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关键词： Health sciences   Natural sciences   Computer science  

摘要： In the dawning era of artificial intelligence (AI), health care stands to undergo a significant transformation with the increasing digitalization of patient data. Digital imaging, in particular, will serve as an important platform for AI to aid decision making and diagnostics. A growing number of studies demonstrate the potential of automatic pre-surgical skin tumor delineation, which could have tremendous impact on clinical practice. However, current methods rely on having ground truth images in which tumor borders are already identified, which is not clinically possible. We report a novel approach where hyperspectral images provide spectra from small regions representing healthy tissue and tumor, which are used to generate prediction maps using artificial neural networks (ANNs), after which a segmentation algorithm automatically identifies the tumor borders. This circumvents the need for ground truth images, since an ANN model is trained with data from each individual patient, representing a more clinically relevant approach.

关键词： Electrical and electronic engineering   Computer science  

摘要： Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces have recently emerged as a revolutionary next-generation wireless networks paradigm that harnesses engineered electromagnetic environments to reshape radio wave propagation. Pioneering research presented in this article establishes the viability of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-enhanced indoor localisation and charts a roadmap for its integration into next-generation wireless network architectures. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental analysis of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-enabled indoor localisation scheme that evaluates the localisation accuracy of different machine learning algorithms under varying Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces states, antenna types, and communication setups. The results indicate that incorporating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces can significantly enhance indoor localisation accuracy, achieving an impressive 82.4% success rate. Moreover, this study delves into system performance across varied communication modes and subcarrier configurations. This research is poised to lay the groundwork for implementing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-empowered joint sensing and communications in future next-generation wireless networks.

关键词： Curricula  

摘要： Quantum computing presents a transformative potential for the world of computing. However, integrating this technology into the curriculum for computer science students who lack prior exposure to quantum mechanics and advanced mathematics remains a challenging task. This paper proposes a scaffolded learning approach aimed at equipping computer science students with essential quantum principles. By introducing foundational quantum concepts through relatable analogies and a layered learning approach based on classical computation, this approach seeks to bridge the gap between classical and quantum computing. This differs from previous approaches which build quantum computing fundamentals from the prerequisite of linear algebra and mathematics. The paper offers a considered set of intuitive analogies for foundation quantum concepts including entanglement, superposition, quantum data structures and quantum algorithms. These analogies coupled with a computing-based layered learning approach, lay the groundwork for a comprehensive teaching methodology tailored for undergraduate third level computer science students. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Conveying  

摘要： Text-to-video generation task has witnessed a notable progress, with the generated outcomes reflecting the text prompts with high fidelity and impressive visual qualities. However, current text-to-video generation models are invariably focused on conveying the visual elements of a single scene, and have so far been indifferent to another important potential of the medium, namely a storytelling. In this paper, we examine text-to-video generation from a storytelling perspective, which has been hardly investigated, and make empirical remarks that spotlight the limitations of current text-to-video generation scheme. We also propose an evaluation framework for storytelling aspects of videos, and discuss the potential future directions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： ECMO   Medical dashboard   Healthcare policy   Critical care   Pandemic preparedness  

摘要： In Germany, a comprehensive reimbursement policy for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) results in the highest per capita use worldwide, although benefits remain controversial. Public ECMO data is unstructured and poorly accessible to healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers. In addition, there are no uniform policies for ECMO allocation which confronts medical personnel with ethical considerations during health crises such as respiratory virus *** information on adult and pediatric ECMO support performed in German hospitals was extracted from publicly available reimbursement data and hospital quality reports and processed to create the web-based ECMO Dashboard built on Open-Source software. Patient-level and hospital-level data were merged resulting in a solid base for ECMO use analysis and ECMO demand forecasting with high spatial granularity at the level of 413 county and city districts in *** ECMO Dashboard (https://***/), an innovative visual platform, presents the retrospective utilization patterns of ECMO support in Germany. It features interactive maps, comprehensive charts, and tables, providing insights at the hospital, district, and national levels. This tool also highlights the high prevalence of ECMO support in Germany and emphasizes districts with ECMO surplus - where patients from other regions are treated, or deficit - origins from which ECMO patients are transferred to other regions. The dashboard will evolve iteratively to provide stakeholders with vital information for informed and transparent resource allocation and *** public routine data could support evidence-informed, forward-looking resource management policies, which are urgently needed to increase the quality and prepare the critical care infrastructure for future pandemics.

关键词： Computer science   Artificial intelligence   Large language models   Drug discovery  

摘要： A drug molecule is a substance that changes an organism's mental or physical state. Every approved drug has an indication, which refers to the therapeutic use of that drug for treating a particular medical condition. While the Large Language Model (LLM), a generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique, has recently demonstrated effectiveness in translating between molecules and their textual descriptions, there remains a gap in research regarding their application in facilitating the translation between drug molecules and indications (which describes the disease, condition or symptoms for which the drug is used), or vice versa. Addressing this challenge could greatly benefit the drug discovery process. The capability of generating a drug from a given indication would allow for the discovery of drugs targeting specific diseases or targets and ultimately provide patients with better treatments. In this paper, we first propose a new task, the translation between drug molecules and corresponding indications, and then test existing LLMs on this new task. Specifically, we consider nine variations of the T5 LLM and evaluate them on two public datasets obtained from ChEMBL and DrugBank. Our experiments show the early results of using LLMs for this task and provide a perspective on the state-of-the-art. We also emphasize the current limitations and discuss future work that has the potential to improve the performance on this task. The creation of molecules from indications, or vice versa, will allow for more efficient targeting of diseases and significantly reduce the cost of drug discovery, with the potential to revolutionize the field of drug discovery in the era of generative AI.

关键词： Students  

摘要： The objective of our study is to ascertain the present learning behaviors, driving forces, and assessment techniques as perceived by first-year students, and to examine them through the lens of the most recent developments (pandemic, shift to remote instruction, return to in-person instruction). Educators and educational institutions can create a more accommodating learning environment that takes into account the varied needs and preferences of students by recognizing and implementing these findings, which will ultimately improve the quality of education as a whole. Students believe that in-person instruction is the most effective way to learn, with exercise-based learning, group instruction, and pair programming. Our research indicates that, for evaluation methods, there is a preference for practical and written examinations. Our findings also underscore the importance of incorporating real-world scenarios, encouraging interactive learning approaches, and creating engaging educational environments. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Students  

摘要： Integrating AI-driven tools in higher education is an emerging area with transformative potential. This paper introduces Iris, a chat-based virtual tutor integrated into the interactive learning platform Artemis that offers personalized, context-aware assistance in large-scale educational settings. Iris supports computer science students by guiding them through programming exercises and is designed to act as a tutor in a didactically meaningful way. Its calibrated assistance avoids revealing complete solutions, offering subtle hints or counter-questions to foster independent problem-solving skills. For each question, it issues multiple prompts in a Chain-of-Thought to GPT-3.5-Turbo. The prompts include a tutor role description and examples of meaningful answers through few-shot learning. Iris employs contextual awareness by accessing the problem statement, student code, and automated feedback to provide tailored advice. An empirical evaluation shows that students perceive Iris as effective because it understands their questions, provides relevant support, and contributes to the learning process. While students consider Iris a valuable tool for programming exercises and homework, they also feel confident solving programming tasks in computer-based exams without Iris. The findings underscore students’ appreciation for Iris’ immediate and personalized support, though students predominantly view it as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, human tutors. Nevertheless, Iris creates a space for students to ask questions without being judged by others. © 2024, CC BY.

摘要： Patriann Smith’s Black Immigrant Literacies: Intersections of Race, Language, and Culture in the Classroom explores the dynamic and often invisible world of Black immigrant literacies in the U.S. school system. The book, informed by her personal experiences, research, and authentic narratives of Black immigrant youth, extends raciolinguistic perspectives, building upon the work of Drs. Jonathan Rosa and Nelson Flores. Smith constructs a framework and practical recommendations for educators to better understand and support this diverse population. This review examines the book’s structure, key arguments, strengths, limitations, and application to urban educators who look to move beyond the achievement gap.

摘要： This article analyzes the issue of using information technologies to increase the effectiveness of the educational process in general education schools, and researches the results obtained on the basis of scientific articles on the application of modern achievements of information technologies to the educational process. For this purpose, the urgent tasks of creating a method of teaching the subjects of "Informatics and information technologies" using computer simulation models and introducing them into the educational process of general education schools have been put forward.