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关键词： 水稻   NAC转录因子   抗旱   耐盐   耐冷   抗病   基因工程  

摘要： 水稻经常遭遇干旱、高盐、低温、病原菌等逆境胁迫,影响其生长发育甚至产量。NAC转录因子是植物特有的、最大的转录因子家族之一,在水稻生长发育及抵御多种非生物及生物胁迫反应中具有重要的调控作用。本文阐述了水稻NAC转录因子的结构、分类及染色体定位,并阐述了NAC转录因子在水稻抗旱、耐盐、耐冷及抗病等抗逆基因工程中应用的研究进展,为NAC转录因子的利用及水稻抗逆遗传改良提供参考。

关键词： 褐飞虱   组蛋白H3   组蛋白H2A   启动子   Tail-PCR   基因工程  

摘要： 褐飞虱是对水稻危害最严重的害虫之一,目前缺少对褐飞虱内源高效启动子的研究。以褐飞虱的组蛋白H3与H2A基因为研究对象,通过已知的果蝇H3与H2A序列搜寻Genbank上褐飞虱表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,简称EST)数据库,从而获得同源序列来设计嵌套引物。然后通过染色体步移的交错式热不对称PCR(thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR,简称Tail-PCR)技术获得H3与H2A ATG前侧翼序列,分别为1 664、538 bp。PLACE软件在线分析TATA框、CAAT框、GATA框。为外源基因在褐飞虱细胞内高效表达以及褐飞虱转基因相关研究奠定基础。

关键词： Confucianism   MacIntyre   moral disagreement   organ markets   organ tourism   pluralism   research ethics   tradition  

摘要： How do we know that particular answers in bioethical controversies are true, or are at least getting closer to the truth? We gain insight into this question by applying Alasdair MacIntyre's work on the nature of rationality, rational justification, and tradition. Using MacIntyre's work and the papers in this issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, I propose a framework for members of particular traditions to judge whether (i.) they themselves or (ii.) other traditions are getting closer to or further away from the truth in particular bioethical questions. Members of different traditions-be it Confucian, Aristotelian, politically liberal, utilitarian, or something else-should look at how they and their theoretical rivals look at empirical data to address bioethical questions, the moral judgments they make, and the laws and regulations they support. Some level of agreement on these issues need not require individual traditions to eschew their foundational premises or values;recognizing the reality of moral pluralism and disagreement should not prevent us from seeing this. Neither, as MacIntyre argues, should pluralism and disagreement obscure that a necessary condition for successful rational exchange and adjudication between competing traditions is granting authority to certain norms and virtues.

关键词： OPIOID abuse   STIGMA (Social psychology)   BIOETHICS   DRUG abuse   DRUG overdose   EPIDEMICS   DRUG addiction   HOSPITAL emergency services -- Utilization   PSYCHOLOGY of drug addiction   TREATMENT of drug addiction   SUBSTANCE abuse -- Psychological aspects   SUBSTANCE abuse treatment   SUBSTANCE abuse diagnosis   DIAGNOSIS of drug addictions   BRAIN diseases   DRUGS   ETHICS   THEORY of knowledge   MEDICAL screening   NARCOTICS   PAIN   PAIN management   DRUG abusers   SOCIAL aspects   MORAL & ethical aspects  

摘要： In this paper, we claim that we can only seek to eradicate the stigma associated with the contemporary opioid overdose epidemic when we understand how opioid stigma and the epidemic have co-evolved. Rather than conceptualizing stigma as a parallel social process alongside the epidemiologically and physiologically defined harms of the epidemic, we argue that the stigmatized history of opioids and their use defines the epidemic. We conclude by offering recommendations for disrupting the burden of opioid stigma.

关键词： 转基因食品   食品安全性   现代分子生物学技术   转基因作物   商业化生产   遗传物质   加工生产   科技产品  

摘要： 转基因食品是一种利用现代分子生物学技术将作物的遗传物质进行改造,并将该作物进行加工生产而来的食品,是一类具有很强专业性的新兴科技产品。随着近年转基因作物的普遍种植和转基因食品的商业化生产,关于转基因食品安全性的问题得到了广泛关注,各媒体与组织对该敏感话题也是争议不断。下面笔者将结合转基因食品的技术背景和国内外现状来与大家探讨一下转基因食品的安全性。

关键词： Business   Genomics   Policy   Society  

关键词： STEM cell research ethics   BIOETHICS  

摘要： "Review of Calvin Wai-Loon Ho, Juridification in Bioethics: Governance of Human Pluripotent Cell Research1."The American Journal of Bioethics, 17(11), pp. W12–W13

关键词： 人类基因组计划   内容   现状   未来  

摘要： 近年来人类基因组计划广泛的引起了人们的关注,我们大学生对这个计划的了解去还是有限的,我们应该了解它的内容、进程、未来,这样才能对我们未来生物基因学的发展产生良好的推进作用。本文通过浅显易懂的语言向大家简述人类基因组计划的内容、现状及未来。

关键词： Communitarian cosmopolitan   Digital biomedicine   Discernment continuum   Global bioethics   Global biomedicine   Global systemic shift   Integrative biomedicine   Meta-science   Neuroethics   Telos of humankind  

摘要： Background: As suggested by Shook and Giordano, understanding and therefore addressing the urgent international governance issues around globalizing bio-medical/technology research and applications is limited by the perception of the underlying science.& para;& para;Methods: A philosophical methodology is used, based on novel and classical philosophical reflection upon existent literature, clinical wisdoms and narrative theory to discover a meta-science and telos of humankind for the development of a relevant and defendable global biomedical bioethics.& para;& para;Results: In this article, through pondering an integrative systems approach, I propose a biomedical model that may provide Western biomedicine with leadership and interesting insight into the unity beyond the artificial boundaries o f Its traditional divisions and the limit between physiological and pathological situations (health and disease). A unified biomedicine, as scientific foundation, might then provide the basis for dissolution of similar reflected boundaries within bioethics. A principled and communitarian cosmopolitan bioethics may then be synonymous with a recently proposed principled and communitarian cosmopolitan neuroethics based on a novel objective meta-ethics. In an attempt to help facilitate equal and inclusive participation in inter-, multi-, and transdisciplinary intercultural discourse regarding the aforementioned international governance issues, I offer: (1) a meta-science derived through considering the general behaviour o f activity, plasticity and balance in biology and;(2) a novel thought framework to encourage and enhance the ability for self-evaluation, self-criticism, and self-revision aimed at broadening perspective, as well as acknowledging and responding to the strengths and limitations o f extant knowledge.& para;& para;Conclusions: Through classical philosophical reflection, I evolve a theory of medicine to discover a telos of humankind which in turn provides an 'interna