教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 胚胎干细胞   生殖细胞   诱导分化  

摘要： 胚胎干细胞是一类全能型细胞,能在特定条件下诱导产生生殖细胞。近年来,科学家在胚胎干细胞的研究方面取得了一些突破性进展,能够突破常规,治疗生殖细胞缺乏的不孕不育症,对临床治疗和保护濒临灭绝的动物具有重要意义。笔者对胚胎干细胞体外诱导分化为生殖细胞的相关技术进行综述。

关键词： 植物基因工程   教学   探索  

摘要： 进入21世纪,随着基因工程的快速发展,很多农业类高等院校开设了植物基因工程本科生课程。文章从不断更新和调整教学内容、采用多种教学方式、建立完善考核制度三个方面进行教学改革探索和实践,以提高课堂教学效果。

关键词： 转基因作物   农药行业   影响  

摘要： 对转基因作物发展对农药行业的影响进行了综述。详细分析了转基因作物对除草剂和杀虫剂用量、国际农药行业重组、改变农药领先企业业务模式及催生巨无霸农药品种等方面的影响,介绍了转基因作物发展新进展,并对未来前景进行了展望。

关键词： 转基因作物   田间试验   商业化   作物性状  

摘要： 从学术界的科学争论到公众的安全担忧,转基因作物一直是社会关注的热点争议话题。本研究利用国际农业生物技术应用服务组织(ISAAA)的数据,从转基因作物的田间试验、获准商业化、商业化种植、转基因产品进口等方面系统梳理了全球转基因作物的发展演变,旨在客观展示过去几十年来全球转基因作物发展状况,以期提供一个全球转基因作物发展演变的全局性概貌。结果表明:转基因作物的大量田间试验和严格审批都表明各国的审慎态度和生物安全制度;转基因作物面积、种类、性状以及接受转基因产品的国家的不断增多都表明接受转基因作物及产品已成为不可阻挡的发展趋势。未来随着生物安全制度的完善、转基因知识的正确普及将会改善转基因作物发展的意识环境,更多的人群接受转基因作物将成为一般现象。

关键词： 甜瓜   基因组学   基因定位   分子育种  

摘要： 综述了近年来甜瓜基因组学、重要基因挖掘及基因定位、分子标记育种、基因工程育种等分子育种领域最新进展及甜瓜分子育种中存在的问题与展望,为推进甜瓜种质资源的合理高效利用,育成优质抗病甜瓜新品种提供新技术与方法。

关键词： Obesity in bioethics   Human microbiome   Relationship science   Social psychology   Food ethics  

摘要： Debates about obesity in bioethics tend to unfold in predictable epicycles between individual choices and behaviours (e.g., restraint, diet, exercise) and the oppressive socio-economic structures constraining them (e.g., food deserts, advertising). Here, we argue that recent work from two cutting-edge research programmes in microbiology and social psychology can advance this conceptual stalemate in the literature. We begin in section1by discussing two promising lines of obesity research involving the human microbiome and relationship partners. Then, in section2, we show how this research has made viable novel strategies for fighting obesity, including microbial therapies and dyad-level interventions. Finally, in section 3, we consider objections to our account and conclude by arguing that attention to the most immediate features of our biological and social environment offers a middle ground solution, while also raising important new issues for bioethicists.

关键词： 《基因工程》   教学模式   探讨   研究  

摘要： 经过40多年的迅速发展,基因工程已经成为现代生命科学领域最具生命力和最引人注目的前沿学科之一,本文针对基因工程教学现阶段存在的教学方法、教学内容和课程考核中存在的一些问题,结合自身教学中的方法进行探讨,为建设 “价值塑造”、“能力培养”、“知识传授”三位一体的《基因工程原理》课程标准化体系提出参考方案。

关键词： Pulmonary diseases   Hospital medicine   COVID-19   Epidemiology   Public policy   SARS coronavirus   Health care providers   Upper respiratory tract infections   Health care policy   Lungs   Bioethics   Patients   Ventilators   Triage   Infectious diseases  

摘要： Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has or threatens to overwhelm health care systems. Many institutions are developing ventilator triage policies. Objective: To characterize the development of ventilator triage policies and compare policy content. Design: Survey and mixed-methods content analysis. Setting: North American hospitals associated with members of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. Participants: Program directors. Measurements: Characteristics of institutions and policies, including triage criteria and triage committee membership. Results: Sixty-seven program directors responded (response rate, 91.8%);36 (53.7%) hospitals did not yet have a policy, and 7 (10.4%) hospitals' policies could not be shared. The 29 institutions providing policies were relatively evenly distributed among the 4 U.S. geographic regions (range, 5 to 9 policies per region). Among the 26 unique policies analyzed, 3 (11.3%) were produced by state health departments. The most frequently cited triage criteria were benefit (25 policies [96.2%]), need (14 [53.8%]), age (13 [50.0%]), conservation of resources (10 [38.5%]), and lottery (9 [34.6%]). Twenty-one (80.8%) policies use scoring systems, and 20 of these (95.2%) use a version of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Among the policies that specify the triage team's composition (23 [88.5%]), all require or recommend a physician member, 20 (87.0%) a nurse, 16 (69.6%) an ethicist, 8 (34.8%) a chaplain, and 8 (34.8%) a respiratory therapist. Thirteen (50.0% of all policies) require or recommend that those making triage decisions not be involved in direct patient care, but only 2 (7.7%) require that their decisions be blinded to ethically irrelevant considerations. Limitation: The results may not be generalizable to institutions without academic bioethics programs. Conclusion: Over one half of respondents did not have ventilator triage policies. Policies have substantial heterogeneity, and many omit gu