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关键词： history   history of medicine   bioethics   health equity   access to care  

摘要： Cultural historians and historians of medicine are a rarity in bioethics. Even those who write histories of bioethics are philosophers, sociologists, or theologians. Where have all the historians gone? If bioethics is to contribute to the urgent work of addressing social justice, structural racism, and health inequity, we bioethicists need to embrace history as a fully constituent part of our field. Historians can help us apprehend the ideas that shaped bioethics, and health policy more broadly, and discover the dissenting arguments that might inspire us now. Given our annus horribilis, history has become an instrumental necessity. It is only through the study of history that we can understand the past so as to reimagine how bioethics can influence health policy and work toward health equity.

关键词： Bioethics   Public health   Race   Racism   Health disparities  

摘要： Racism is a key driver of the social, political, and economic injustices that cause and maintain health inequities. Over centuries and across continents, racism has become deeply ingrained within societies. Therefore, we believe that it is our professional and ethical obligation as scientists, and public health scholars specifically, to address racism head on in order to ameliorate racialized health disparities. We argue that greater focus is needed on addressing racism rather than race and how race is described or defined. We offer input from public health scholarship to help bioethicists and other scientists contribute to addressing racism. To do so effectively and comprehensively, public health scholars, bioethicists, and other scientists should work together to identify and implement equity-driven collaborations to eliminate the deleterious effects of racism on individuals, families, and communities.

关键词： practical justice   justice   COVID-19   bioethics   biotechnology   ethics  

摘要： The ethical concept of justice, as it relates to the development and deployment of innovative health technologies, commands the fair and equitable distribution of burdens and benefits. In bioethics, specific guidance on practical strategies for achieving what this concept of justice demands are somewhat elusive. Drawing on issues of justice arising or likely to arise in the context of the search for a vaccine or cure for COVID-19, this paper argues for a focus on the concept of "practical justice" in post-pandemic bioethics work. To illustrate the value and promise of this concept, the paper reflects on an approach to achieving practical justice in health biotechnology research that is grounded in a commitment to offer technical assistance to developing and under-resourced nations.

关键词： Bioethics   Indigenous studies   Biopolitics   Critical bioethics   Health policy   Human rights   Indigenous populations  

关键词： Biotechnology   Ethics   Genomics   Society  

摘要： The book winds through her early life and career in biochemistry, her work in developing CRISPR, the fight over which lab discovered what and when, who would be awarded patents on CRISPR technology, its use in developing diagnostics for the COVID virus SARS-CoV-2 and, finally, the award of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Doudna and her colleague Emanuelle Charpentier. Reading this straight after Creely's soul-searching about what went wrong in the case of He Jiankui, it's impossible not to conclude that the blame lies less with overweening individual ambition as with an international scientific culture that, as Isaacson says, rewards "provocative research, celebrity, national scientific competitiveness, and firsts". Jackie Leach Scully is a bioethicist at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. e-mail: ***@*** CRISPR People: The Science and Ethics of Editing Humans Henry T. Greely MIT Press (2021) The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race Walter Isaacson Simon & Schuster (2021)

关键词： 基因工程   课程思政   生物技术  

摘要： 全面推进课程思政建设,就是要寓价值观引导于知识传授和能力培养之中,帮助学生塑造正确的世界观、人生观、价值观。"基因工程"课程是一门理工类学科专业课,在课程实践中探索课程思政的特点,深入挖掘课程思政元素,具有重要的课程育人价值。

摘要： The author reflects on the effect of racism on the work of bioethics in 2021. Topics discussed include the struggle to frame the racism discourse which requires empirical data, clarity and analysis, and a commitment to racial justice action, the mix of skin color and economic exploitation, and the concepts of racialized imagination and of race as a reflection of this for the work of bioethics. Also noted is the need for bioethics to press forward in its address of racism.

关键词： 鼠胚胎干细胞   牙上皮细胞   BMP4   支架材料  

摘要： 目的:检测聚羟基乙酸聚乳酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米支架材料结合诱导培养基和BMP4对胚胎鼠干细胞(mES)向牙上皮细胞分化的影响。方法:用PLGA作为基底材料,通过静电纺丝技术构建纳米纤维支架材料,结合不同时间点BMP4的干预,将鼠胚胎干细胞向牙上皮细胞诱导,构建mES向牙上皮分化的诱导体系,并进一步筛选出mES细胞向牙上皮分化的最佳诱导方案。结果:在培养初期抑制BMP448 h,然后在培养液中短时间(48 h)或持续加入外源性BMP4,48 h后可检测到成釉蛋白(AMBN)阳性的细胞。结论:PLGA纳米纤维表面结合诱导培养基和BMP4可将mES细胞诱导为牙上皮细胞。