exploring factors like self-efficacy, innovativeness, perceived security, trust, and cybersecurity awareness. The research uses structural equation modeling to analyze survey data from four hundred and ninety-two (492) public sector employees from five ministries and one agency. Reliable measurement models confirm these constructs' validity. Analysis shows that self-efficacy and innovativeness positively impact cybersecurity compliance, with perceived trust mediating these relationships. However, perceived security's mediating role is less significant. Cybersecurity awareness notably moderates these relationships, enhancing compliance intention. The study offers significant insights for enhancing cybersecurity strategies, particularly in developing countries, and underscores the importance of individual factors in cybersecurity compliance.

关键词： Multidimensional dynamic assessment   Zone of proximal development   Competence in computer science   Learning potential  

摘要： Computer Science (CS) is a vital subject in K-12 education, and acquiring proficiency in CS is essential for nurturing talent. However, current teaching practices often rely on standardized tests to evaluate academic performance, which may not offer a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment of students' competency in learning CS. Furthermore, developing students' competence is a dynamic and non-linear process. Therefore, it is essential to develop alternative assessment methods to evaluate students' competency and learning potential in CS comprehensively. This study presents a computational model of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) based on dynamic evaluation and the fuzzy evaluation method, and develops a multidimensional dynamic assessment system to measure the developmental intervals and cognitive states of learners' different dimensions of competence in CS. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in a high school (K12) computer science course related to the teaching of programming. The experimental group comprised 50 students who received instruction with the assessment system, while the control group, consisting of 52 students, received traditional teaching methods. The study demonstrates that the multidimensional dynamic assessment system had a significant positive impact on students' competence in CS, particularly in the dimensions of "learning" and "applying". Furthermore, the results indicate students' academic achievement and learning potential improvements.

关键词： Digital agriculture   Abstraction   Critical agri-food studies   Networking research   Infrastructure   Responsible research and innovation   Knowledge convergence   Vendor lock-in  

摘要： Excitement about digital agriculture-i.e., expanded reliance on collecting, integrating, analyzing, and applying digital data in agri-food systems-is bringing two different conceptualizations of abstraction into collision and dialogue. Critical agri-food scholars have long expressed concerns about disembedding-or abstracting-agriculture from particular geographies, farmers' varied interests, and ecological processes. In contrast, in computer science, abstraction is understood as beneficial for taming the complexities of technology and supporting the development of general-purpose tools. In this paper, we compare these very different theorizations of abstraction through an ethnographic case study of the early development of new digital agriculture networking infrastructure. We analyze how the commitments to abstraction in computer science relate to and depart from critical agri-food studies' critiques of decontextualization and disembedding. The study is based on a long-term collaboration between computer networking researchers and social scientists. Our findings indicate that the commitment to abstraction by computer network scientists leads them to engage minimally with critical agri-food studies' concerns regarding historical processes of agricultural industrialization and their effect on farm size, the labor process, and the environment, but produces deep engagement with concerns regarding corporate control of innovation trajectories. We find, however, that the technologists focus on open innovation and vendor lock-in in order to expand the scale, scope, and pace of innovation, rather than to advance social justice and environmental sustainability, demonstrating that openness can be understood and practiced in various ways. Through integrated treatment of abstraction in computer science and critical agri-food studies, this article highlights opportunities and constraints for interdisciplinary analysis pertaining to the development of digital agriculture. Through

关键词： Vectors   Roads   Nickel   Matrix decomposition   Data mining   Costs   Social networking (online)   Linear programming   Computer science   Training   Multi-attributed road-social networks   multi-attributed community   local community detection   dominance relation  

摘要： The information available in multi-attributed road-social networks includes network structure, location information, and numerical attributes. Most studies mainly focus on mining communities by combining structure with attributes or structure with location, which do not consider structure, attributes, and location simultaneously. Therefore, we propose a parameter-free algorithm, called LCDMRS, to mine local communities in multi-attributed road-social networks. LCDMRS extracts a sub-network surrounding the given node and embeds it to generate the vector representations of nodes, which incorporates both structural and attributed information. Based on the vector representations of nodes, the average cosine similarity between nodes is designed to ensure both the structural and attributed cohesiveness of the community, while the community node density is designed to ensure the spatial cohesiveness of the community. Targeting the community node density and cosine similarity of nodes, LCDMRS takes the given node as the starting node and employs the community dominance relation to expand the community outward. Experimental results on multiple real-world datasets demonstrate LCDMRS outperforms comparison algorithms.

关键词： Industrial Internet of Things   Collaboration   Consensus protocol   Security   Protocols   Relays   Throughput   Safety   Informatics   Computer science   Blockchain   consensus   cross-chain communication  

摘要： Blockchain-based industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) systems have seen rapid adoption and development in recent years. The increasing diversity of IIoT application scenarios is driving the growth of multichain ecosystem, making cross-chain communication a key issue in multichain collaboration. However, existing centralized cross-chain architectures risk derailing the blockchain's trust-free decentralization and suffer from single point failure. The design of decentralized cross-chain collaboration mainly faces two key challenges. First, implicit cross-chain accountability, which is caused by collusion among malicious distributed participants and, thus, compromises cross-chain security. Second, low cross-chain efficiency, which is induced by the highly dynamic environment in practical cross-chain networks, i.e., changing memberships, and adaptive attacks to corrupt honest nodes. In this article, we propose a cross-chain consensus protocol DeCross to solve the abovementioned problems. DeCross achieves decentralized cross-chain collaboration with explicit accountability and high efficiency. Specifically, we audit participants with a succinct auditable data object constructed from the protocol to hold nodes accountable for misbehaving. Furthermore, we propose a parallel processing workflow that leverages both CPUs and GPUs to guarantee efficient and stable cross-chain communication. Finally, we implement a prototype based on the hyperledger fabric with both local and geo-distributed clusters. Our extensive experiments show that DeCross achieves 44% better throughput over the existing cross-chain approaches.

关键词： Balinese Traditional Architecture   Balinese Traditional Buildings   Kosala Kosali   Balinese Traditional Architecture Dataset   Residential Buildings   Sacred Buildings   Cultural Preservation   Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition   Computer science  

摘要： This study introduces a dataset focused on Balinese traditional architecture, comprising two main categories, residential and sacred buildings. The dataset includes 14 types of residential buildings with 68 images and 29 types of sacred buildings with 76 images. Each design is represented through 2D drawings, such as front, side, section views, and floor plans, created using AutoCAD software. These drawings are meticulously derived from traditional Balinese architectural texts to ensure alignment with cultural norms. The completed designs were exported into JPG format using Figma, with accompanying metadata that includes size and structural details to enhance usability. This dataset aims to support researchers, cultural preservationists, and educators in exploring and preserving Balinese architectural heritage. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license ( http://***/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )

关键词： Mass shootings   Death penalty sentences   Capital punishment   Political factors  

摘要： Mass shooters commit some of the most extreme crimes in the United States, their attacks are almost always premeditated, and their guilt is almost never in doubt. However, they rarely receive the death penalty. To learn more, we examined the frequency of various outcomes for public mass shooters who attacked from 1966 to 2023 (n = 190), along with factors that could explain sentencing differences and changes over time. Our findings suggest only 12% of all U.S. mass shooters received a death penalty sentence, but more than 40% who made it to adjudication and were eligible got that sentence. Unexpectedly, the most heinous mass shootings were not significantly more likely to result in death penalty sentences, and most demographic, aggravating, and mitigating factors were similarly common among shooters who were and were not sentenced to death. Overall, state politics and guilty pleas were most closely associated with sentencing differences, but over time, fewer mass shooters were sentenced to death in both blue states and red states. The change in red states indicates a major reversal from prior decades.

关键词： Death penalty   Capital punishment   Global historical data   Dataset  

摘要： The death penalty is a unique form of punishment as it is the most consequential penalty with no options for reversibility. Politically, it is a highly controversial form of punishment, the usage of which varies strongly between and within countries over time. Existing databases on death penalty usage generally cover a time period from the 1950s and onwards. In this article, we introduce a new database that covers the period 1800-2022 for all currently independent countries in the world. We provide a yearly categorization of death penalty status as well as changes of the status. In descriptive analyses, we show how the new data provides a more comprehensive picture of the development of death penalty trends worldwide. The database provides researchers with new opportunities to study the death penalty from a variety of perspectives.

关键词： Latches   Inverters   Transistors   Logic gates   Computer science   Aerospace and electronic systems   Nickel   Microelectronics   Integrated circuits   Fault tolerant systems   Fault tolerance verification   latch design   quadruple-node upset   radiation hardening   soft-error  

摘要： With the aggressive shrinking of transistor feature sizes, nanoscale complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits are becoming more vulnerable to multinode upsets, e.g., triple-node upsets as well as quadruple-node upsets (QNUs), caused by the effects of harsh radiation. This article first presents a QNU completely tolerant latch based on the so-called triple-path dual-interlocked cell (TPDICE) and the soft-error-interception module, namely quadruple-node-upset hardened latch (QNUHL). We further propose an advanced latch, namely quadruple-node-upset recovery hardened latch (QNURHL), which mainly employs 24 interlocked C-elements, to provide complete QNU recovery. Simulations based on the HSPICE tool demonstrate the complete QNU tolerance as well as the reasonable overhead for the QNUHL latch and also show that the QNURHL latch is recoverable from any possible QNU and can roughly save silicon area by 11% and power dissipation by 16%, compared with the QNU hardened latch of the same type. Moreover, an algorithm-based method for the verification of error tolerance and recovery of latches is proposed. The proposed method can simplify the verifications to demonstrate the capability of node-upset tolerance and/or recovery for latches.