教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 植物物种   DNA   测序   脑机接口   生物技术   神经科学   Hub   读取  

摘要： 据Singularity Hub报道,过去10年,生物技术的进步已经促使医药、食品、生态和神经科学等领域取得快速进展。随着这些进步,我们有了更大的发展目标：我们有能力生产更多的粮食,这意味着我们也许能够进一步改造它们,使它们更健康;建立能读取基础思维的脑机接口,这可能意味着更先进的接口最终将能够读取复杂的思想。

关键词： monellin   甜味蛋白   生化特性   基因工程的应用  

摘要： 甜味蛋白monellin是一种高甜度、低热量的天然植物甜味蛋白,因其本身不含糖分,未来有望成为肥胖症、糖尿病和龋齿病等与糖的摄入有关的流行病患者的甜味替代品。但由于其生产成本高、热稳定性低等原因限制了其的大规模工业化生产,因此现阶段研究以实验室研究为主。文章综述了其来源特性、影响蛋白稳定性因素、甜味决定因素,并对其在基因工程方面的研究进展进行了综述。

关键词： 分子生物学与基因工程   OBE理念   教学改革  

摘要： 分子生物学与基因工程是生物技术和生物工程等专业的核心课程,传统教学模式难以适应快速发展的生物科技领域对高素质人才培养的需求。本文基于OBE理念,以培养学生的创新能力为最终改革目标,开展了授课形式、教学内容、考核方式等方面的改革与实施,取得了良好的效果。

关键词： 转基因作物   抗虫性   cry1A基因   简并PCR   筛选检测方法  

摘要： 根据不同转基因作物中cry1A基因的保守区序列,建立简并聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)对转cry1A基因作物检测方法。cry1A基因(包括cry1Ab、cry1Ac、cry1Ab/Ac、cry1A.105、mcry1Ac)是抗虫转基因作物中使用频次最高的目的基因,常用作转基因成分筛选检测的靶标。应用Vector NTI Advance 11.5软件将已报道的20余种cry1A基因PCR检测方法中的引物与11个cry1A基因序列进行比对,结果显示,这些方法的引物序列不能同时与所有cry1A基因序列完全配对,每对引物的错配碱基数均大于3个,且许多错配发生在引物的3’端,表明这些cry1A基因检测方法理论上仅适用于部分特定的靶标基因。在对MON810、Bt11、Bt176等11种转基因作物中cry1A基因核苷酸序列进行比对分析基础上,以其5’端的保守核苷酸序列为模板,筛选到1对简并引物,建立了cry1A基因的简并PCR方法。应用该方法能特异性地检测11种转基因作物中的cry1A基因,检测灵敏度可稳定达到0.1%。该方法为转基因作物中cry1A基因的高效筛选检测提供了一种新的技术手段。

关键词： 紫花苜蓿   分子生物学   生物技术   基因工程   青贮品质  

摘要： 紫花苜蓿是世界上重要的豆科牧草,培养优质苜蓿对于畜牧业的发展具有重要意义。紫花苜蓿的生长特性和光合特性受很多不同因素的影响,基于这些因素对苜蓿进行性状及品质的改良是关键。随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,在分子水平上对紫花苜蓿进行遗传改良的研究已取得了很多有价值的研究成果。文章归纳了各种生物技术在紫花苜蓿遗传改良中的应用,对基因工程在不同性状改良的研究进展进行了详细阐述,在此基础上,对紫花苜蓿分子生物学的研究前景进行了展望。

关键词： Australia   detention centers   children's health rights   vaccinations   procreative liberty  

摘要： This article considers recent ethical topics in Australia relating to the health rights of children in the contexts of (1) detention centers, (2) vaccination, and (3) procreative liberty, within a wider framework of discussion of the competing rights of society, parents, the child, and future generations.

关键词： Brazil   public health   right to healthcare   bioethics   intervention bioethics  

摘要： This article explores the current situation regarding the importance of access to healthcare in relation to the genesis and context of bioethics developed in Brazil, a country in which healthcare is understood through the national constitution to be a universal right of its population. Since the onset of the development of Brazilian bioethics at the beginning of the 1990s, topics relating directly and indirectly to the field of public health have been a priority in the bioethics agenda. The article considers the socioeconomic context within which conflicts occur, an issue that has been addressed in other scientific articles on bioethics in Latin America. It presents the main conceptual bases of intervention bioethics, a critical approach that has been developed as a reference point in this region, with the aim of analyzing (bio)ethical issues and indicating solutions that relate specifically to the different forms of social exclusion that influence the health conditions and lives of people in Brazil, as well as in other peripheral countries in the Southern Hemisphere and of the world in general. The article calls attention to some of the problems and challenges that the Brazilian public health system has been facing. An international agenda of "universal health coverage" is one of the main global threats to implementing the universal right to healthcare as it has been understood in Brazil.

关键词： Quality   Goodness   Method   Excellence   Exemplary  

摘要： Background: What is good bioethics? Addressing this question is key for reinforcing and developing the field. In particular, a discussion of potential quality criteria can heighten awareness and contribute to the quality of bioethics publications. Accordingly, the objective of this article is threefold: first, we want to identify a set of criteria for quality in bioethics. Second, we want to illustrate the added value of a novel method: in-depth analysis of a single article with the aim of deriving quality criteria. The third and ultimate goal is to stimulate a broad and vivid debate on goodness in bioethics. Methods: An initial literature search reveals a range of diverse quality criteria. In order to expand on the realm of such quality criteria, we perform an in-depth analysis of an article that is acclaimed for being exemplary. Results: The analysis results in eleven specific quality criteria for good bioethics in three categories: argumentative, empirical, and dialectic. Although we do not claim that the identified criteria are universal or absolute, we argue that they are fruitful for fueling a continuous constitutive debate on what is "good bioethics." Conclusion: Identifying, debating, refining, and applying such criteria is an important part of defining and improving bioethics.