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关键词： 人类基因组计划   中国生物工程学会   生物信息学   计算生物学   图谱   细胞   副主任   亚洲  

摘要： 美国太平洋时间2017年10月16日,陈扎克伯格基金会（Chan Zuckerberg Initiative）宣布了人类细胞图谱计划的第一批38个研究项目。人类细胞图谱计划是陈扎克伯格基金会发起的大型国际合作项目,致力于建立人体所有细胞的参考图谱,测绘生命的基本单元和原理,为理解健康和诊断、监控、治疗疾病提供基本参照,就是人体生命地图。人们将其重要性与人类基因组计划相提并论。

关键词： 猪圆环病毒   亚单位苗   基因工程   工程技术研究中心   大肠杆菌表达系统   上市   病毒样颗粒   生物工程  

摘要： 记者9月12日从洛阳普莱柯生物工程有限公司获悉，该公司以国家兽用药品工程技术研究中心为平台，利用大肠杆菌表达系统成功制备PCV2VLPs（病毒样颗粒virus-like particles，VLPs）。

关键词： 人胚胎干细胞   树突细胞   microRNA-223   诱导分化   TGFBR3  

摘要： 目的:建立人胚胎干细胞(ESC)向树突细胞诱导分化的新策略,探讨microRNA-223(miR-223)在人胚胎干细胞源树突细胞产生过程中的调控作用及其分子机制。方法:采用人胚胎干细胞在胞外基质Ⅳ型胶原蛋白上直接贴壁培养,加入造血生长因子分步向造血干/祖细胞、共同髓系祖细胞和树突细胞诱导的方案,通过形态学、流式细胞术和造血集落形成实验鉴定分化细胞;人胚胎干细胞经慢病毒转染过表达miR-223或抑制其表达后启动向树突细胞分化,比较不同miR-223表达水平下分化细胞中造血集落形成的数目和表面标记物的表达量;应用双荧光素酶报告基因检测验证TGFBR3是miR-223发挥作用的直接靶标。结果:人ES细胞成功诱导为树突细胞,分化细胞中表达CD83比例可达82%,在整个分化过程中miR-223表达呈上调趋势;添加miR-223模拟物组分化细胞表达CD34^+CD45^+、CD34^+CD45^+以及CD83^+的比例均显著高于添加miR-223抑制剂组和阴性对照组(P<0.05);添加miR-223抑制剂组分化细胞表达各阶段细胞标记物显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.05);添加miR-223模拟物组分化细胞出现大约759个CFU/105细胞数,显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);双荧光素酶报告基因结果显示,miR-223显著抑制TGFBR3-3'UTR结构的荧光素酶活性(下降了37%)(P<0.05),而且TGFBR3-3'UTR突变型的荧光素酶活性显著高于野生型(P<0.01);随着向树突细胞分化成熟,添加miR-223模拟物组分化细胞表达TGFBR3水平逐渐下降,而添加miR-223抑制剂组由于内源性miR-223受到抑制而明显上调TGFBR3的表达。结论:miR-223调控人胚胎干细胞向树突细胞分化,可能通过直接作用于靶标TGFBR3而促进胚胎干细胞源树突细胞的产生。

关键词： DNA切割   丙烯酸酯   光谱   DNA测序  

摘要： 研究了一种新型丙烯酸酯(E)-2-氰基-3-[4-(2,4-二氟苯氧基)-苄氨基]-3-甲氧基-丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯(MAE)对超螺旋pUC19 DNA的定点切割作用。利用紫外吸收、荧光光谱、凝胶电泳和DNA测序技术研究其核酸切割特异性。紫外吸收光谱的红移和减色效应,以及静态荧光猝灭表明MAE与DNA的作用属于典型的插入模式。不仅如此,凝胶电泳条带的变化以及DNA测序结果表明DNA的定点切割是通过DNA双链的分步水解完成。

关键词： 旁粒   NONO   胚胎干细胞   双价结构域基因   自我更新  

摘要： 旁粒及其组分在肿瘤发生和诸多正常的生物学功能中都扮演了重要的角色,但对于其具体的作用机制仍然缺乏了解。在人和小鼠的胚胎干细胞中,旁粒的关键结构组分长链非编码RNA NEAT1_v2并不表达,只表达其短变体NEAT1_v1和3种旁粒蛋白组分——NONO、SFPQ和PSPC1,提示这些组分可能具有独立于经典旁粒结构之外的功能。蓝斐课题组依托国家基金委"细胞编程和重编程的表观遗传机制"重大研究计划,在此方向上开展了系统性的研究,并获得了进展:首次发现旁粒蛋白组分Nono和Erk相互作用,共同结合在小鼠胚胎干细胞的双价结构域基因(bivalent genes)的启动子区,并参与Mek/Erk信号途径调控靶基因的待激活状态;研究还发现,Nono缺失的m ESC具有更强的自我更新能力,对于胚胎干细胞的体外培养有重要的参考价值。对本领域的最新进展以及复旦大学蓝斐课题组的相关原创性工作进行综述。

关键词： 美国   农业转基因生物   安全管理   机制创新  

摘要： 本文通过对中美两国转基因作物应用现状的对比,及两国转基因作物应用现状成因分析,总结了造成中国农业转基因生物技术应用瓶颈的主要原因,提出了中国农业转基因生物安全管理运行机制创新对策。

关键词： 癫痫   医疗   人类基因组计划   测序技术   医学研究   遗传突变   治疗方案   高通量  

摘要： 随着人类基因组计划的完成和高通量测序技术的迅猛发展，以及国际多中心癫痫精准医学研究项目的推进，临床对癫痫遗传突变的认识正逐渐扩展，这要求我们发展更加精细、有效且针对个体患者的治疗方案，精准医疗正好契合癫痫诊疗的需求。

关键词： PUBLISHING & economics   SERIAL publications   BIOETHICS   ELECTRONIC journals   ACCESS to information   ECONOMIC aspects   DEVELOPING countries  

摘要： The author reflects on the issues related to bioethics and challenges faced by publishers and authors in conducting research in bioethics. Topics discussed include free access to all bioethics journals through HINARI Access, differences in gross domestic product (GDP) of China and the U.S. and financial requirement for publication of academic literature.

关键词： arts   bioethics   interdisciplinary research   knowledge transfer  

摘要： How to engage the public in a reflection on the most pressing ethical issues of our time? What if part of the solution lies in adopting an interdisciplinary and collaborative strategy to shed light on critical issues in bioethics? An example is Art + Bioethique, an innovative project that brought together bioethicists, art historians and artists with the aim of expressing bioethics through arts in order to convey the "sensitive" aspect of many health ethics issues. The aim of this project was threefold: 1) to identify and characterize mechanisms for the meeting of arts and bioethics;2) to experiment with and co-construct a dialogue between arts and bioethics;and 3) to initiate a public discussion on bioethical issues through the blending of arts and bioethics. In connection with an exhibition held in March 2016 at the Espace Projet, a non-profit art space in Montreal (Canada), the project developed a platform that combined artworks, essays and cultural & scientific mediation activities related to the work of six duos of young bioethics researchers and emerging artists. Each duo worked on a variety of issues, such as the social inclusion of disabled people, the challenges of practical applications of nanomedicine and regenerative medicine, and a holistic approach to contemporary diseases. This project, which succeeded in stimulating an interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration between bioethics and arts, is an example of an innovative approach to knowledge transfer that can move bioethics reflection into the public space.

关键词： aesthetics   bioethics   emotion   feeling   medical humanities   reason  

摘要： This article is critical of "bioethics" as it is widely understood and taught, noting in particular an emphasis given to philosophical justification, reason and rationality. It is proposed that "balancing" bioethics be achieved by giving greater weight to practice and the aesthetic: defined in terms of sensory perception, emotion and feeling. Each of those three elements is elaborated as a non-cognitive capacity and, when taken together, comprise aesthetic sensitivity and responsiveness. This is to recognise the aesthetic as a productive element in bioethics as practice. Contributions from the philosophy of art and aesthetics are drawn into the discussion to bring depth to an understanding of "the aesthetic". This approach is buttressed by philosophers - including Foucault and 18th century German philosophers (in particular Kant) - who recognized a link between ethics and aesthetics. The article aims to give substance to a claim that bioethics necessarily comprises a cognitive component, relating to reason, and a non-cognitive component that draws on aesthetic sensibility and relates to practice. A number of advantages of bioethics, understood to explicitly acknowledge the aesthetic, are proffered. Having defined bioethics in conventional terms, there is discussion of the extent to which other approaches to bioethics (including casuistry, virtue ethics, and narrative ethics) recognize aesthetic sensitivity in their practice. It is apparent that they do so to varying extents although not always explicitly. By examining this aspect of applied ethics, the paper aims to draw attention to aesthetic sensitivity and responsiveness as integral to ethical and effective health care.