教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： Graduate education in bioethics   Erasmus Mundus Master of Bioethics   Bioethics education   Moral imperialism  

摘要： Designing bioethics curriculum for international postgraduate students is a challenging task. There are at least two main questions, which have to be resolved in advance: (1) what is a purpose of a particular teaching program and (2) how to respectfully arrange a classroom for students coming from different cultural and professional backgrounds. In our paper we analyze the case of the Erasmus Mundus Master of Bioethics program and provide recommendations for international bioethics education. In our opinion teaching bioethics to postgraduate international students goes beyond curriculum. It means that such a program requires not only well-defined goals, including equipping students with necessary skills and knowledge, but also it should first and foremost facilitate positive group dynamics among students and enables them to engage in dialogue to learn from one another.

关键词： Bioethicists   Scientific personnel   Science   Social Justice   bioethics  

摘要： Bioethics comes in for furious criticism in Stephen Pinker's new book, Enlightenment Now. Pinker argues that scientists are making human lives better and better, and that lives would get still better even faster if bioethicists did not use ideas like informed consent, dignity, sacredness, and social justice to hobble the scientists. Daniel Callahan, a cofounder of The Hastings Center and arguably of bioethics, is perhaps the best living embodiment of a bioethicist who has written about medical progress, and the March-April 2018 issue of the Hastings Center Report turns to him for a review of Pinker's book. In his essay, Callahan describes bioethics as guiding science, addressing problems generated by scientific developments and attempting to head off possible problems, rather than as broadly opposing science. That description of bioethics serves as well as anything to convey the flavor of much of this issue of the Report.

关键词： Curriculum   bioethics  

摘要： We certainly agree with both the importance of transparency of the values inherent in a teaching program as well as the idea of allowing critical discussion of said values. However, as to ‘the message itself’, i.e. the content of bioethics curricula, however, we claim that it is imperative as well. In fact, when designing a bioethics curriculum with the aim to teach it in international settings, you face the following trilemma. Either you develop a curriculum with the intention to promote some normative ethical theory or you do it without that objective. If you do endorse a normative theory within your curriculum, it will either be moral relativism or some universal ethical theory. All three options involve their own specific problems.

关键词： China   global bioethics   healthcare   patient-physician relationship   trust   trust-oriented bioethics  

摘要： Trust is indispensable not only for interpersonal relationships and social life, but for good quality healthcare. As manifested in the increasing violence and tension in patient-physician relationships, China has been experiencing a widespread and profound crisis of patient-physician trust. And globally, the crisis of trust is an issue that every society, either developing or developed, has to face in one way or another. Yet, in spite of some pioneering works, the subject of patient-physician trust and mistrust - a crucial matter in healthcare especially because there are numerous ethical implications - has largely been marginalized in bioethics as a global discourse. Drawing lessons as well as inspirations from China, this paper demonstrates the necessity of a trust-oriented bioethics and presents some key theoretical, methodological and philosophical elements of such a bioethics. A trust-oriented bioethics moves beyond the current dominant bioethical paradigms through putting the subject of trust and mistrust in the central agenda of the field, learning from the social sciences, and reviving indigenous moral resources. In order for global bioethics to claim its relevance to the things that truly matter in social life and healthcare, trust should be as vital as such central norms like autonomy and justice and can serve as a potent theoretical framework.

关键词： BIOETHICS   SCHOLARS   OPEN access publishing   CONFERENCES & conventions   MEDICAL research  

摘要： The author discusses the need of ensuring contribution of the global south to the field of bioethics. The author states that authors in the global south can access our content either by means of the access schemes offered by journals like open access journals, and mentions that scholars should participate in international conferences and workshops both to share their own knowledge, and learn from others.

关键词： Bioethics   Empirical research   Literature review   Qualitative research   Quantitative research  

摘要： Background: A review of literature published a decade ago noted a significant increase in empirical papers across nine bioethics journals. This study provides an update on the presence of empirical papers in the same nine journals. It first evaluates whether the empirical trend is continuing as noted in the previous study, and second, how it is changing, that is, what are the characteristics of the empirical works published in these nine bioethics journals. Method: A review of the same nine journals (Bioethics;Journal of Medical Ethics;Journal of Clinical Ethics;Nursing Ethics;Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics;Hastings Center Report;Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics;Christian Bioethics;and Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal) was conducted for a 12-year period from 2004 to 2015. Data obtained was analysed descriptively and using a non-parametric Chi-square test. Results: Of the total number of original papers (N = 5567) published in the nine bioethics journals, 18.1% (n = 1007) collected and analysed empirical data. Journal of Medical Ethics and Nursing Ethics led the empirical publications, accounting for 89.4% of all empirical papers. The former published significantly more quantitative papers than qualitative, whereas the latter published more qualitative papers. Our analysis reveals no significant difference (x(2) = 2.857;p = 0.091) between the proportion of empirical papers published in 2004-2009 and 2010-2015. However, the increasing empirical trend has continued in these journals with the proportion of empirical papers increasing from 14.9% in 2004 to 17.8% in 2015. Conclusions: This study presents the current state of affairs regarding empirical research published nine bioethics journals. In the quarter century of data that is available about the nine bioethics journals studied in two reviews, the proportion of empirical publications continues to increase, signifying a trend towards empirical research in bioethics. The growing volume is mainly attrib

关键词： 雌性胚胎干细胞   原始生殖细胞样细胞   减数分裂  

摘要： 胚胎干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的两大特性.在体外产生功能性的配子需要模拟体内生殖细胞发育的多个步骤.而将胚胎干细胞诱导成生殖细胞对于生殖细胞特化的机制研究以及在辅助生殖领域的应用都有着重大的意义.建立了具有生殖系转移能力的雌性胚胎干细胞系,并在体外将其定向分化成原始生殖细胞样细胞,这些原始生殖细胞样细胞在体内可以发生减数分裂,证明了诱导的生殖细胞具有功能性.建立一个有效的生殖细胞诱导的平台,为以后研究体外配子的发生打下了坚实的基础.

关键词： 牙周组织再生   组织工程   基因工程  

摘要： 牙周组织再生是实现牙槽骨、牙骨质、牙周膜间的再生与功能重建。随着组织工程学和基因工程学的飞速发展,为牙周组织再生提供了新的思路。