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关键词： 美国农业部   鸡肉   中国   进口   国力   中美贸易   转基因作物   产品市场  

摘要： 在中美贸易对话中，美国试图竭力说服中国解除对美鸡肉进口的禁令。美国农业部贸易和海外农业事务副部长Ted McKinney力推中国向美国开放其鸡肉产品市场。据悉，更好的转基因作物准入也将是本周双方磋商的议题之一。

关键词： 体育运动   基因检测   伦理   体育公平  

摘要： 阐述基因检测技术评估运动能力的科学依据和现状,从伦理学角度探讨如何规范体育运动能力的基因检测。提出健全基因隐私保护的相关法律和伦理规范;完善基因检测行业制度和规范;避免运动能力基因检测误判运动潜能,影响运动志向选择;杜绝运动能力基因检测引发的运动能力歧视。

关键词： 固体纳米孔   单分子分析   DNA测序   评述  

摘要： 纳米孔分析技术是一种低成本、无需荧光标记和扩增的单分子检测技术,其中基于固体材料的纳米孔由于稳定性高、耐受性好、尺寸可控、易于修饰等优点,在化学和生命科学等领域得到广泛应用。固体纳米孔主要由薄膜和管材料两种类型材料制备,其中常见的薄膜纳米孔包括氮化硅、二维材料、氧化铝以及聚合物薄膜,管材料主要包括玻璃毛细管和碳纳米管。本文总结了固体纳米孔分析技术的研究进展,展望了发展前景。

关键词： 转基因作物专利   利益关系人结构   全产业链   利益分配原则  

摘要： 专利制度是一种在相关利益关系人之间进行利益分配的制度,可以说,对利益分配的认识是理解专利制度的基础。因此,通过分析与讨论专利制度在一个相对特殊的领域——转基因作物产业链的利益分配,可以发现,与传统产业不同,转基因作物产业的全产业链更长,涉及的利益关系人更多,专利对不同利益关系人的影响方式与程度更为复杂;在此基础上,文章提出对转基因作物产业全产业链的利益关系人按照"四象限"的分类方法,对不同象限中的利益关系人采取不同的利益分配原则。转基因作物专利的利益分配充分显示出,专利制度不是一个封闭的体系,立法者与研究者需要在更为广泛的公共基础上认识专利制度的利益分配。

关键词： Integrative bioethics   Integrativity   Pluriperspectivism   Semantic incommensurability   Interdisciplinarity   Moral vocabulary  

摘要： The advocates of Integrative Bioethics have insisted that this recently emerging project aspires to become a new stage of bioethical development, surpassing both biomedically oriented bioethics and global bioethics. We claim in this paper that if the project wants to successfully replace the two existing paradigms, it at least needs to properly address and surmount the lack of common moral vocabulary problem. This problem points to a semantic incommensurability due to cross-language communication in moral terms. This paper proceeds as follows. In the first part, we provide an overview of Integrative Bioethics and its conceptual building blocks: mutlidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, and transdisciplinarity. In the second part, we disclose the problem of semantic incommensurability. The third part gives an overview of various positions on the understanding of interdisciplinarity and integration in interdisciplinary communication, and corresponding attempts at solving the lack of common moral vocabulary problem. Here we lean mostly on Holbrook's three theses regarding the character of interdisciplinary communication. Finally, in the fourth part, we discuss a particular bioethical case-that of euthanasia-to demonstrate the challenge semantic incommensurability poses to dialogues in Integrative Bioethics. We conclude that Integrative Bioethics does not offer a methodological toolset that would warrant optimism in its advocates' predictions of surpassing current modes of doing bioethics. Since Integrative Bioethics leaves controversial methodological questions unresolved on almost all counts and shows no attempts at overcoming the critical stumbling points, we argue for its rejection.

关键词： Freedom   Liberty   Imagination   Dialogue   Individualism   Autonomy  

关键词： PASSIVE euthanasia   BRAIN diseases   CULTURE   PERSISTENT vegetative state   SOCIAL media   PARENT attitudes   DISEASE complications   CHILDREN   MORAL & ethical aspects   PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects  

摘要： An editorial is presented on the move of clinicians that care for 23-month-old toddler Alfie Evans with degenerative brain disease in asking the court for permission to withdraw his ventilator support in Great Britain. It argues against those who question the clinical judgment made by the clinicians as they have no clinical qualifications to handle the matter. It emphasizes the vulnerability of the parents in such situations to make choice to satisfy their own psychological needs.

关键词： Empirical bioethics   Empirically informed bioethics   Evidence-based ethics   Empirical research in ethics   Life sciences   Interdisciplinary research  

摘要： Empirical bioethics is commonly understood as integrating empirical research with normative-ethical research in order to address an ethical issue. Methodological analyses in empirical bioethics mainly focus on the integration of socio-empirical sciences (e.g. sociology or psychology) and normative ethics. But while there are numerous multidisciplinary research projects combining life sciences and normative ethics, there is few explicit methodological reflection on how to integrate both fields, or about the goals and rationales of such interdisciplinary cooperation. In this paper we will review some drivers for the tendency of empirical bioethics methodologies to focus on the collaboration of normative ethics with particularly social sciences. Subsequently, we argue that the ends of empirical bioethics, not the empirical methods, are decisive for the question of which empirical disciplines can contribute to empirical bioethics in a meaningful way. Using already existing types of research integration as a springboard, five possible types of research which encompass life sciences and normative analysis will illustrate how such cooperation can be conceptualized from a methodological perspective within empirical bioethics. We will conclude with a reflection on the limitations and challenges of empirical bioethics research that integrates life sciences.

关键词： Cloning   Organism   Narration   Feminism   Casuistry   Medicine in Art  

摘要： In the traditions of narrative ethics and casuistry, stories have a well-established role. Specifically, illness narratives provide insight into patients' perspectives and histories. However, because they tend to see fiction as an aesthetic endeavour, practitioners in these traditions often do not realize that fictional stories are valuable moral sources of their own. In this paper I employ two arguments to show the mutual relationship between bioethics and fiction, specifically, science fiction. First, both discourses use imagination to set a scene and determine a perspective. Second, bioethics and science fiction share the family resemblance of expressing moral beliefs. I then consider how understanding bioethics and science fiction as interrelated discourses can be the basis of a methodology for inquiry into relational autonomy in the context of biotechnologies and medicine. As an example of this methodology, I analyse Fay Weldon's novel The Cloning of Joanna May (1989).