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关键词： Flipped classroom   Hands-on learning   Interactive learning environments   Life sciences education   Self-directed learning   Student engagement  

摘要： This study assesses the impact of interactive learning environments and flipped classroom models on student engagement and learning outcomes in life sciences. We focused on the “Introduction to Laboratory Mice” course, utilizing the MITAKA SUPPLY Mimicky^® Mouse model alongside IT tools like Google Classroom, Kahoot, Mentimeter, Quizizz, and Zuvio for declarative knowledge instruction. The instructional approach involved: (1) delivering knowledge via flipped classroom with IT tools, (2) training in laboratory mice handling, (3) applying flipped classroom techniques with videos and presentations, and (4) fostering interactive environments through peer assessment. The study used pre-tests and post-tests, structured flipped classroom setups, and outcome assessments. Results showed that the flipped classroom model, paired with hands-on activities, markedly enhanced student engagement and comprehension. Attitudinal surveys reflected a positive shift, with students expressing greater confidence in their knowledge and skills in life sciences. This study highlights the role of clear objectives and goals for self-directed learning. Future research will examine optimal resource distribution and the long-term effects of these educational strategies. Findings provide key insights for educators in implementing and improving interactive learning within life sciences curricula. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Cyanide   Deforestation   Health   Mercury   Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)   Water Pollution  

摘要： This paper critically examines how military interventions aimed at eradicating informal or illegal mining unintentionally expand the environmental footprint of mining activities. In recent years, governments in many informal mining regions have increasingly relied on military forces to curb the environmental damage attributed to these unregulated practices. Although military action has gained popularity as a rapid-response strategy, its effectiveness in addressing informal mining remains limited. Drawing on the theory of unintended consequences and field data from southwestern Ghana, this study provides new evidence that military interventions, rather than curtailing informal mining, inadvertently drive miners to relocate to undisturbed areas, exacerbating environmental degradation. Miners adapt to military actions by moving to new sites, with mechanized operations significantly accelerating ecological harm. To illustrate this complex dynamic, the study introduces the Intervention and Environmental Expansion (IEE) Framework, demonstrating how ongoing military interventions can inadvertently intensify mining activities and environmental damage. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： 计算机   字母词   字母词素   分支领域  

摘要： 文章采用计量分析方法,对《计算机科学技术名词》三个版本收录的字母词进行了详细分析,并对字母词的词素和字母词的分布领域做了深入研究。研究发现,字母词数量和比例都呈现明显上升趋势,字母词主要出现于计算机语言、网络、通信等新兴领域。研究为计算机领域字母词规范化提供了数据支持,并为字母词提供了新的研究视角。

关键词： COVID-19   Emergency remote teaching   Instructors’ experience   Online education   Survey study  

摘要： In May 2020, about 2 months after countless institutions across the world resorted to moving all their courses online in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a survey to evaluate the impact of this transition on a group of computer science students. That first survey highlighted mostly negative effects, with students struggling to perform many class-related activities. About a year later, after a full year of remote teaching, we wanted to see if and how the students’ sentiment had changed. To assess students’ perceptions of remote teaching, we conducted a new survey composed of 41 multiple choice, Likert scale and open-ended questions. Additionally, we interviewed instructors of computer science courses, to learn about their experience and how they adapted to the new teaching modality. 137 students and 10 instructors shared their feedback regarding their positive and negative experiences in the new learning format. Our results show that the students’ experience improved significantly, to the point that many of them expressed interest in continuing learning online, at least partially, but some populations (e.g., early years students) may still be at a disadvantage in this learning format. At the same time, the instructors manifested concerns that this may not produce the best learning outcomes for the students. The results and considerations included in this report may benefit the conversation on how to conduct computer science higher education in a post-pandemic world. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Quantum Technology   Physics   Engineering   Computer Science   Interdisciplinary   Workforce Development   Industry  

摘要： In this article, we investigate a growing trend in the worldwide Quantum Technology (QT) education landscape, that of the development of master's programs, intended to provide graduates with the knowledge and skills to take a job in the quantum industry, while serving a much shorter timeline than a doctoral degree. Through a global survey, we identified 86 master's programs, with substantial growth since 2021. Over time master's have become increasingly interdisciplinary, organised by multiple faculties or through joint degree programs, and offer more hands-on experiences such as internships in companies. Information from program organisers and websites suggests that the intended career destinations of their graduates are a diverse range of industries, and therefore master's programs may be a boon to the industrialisation of quantum technologies. Finally, we identify a range of national efforts to grow the quantum workforce of many countries, "quantum program enhancements", which augment the content of existing study programs with quantum content. This may further contribute to the growth and viability of master's programs as a route to the quantum industry.

关键词： Cancer registry   Computer science   German   Knowledge extraction   Large language models   Medical informatics   Natural language processing   Oncology   Pathology   Privacy   Prompt design   Retrival augmented generation  

摘要： Structured oncological documentation is vital for data-driven cancer care, yet extracting clinical features from unstructured pathology reports remains challenging—especially in German healthcare, where strict data protection rules require local model deployment. This study evaluates open-source large language models (LLMs) for extracting oncological attributes from German pathology reports in a secure, on-premise setting. We created a gold-standard dataset of 522 annotated reports and developed a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipeline using an additional 15,000 pathology reports. Five instruction-tuned LLMs (Llama 3.3 70B, Mistral Small 24B, and three SauerkrautLM variants) were evaluated using three prompting strategies: zero-shot, few-shot, and RAG-enhanced few-shot prompting. All models produced structured JSON outputs and were assessed using entity-level precision, recall, accuracy, and macro-averaged F1-score. Results show that Llama 3.3 70B achieved the highest overall performance (F1 > 0.90). However, when combined with the RAG pipeline, Mistral Small 24B achieved nearly equivalent performance, matching Llama 70B on most entity types while requiring significantly fewer computational resources. Prompting strategy significantly impacted performance: few-shot prompting improved baseline accuracy, and RAG further enhanced performance, particularly for models with fewer than 24B parameters. Challenges remained in extracting less frequent but clinically critical attributes like metastasis and staging, underscoring the importance of retrieval mechanisms and balanced training data. This study demonstrates that open-source LLMs, when paired with effective prompting and retrieval strategies, can enable high-quality, privacy-compliant extraction of oncological information from unstructured text. The finding that smaller models can match larger ones through retrieval augmentation highlights a path toward scalable, resource-efficient deployment in German clinical

关键词： Rice straw   KOH-urea pretreatment   Biorefinery   Fertilizer   Bacillus   Priestia  

摘要： Management of black liquor (BL) generated from alkaline pretreatment poses significant challenges for realizing economically lignocellulosic biorefinery. Recently, the application of BL from KOH-urea pretreatment of crop's straw for crop growth provides a circular and economic way for BL recycling. However, the influence of low molecular weight (LMW) organics in BL on plant growth has been unknown. This study detected 11 LMW organics in BL from KOH-urea-treated rice straw, and found their concentration effect on the growth of rice seedling, especially for strong inhibition from p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid at 5 mg/L, and good promotion from n-butyl acetate at 25 mg/L. The inoculation of self-preserved bacterial and fungal strains into BL could obviously remove p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. BL inoculated with Priestia sp. xly-4 significantly enhanced root development, increased soil nutrients, and improved the distribution of beneficial microorganisms around the rhizosphere soil to promote rice yield. This work would contribute for constructing an economically green way for lignocellulosic biorefinery via the efficient recycling of BL for the crop growth.

摘要： This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( https://***/locate/withdrawalpolicy ). This article has been retracted at the request of the Author. The journal previously published a corrigendum on behalf of the author that completed the analysis of Case 3 of Lemma 2 in the original publication. Further concerns about the study were raised by the author after the corrigendum published, which led to a full review of the manuscript by the Editor-in-Chief. After careful review, the analysis of the algorithm and the correctness proofs repeatedly use the inequality: OPT(G) ≥ OPT(G’) + l-1. This inequality is used first in the proof of Lemma 2 (Section 4) and is used repeatedly in the sequel of the paper. Unfortunately, the inequality does not hold in all input graphs. Without this inequality, the proofs of Section 4 are not valid and the claimed main results of the paper about improved approximation ratios do not hold. Due to the above concerns, the Editor-in-Chief of Theoretical Computer Science, Section A has decided to retract the paper.

关键词： AI well-being   Computer science   Digital well-being   Engineering   Interdisciplinary research   Psychiatry   Psychoinformatics   Psychology  

摘要： Electrical engineering and computer science as well as social/psychological and medical sciences have different traditions in conducting research and publishing it. These disciplines vary in the degree of focus and scrutiny they place on artifacts (e.g. software & models), knowledge, and methods, as well as the researcher's role and stance. In addition, there are differences between disciplines regarding the tools and measurements used and the subject of focus, whether human or machine. In recent years both disciplines are getting interested in studying similar research questions, whereas each party could benefit from interdisciplinary perspectives. This manuscript illustrates one relevant research area: The case of digital well-being intersects digital media design, primarily an engineering concern, with the goal of preserving and improving the well-being of users and society (the latter often being a focus of social, psychological and medical sciences). Logically, the goals of this research endeavor can be at best reached via interdisciplinary efforts, where the computer sciences meet the social/psychological/medical sciences. This will be also true for the new research area of AI well-being, and we discuss relationships between digital well-being and AI well-being on a theoretical level. © 2025 The Authors