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关键词： Black -owned banks   Mortgage credit   Residential racial segregation   Subprime lending boom  

摘要： Today, black-owned banks are important financial resources challenging economic exclusion. Nevertheless, they do not associate strongly with building black wealth. Some scholars argue this signals black-owned banks are ornamental, or ineffective responses to legacies of economic exclusion in black segregated neighborhoods. To engage these critiques, I draw on the dialectical theoretical frames of cultural assets and structural deficits to examine the effectiveness of blackowned banks during the subprime lending boom-a period when bank practices exploiting a history of economic exclusion in black segregated neighborhoods intensify. Specifically, I analyze administrative data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) to assess whether black-owned banks associate with access to mortgage credit when the subprime lending boom peaks in 2006. Using propensity score matching with inverse probability weighting, I find black-owned banks do not associate with mortgage originations in 2006;but neighborhoods with black-owned banks receive fewer subprime mortgage loans, compared to matched ones without them. As such, black-owned banks appear to effectively shield black segregated neighborhoods from the time period's predation. Overall, findings imply black-owned banks support protective credit markets during periods of intensifying economic exclusion and exploitation.

关键词： Databases   Videos   Psychology   Face recognition   Computer science   Spatiotemporal phenomena   Representation learning   Emotion recognition   facial micro-expression   facial action units   micro-expression recognition   databases  

摘要： One of the most important subconscious reactions, micro-expression (ME), is a spontaneous, subtle, and transient facial expression that reveals human beings' genuine emotion. Therefore, automatically recognizing ME (MER) is becoming increasingly crucial in the field of affective computing, providing essential technical support for lie detection, clinical psychological diagnosis, and public safety. However, the ME data scarcity has severely hindered the development of advanced data-driven MER models. Despite the recent efforts by several spontaneous ME databases to alleviate this problem, there is still a lack of sufficient data. Hence, in this paper, we overcome the ME data scarcity problem by collecting and annotating a dynamic spontaneous ME database with the largest current ME data scale called DFME (Dynamic Facial Micro-expressions). Specifically, the DFME database contains 7,526 well-labeled ME videos spanning multiple high frame rates, elicited by 671 participants and annotated by more than 20 professional annotators over three years. Furthermore, we comprehensively verify the created DFME, including using influential spatiotemporal video feature learning models and MER models as baselines, and conduct emotion classification and ME action unit classification experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the DFME database can facilitate research in automatic MER, and provide a new benchmark for this field.

关键词： Quantum mechanics   Mathematics   Information theory   Entropy   Quantum system   Functional analysis   Computer science  

摘要： This note is intended to address some inaccuracies in [1]. In Lemma 5.8, (52) of this article, we originally derived the following erroneous inequality:

关键词： Codes   Linear codes   Codecs   Cryptography   Telecommunications   Computer science   Hamming weight   Quaternary code   simplicial complex   gray map   binary nonlinear code   minimal code   secret sharing scheme  

摘要： Recently, simplicial complexes are used in constructions of several infinite families of minimal and optimal linear codes by Hyun et al. Building upon their research, in this paper more linear codes over the ring Z(4) are constructed by simplicial complexes. Specifically, the Lee weight distributions of the resulting quaternary codes are determined and two infinite families of four-Lee-weight quaternary codes are obtained. Compared to the databases of Z(4 )codes by Aydin et al., at least nine new quaternary codes are found. Thanks to the special structure of the defining sets, we have the ability to determine whether the Gray images of certain obtained quaternary codes are linear or not. This allows us to obtain two infinite families of binary nonlinear codes and one infinite family of binary minimal linear codes. Furthermore, utilizing these minimal binary codes, some secret sharing schemes as a byproduct also are established.

关键词： environmental regulation   employment   two-tier stochastic frontier model   create effect   destruction effect  

摘要： This research breaks away from the existing literature that focuses only on the relationship between environmental regulations and employment size and employment structure, and focuses on the employment creation effect, destruction effect and the net effect of environmental regulations on employment. Accordingly, employing a two-tier stochastic frontier model, this research will answer whether the bilateral effects of environmental regulation on employment exist, which is larger or smaller, the net effect using provincial panel data in China from 2011 to 2020. Research results show that the creation effect makes employment higher than the frontier level by 3.18%, while the destruction effect makes employment lower than the frontier level by 4.58%, and finally the destruction effect dominates with the two-tier effects making employment lower than the frontier level by 1.40%. Furthermore, it was found that the lower the level of environmental regulation implementation, the greater its destruction effect. Moreover, from different human capital perspectives, environmental regulations have the least damaging effect on the low-skilled group, followed by the high-skilled group, and the most significant effect on the medium-skilled group. The destruction effect exhibits regional heterogeneity, sequentially weakening from the east to the central and western regions. The findings of this study hold particular significance for governmental entities in determining the stringency of environmental regulatory measures. It effectively promotes the government's enforcement of environmental regulation policies, and has significant implications for achieving the dual advantages of "environmental protection" and "full employment" in society.

关键词： Computer science   Training   Cloud computing   Translational research   Collaboration   Prototypes   Water quality   Lakes   Forecasting   Next generation networking  

摘要： In this article, we report on our experiences with interdisciplinary projects at the intersection of freshwater ecology, data science, and computer science. The translational research process has progressively led to the development of distributed systems that apply both edge computing and function-as-a-service (FaaS) cloud computing to support end-to-end water quality forecasting workflows across the edge-to-cloud continuum.

关键词： building management systems   systematic literature review   buildings   smart buildings   computer science  

摘要： Buildings are complex structures composed of heterogeneous elements;these require building management systems (BMSs) to dynamically adapt them to occupants' needs and leverage building resources. The fast growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has transformed the BMS field into a multidisciplinary one. Consequently, this has caused several research papers on data-driven solutions to require examination and classification. This paper provides a broad overview of BMS by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) summarizing current trends in this field. Unlike similar reviews, this SLR provides a rigorous methodology to review current research from a computer science perspective. Therefore, our goal is four-fold: (i) Identify the main topics in the field of building;(ii) Identify the recent data-driven methods;(iii) Understand the BMS's underlying computing architecture (iv) Understand the features of BMS that contribute to the smartization of buildings. The result synthesizes our findings and provides research directions for further research.

关键词： Members Of Society   Science Program   Technology Program   Programs Worldwide   Information System   University Degree   Rapid Changes   Quality Assurance   Computer Science   Technological Change   Computer Technology   Software Engineering   Information Security   Engineering Technology   Community Building   Professional Societies   Student Learning Outcomes   Development Of Artificial Intelligence   Disciplinary Expertise   Program Criteria   Joint Task Force  

摘要： ABET and its member society CSAB are looking into the future, and their direction aims to be responsive to changing needs.

关键词： Life satisfaction   Being accepted by others   Community identity   Relocated residents for poverty alleviation (RRPA)   Random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM)  

摘要： In China, the ultimate goal of the relocation for poverty alleviation (RPA) policy is to ensure that the relocated poor smoothly relocate, stably resettle, and become wealthier. With the completion of smooth relocation, the next crucial task is to guarantee that residents relocated for poverty alleviation (RRPA) maintain stability. Given that RRPA's life satisfaction affects their willingness and behavior to stabilize their placement. This study aims to explore whether being accepted by others and community identity are related to RRPA life satisfaction, and whether these three variables have a mutual impact over time. Based on the social identity and need to belong theories, a model of the interactive influence of being acceptance accepted by others, community identity, and life satisfaction was constructed. Using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), 383 RRPA datasets were analyzed. The results showed that being accepted by others significantly predicted life satisfaction for RRPA. Being accepted by others and community identity, as well as community identity and life satisfaction, can predict each other on cross-lagged paths. This suggests that resorting to community identity as an intermediate variable, being accepted by others and life satisfaction may form a virtuous cycle over time.