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关键词： Predatory publishing   Publication ethics   Peer review   Bioethics  

摘要： This paper describes and discusses the phenomenon 'predatory publishing', in relation to both academic journals and books, and suggests a list of characteristics by which to identify predatory journals. It also raises the question whether traditional publishing houses have accompanied rogue publishers upon this path. It is noted that bioethics as a discipline does not stand unaffected by this trend. Towards the end of the paper it is discussed what can and should be done to eliminate or reduce the effects of this development. The paper concludes that predatory publishing is a growing phenomenon that has the potential to greatly affect both bioethics and science at large. Publishing papers and books for profit, without any genuine concern for content, but with the pretence of applying authentic academic procedures of critical scrutiny, brings about a worrying erosion of trust in scientific publishing.

关键词： BEHAVIOR   BIOETHICS   NEUROSCIENCES   PHILOSOPHY   SERIAL publications  

摘要： An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses the various reports within the issue including reflections on the contribution of neuroscience to bioethics, neuroscience to practical ethics and feasibility of moral enhancement neurotechnologies.

关键词： Embryo research   Value pluralism   Compromise   Beneficence   Warnock report  

摘要： Background: This article explores the reasons in favour of revising and extending the current 14-day statutory limit to maintaining human embryos in culture. This limit is enshrined in law in over a dozen countries, including the United Kingdom. In two recently published studies (2016), scientists have shown that embryos can be sustained in vitro for about 13 days after fertilisation. Positive reactions to these results have gone hand in hand with calls for revising the 14-day rule, which only allows embryo research until the 14th day after fertilisation. Main text: The article explores the most prominent arguments in favour of and against the extension of the 14-day limit for conducting research on human embryos. It situates these arguments within the history of the 14-day limit. I start by discussing the history of the 14-day limit in the United Kingdom and the reasons behind the decision to opt for a compromise between competing moral views. I then analyse the arguments that those who are generally in favour of embryo research put forward in support of extending the 14-day rule, namely (a) the argument of the beneficence of research and (b) the argument of technical feasibility (further explained in the article). I then show how these two arguments played a role in the recent approval of two novel techniques for the replacement of faulty mitochondrial DNA in the United Kingdom. Despite the popularity and widespread use of these arguments, I argue that they are ultimately problematic and should not be straightforwardly accepted (i.e. accepted without further scrutiny). I end by making a case for respecting value pluralism in the context of embryo research, and I present two reasons in favour of respecting value pluralism: the argument of public trust and the argument of democracy. Conclusion: I argue that 14-day limit for embryo research is not a valuable tool despite being a solution of compromise, but rather because of it. The importance of respecting value plur

关键词： Business   Policy  

关键词： 基因工程   传染病   儿童  

摘要： “手足口病”是一种儿童常见的传染病，一旦受到感染，后果非常严重。而且手足口病至今没有有效的治疗措施，只能靠儿童抵抗力自愈，然而现在一则好消息传来——新国大苏研院成功开发全球首例人手足口病基因工程疫苗!

关键词： 基因工程   垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽衍生物   2型糖尿病   胰岛素敏感性   葡萄糖耐量  

摘要： 利用基因工程技术高效制备具有治疗2型糖尿病功能的垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽(PACAP)衍生物MPL-2,并以2型糖尿病小鼠(db/db小鼠)为模型在体内研究其抗2型糖尿病的生物学作用。实验结果表明:利用基因工程技术制备的PACAP27衍生多肽MPL-2的分子质量为3 902Da.,纯度达97%,其产率可达29.3mg/L发酵产物;在以db/db小鼠为模型的体内葡萄糖耐量实验中,MPL-2可有效促进小鼠胰岛素第一时相(5~15min)分泌,显著提高小鼠的葡萄糖耐受能力。在MPL-2的长效药效学实验中,经过8周连续用药治疗后,MPL-2可显著提高db/db小鼠的胰岛素敏感性,胰岛素耐量实验60min时MPL-2可将小鼠血糖降至初始值的63.52%;同时,在8周连续用药治疗过程中,与生理盐水(NS)处理组相比,MPL-2可有效降低db/db小鼠的体重、空腹血糖、饮食量、饮水量,分别低于NS组21.98%、21.46%、22.20%、60.07%,而且可显著改善db/db小鼠的血脂常数,生物学作用显著优于多肽BAY55-9837。建立了新型基因重组PACAP27衍生多肽MPL-2的高效制备技术,重组多肽MPL-2可有效改善2型糖尿病db/db小鼠的葡萄糖耐量、胰岛素敏感性、血脂常数,显著降低db/db小鼠的体重、空腹血糖、饮食和饮水量,从而发挥治疗2型糖尿病的生物学作用,可为MPL-2的药用研发提供实验数据。

关键词： 转基因作物   决策伦理   互动满意人  

摘要： 针对中国转基因作物产业化决策的伦理问题特征,基于互动满意人理念分析其在风险认知和利益分配层面存在的分歧,能够探寻其公共决策伦理共识路径。在认知受限、利益分歧的情况下,通过深化相关决策中公众参与、科学理解、利害妥协的持续认知互动来逐步达成伦理共识,才能保证公共利益公正的实现并规范转基因作物产业化合理发展。

关键词： 发状根   大豆   基因工程   分子育种  

摘要： 发状根农杆菌Ri质粒侵染植物后诱导大量发状根发生,由此发展起来的遗传转化体系已经成为一项非常重要的转基因技术,并被应用到生命科学的多个领域。大豆是重要的粮食作物和油料作物,也是目前转基因种植面积最大的作物。现有的大豆子叶节、幼胚、胚尖遗传转化体系转化效率低、周期长,而发状根遗传转化体系具有转化效率高、周期短等优点,因此发状根在大豆基因工程研究中被广泛应用。本文综述了近年来发状根在大豆基因工程中的应用研究进展。

关键词： 基因组   生命体   合成   酵母   节选   人类   转基因作物   技术人员  

摘要： 科学家们人工构建酿酒酵母的五条人造染色体，标志着已经合成微生物基因组的三分之一，向合成复杂生命体的方向又迈进了一大步。合成基因组可能会让一些生物技术人员面·临“扮演上帝”的警告。但科学家将这次成果视为现有基因工程的逻辑延伸，合成基因已经应用于常规的药物研制，比如胰岛素，以及转基因作物的生产。