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关键词： 猩红热   链球菌属   DNA  

摘要： 目的通过改进猩红热链球菌样本前处理方法,提高提取猩红热链球菌基因组DNA的质量,为高通量测序奠定基础。方法采用3种不同的样本前处理方法(方法1为试剂盒推荐法、方法2为加溶菌酶和RNase法、方法3为改良的核酸提取法)提取猩红热链球菌基因组DNA,并对提取的基因组DNA分别进行浓度、纯度以及完整度检测,并进行高通量测序分析。结果方法1提取的3株分离株的基因组DNA浓度分别为2.08、1.02和2.24 ng/μL,A260/A280比值为2.200～2.300,A260/A230比值为0.612～0.823;方法 2提取的3株分离株的基因组DNA浓度分别为4.04、4.46、4.12 ng/μL,A260/A280比值为1.862～1.952,A260/A230比值为1.922～2.150;方法3提取的3株分离株的基因组DNA浓度分别为58.60、50.00、62.60 ng/μL,A260/A280比值为1.802～1.832,A260/A230比值为2.440～2.531。琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析结果显示,仅方法3的电泳条带比较完整,且亮度较亮;以方法3提取的宏基因组DNA热链球菌样本前处理方法会影响基因组DNA的纯度、浓度和产量,改良的猩红热链球菌样本前处理方法可以为后续的高通量测序提供高质量的模板。

关键词： 寄生虫   14-3-3   基因工程疫苗   综述  

摘要： 寄生虫病是危害人和动物的重要传染病之一,疫苗是目前控制寄生虫病最为经济有效的方式。近年来,免疫学及生物工程的迅速发展极大的促进了寄生虫基因工程疫苗的研究。14-3-3蛋白是一种广泛存在于真核生物中的高度保守蛋白,已被国内外学者运用于多种寄生虫基因工程疫苗的研究。本文则对国内外寄生虫14-3-3基因工程疫苗的研究进展做一综述。

关键词： 精原相关抗原9   条件性基因敲除   胚胎干细胞   mSpag9基因敲除小鼠模型  

摘要： 目的:为研究支架蛋白JLP在肾脏中的生理功能,建立小鼠精子相关抗原(mSpag9)肾脏特异性基因敲除小鼠模型,为研究该基因所发挥的重要生理功能提供材料和思路。方法:构建mSpag9基因重组载体,通过电转打靶转染胚胎干细胞(ES细胞),将筛选出的阳性ES细胞克隆,经显微注射至超排小鼠的囊胚腔后移植于受体小鼠,从子代筛选嵌合体小鼠,与携带flp位点C57/BL6N小鼠杂交后得到mSpag9flox/+基因敲除小鼠,自交筛选出mSpag9flox/flox小鼠,再与KSP-CreERT2小鼠杂交得到mSpag9flox/flox-Cre肾脏特异性基因敲除小鼠并进行鉴定,待小鼠成长至5周,使用Tamoxifen(10mg/mL葵花籽油溶解)腹腔注射(0.04mg/g)诱导Cre重组酶特异性表达于肾小管上皮细胞。结果:经PCR扫描后得到10株阳性ES细胞克隆,其中6株使用SouthernBlot鉴定;经显微注射后得到4只雄性、5只雌性嵌合体小鼠,与flp小鼠杂交后得到9只mSpag9flox/+基因敲除小鼠,将自交得到的mSpag9flox/flox小鼠与KSP-CreERT2小鼠交配筛选出mSpag9flox/+-Cre+3只小鼠,将其与mSpag9flox/flox小鼠回交得到基因型为mSpag9flox/flox-Cre+小鼠,即为mSpag9肾脏特异性基因敲除小鼠。结论:该模型利用Cre-Loxp系统实现基因mSpag9的基因打靶,Tamxifen诱导基因mSpag9实现该基因在肾小管上皮细胞上敲除,为进一步研究mSpag9基因及支架蛋白在肾脏生理病理进展中所发挥的作用提供工具。

关键词： 基因工程   创新创业   师资队伍   在线课程  

摘要： 基因工程是生物技术和生物工程专业的必修课,该课程除了是一门理论性、技术性均强的专业课程外,其潜在的商业性也很强。在"大众创业,万众创新"的推动下,如何将《基因工程》专业课程与创新创业教育相融合,我们深刻地剖析了自己讲授课程的性质和特点,拟从师资队伍建设、教学内容规划和在线网络课程建设三方面构建创新创业型基因工程教学体系。

关键词： codes of ethics   continuous deep sedation   definitions of mental disease   informed consent   roportionism  

摘要： An important role of the philosopher is to critically reflect on what is often taken for granted, using the tools of argument and analysis. This article engages with six different papers that offer critical reflections on conventional concepts and beliefs in bioethics regarding informed consent, continuous deep sedation, traditional moral theories underlying bioethical thinking, the definition of mental disease, and codes of ethics for particular medical specialties.

关键词： Empirical approaches   ethics   metaphor   neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses   parents   qualitative research  

摘要： Background: Metaphors are often used within the context of ethics and healthcare but have hardly been explored in relation to moral reasoning. Objective: To describe a central set of metaphors in one case and to explore their contribution to moral reasoning. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 parents of a child suffering from the neurodegenerative disease CLN3. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and metaphors were analyzed. The researchers wrote memos and discussed about their analyses until they reached consensus. Ethical considerations: Participants gave oral and written consent and their confidentiality and anonymity were respected. Findings: A central set of metaphors referred to the semantic field of the hands and arms and consisted of two central metaphors that existed in a dialectical relationship: grasping versus letting go. Participants used these metaphors to describe their child's experiences, who had to "let go" of abilities, while "clinging" to structures and the relationship with their parent(s). They also used it to describe their own experiences: participants tried to "grab" the good moments with their child and had to "let go" of their child when (s)he approached death. Participants, in addition, "held" onto caring for their child while being confronted with the necessity to "let go" of this care, leaving it to professional caregivers. Discussion: The ethical analysis of the findings shows that thinking in terms of the dialectical relationship between "grasping" and "letting go" helps professional caregivers to critically think about images of good care for children with CLN3. It also helps them to bear witness to the vulnerable, dependent, and embodied nature of the moral self of children with CLN3 and their parents. Conclusion: Metaphorical reasoning may support the inclusion of marginalized perspectives in moral reasoning. Future studies should further explore the contribution of metaphorical reasoning to moral reas

关键词： Bioethics   Medical students   Medical education   Moral development   Ethical sensitivity  

摘要： Objective: In the last decades, bioethics has been incorporated into the academic training of the Medical Schools. Some studies analyze the ethical-moral development of medical students and the effect of ethical education in other countries. This evaluation is done by measuring Kohlberg's moral reasoning (virtuous doctors), or ethical sensitivity to resolve clinical cases (physicians with ethical skills). The following study is proposed to assess the impact of bioethics training on these two variables, in Spanish medical students. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Site: Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida. Participants: 175 students from third year of medicine (78 before bioethics and 97 after bioethics, in different courses) were conducted. Intervention: Bioethics course. Main measurements: A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Rest Defining Issue test scale, and Problem Identification Test with clinical vignettes were administered. Results: A consistent and significant correlation has been found between moral reasoning and ethical sensitivity. Women presented greater post-conventional reasoning. There were no changes in Kohlberg's stage of global moral reasoning with ethical training. There were changes in ethical sensitivity with bioethical training, with a significantly and globally improvement. Conclusion: In our study, training in bioethics does not improve moral development but rather the ethical problem solving skills. It is asked if this improvement is enough to train doctors prepared for the new challenges. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.

关键词： Bioethics   Maqasid al-Shariah   Assisted reproduction   Islamic bioethics   Mitochondrial disorders   Tri-parent baby technology  

摘要： Tri-parent baby technology is an assisted reproductive treatment which aims to minimize or eliminate maternal inheritance of mutated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The technology became popular following the move by the United Kingdom in granting license to a group of researchers from the Newcastle Fertility Centre, Newcastle University to conduct research on the symptoms of defective mtDNA. This technology differs from other assisted reproductive technology because it involves the use of gamete components retrieved from three different individuals. Indirectly, it affects the preservation of lineage which is important from an Islamic point of view. This paper aims to analyze and discuss the implications of the tri-parent technology on preservation of lineage from the perspective of Maqasid al-Shari'ah based the Islamic bioethics. The analysis shows that there are a few violations of the preservation of lineage, hence the tri-parent baby technology should not be permitted.

关键词： 食品工程   基因工程   现代生物技术  

摘要： 在现代科学技术体系的发展下,食品工业正在经受着前所未有的变革,与现代生物技术的结合也变得更为紧密。在传统生物学的发展基础上,现代生物学利用更加高效、科学的手段更好地实现了食品工程学的发展,对于整个食品工业的发展意义也非常重大。在此基础上,通过对食品工程中的研究中的各种现代生物技术应用的研究,可以帮助我们更好的开发新食品,拓展食品来源,为食品工程相关的科学研究提供了理论依据。

关键词： 手术刀   基因编辑   编辑技术   基因工程   投资者   遗传病   生物  

摘要： 近些年,基因编辑技术飞速发展,现已在生物的各个方面有了突破性进展。许多专家和投资者认为基因编辑具有类似“手术刀”的潜力,可以从根本上治疗从癌症到罕见遗传病的大量疾病。相较于其他基因工程工具,基因编辑技术具有精确廉价、简单易用的特性,同时效果也非常强大。