教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 产业化应用   科技教育司   转基因大豆   显著成效   严格监管   管理处处长   生物育种   农业转基因生物安全  

摘要： 在中央提出“要尊重科学、严格监管,有序推进生物育种产业化应用”的背景下,2021年,农业农村部对转基因大豆、玉米开展了产业化试点。12月30日,在北京科技记者编辑协会主办的第十届全国媒体转基因报道研修班会议上,农业农村部科技教育司农业转基因生物安全管理处处长刘培磊称,试点取得了显著成效,这标志着中国的转基因大豆、玉米产业化试种迈开了历史性的一步。

关键词： eugenics   healthcare   queer bioethics   race   racism   welfare state  

摘要： The Nordic welfare state aims to offer universal healthcare and achieve good health, bar none. We discuss past and present moral blind spots in welfare state bioethics through reproductive justice and queer bioethics, particularly focusing on race and racism, based on ethnographic data from Finland. Globally portrayed as aspirational and mostly uninterrogated, it is crucial to have a thorough bioethical evaluation of a Nordic model informed by Black and queer perspectives. We have come to conceptualize the Finnish welfare state as haunted. We fear that the seemingly non-racial racial hygiene continues to haunt bioethics of the welfare state as structural racism. A key cause for this concern is the lack of racial awareness in public politics and the reluctance in discussing racism due to the national agenda of color-blindness. This crucially compounds to our findings that medical professionals prefer to think they operate on "purely medical" reasoning as opposed to nuanced ethical contemplation, the latter associated with "social issues" that allegedly cannot be resolved and are outside medical interest. We discuss how the bioethical aftermath of eugenics remains unresolved. Racist, classist, sexist, ableist, and cis- and heteronormative stratification of reproduction requires a nuanced moral compass for Nordic welfare state bioethics, not "strictly medical practice." We suggest queer bioethics as a moral theory for recalibrating this compass, joining forces with other justice movements to tackle racism in healthcare and further to interrogate racism, sexism, ableism and cis- and heteronormativity in bioethics.

关键词： agency   colonialism   digital health technologies   health justice   Indigenous data sovereignty   pandemic surveillance   vulnerability  

摘要： Our paper interrogates the ethics of digital pandemic surveillance from Indigenous perspectives. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that Indigenous peoples are among the communities most negatively affected by pandemic infectious disease spread. Similarly to other racialized subpopulations, Indigenous people have faced strikingly high mortality rates from COVID-19 owing to structural marginalization and related comorbidities, and these high rates have been exacerbated by past and present colonial dominance. At the same time, digital pandemic surveillance technologies, which have been promoted as effective tools for mitigating a pandemic, carry risks for Indigenous subpopulations that warrant an urgent and thorough investigation. Building on decolonial scholarship and debates about Indigenous data sovereignty, we argue that should Indigenous communities wish to implement digital pandemic surveillance, then they must have ownership over these technologies, including agency over their own health data, how data are collected and stored, and who will have access to the data. Ideally, these tools should be designed by Indigenous peoples themselves to ensure compatibility with Indigenous cultures, ethics and languages and the protection of Indigenous lives, health and wellbeing.

关键词： 创新型人才   基因工程   教学研究   创新创业  

摘要： 培养创新型人才顺应我国当前科学研究和创新发展的趋势,是我国当前社会进步和经济发展的必然要求。在当前时代背景下,普通高等院校基因工程课程也要进行教学内容更新与教学方法改革,以达到创新型人才的培养目标。本文对基于创新型人才培养的基因工程课程进行教学实践与思考。

关键词： 基因工程   课程思政   科学史   诺贝尔奖  

摘要： 课程思政是新时期高校思想政治教育的重要途径之一。科学史记载了科学知识从产生到持续发展的过程,蕴含着丰富的育人价值,能够为专业课的课程思政教学提供新的视角和思路。本文从科学史丰富的育人价值中选择科学精神、科学思维、科学兴趣和科学伦理4个方面的素材;依托"基因工程"课程内容,对有关诺贝尔奖的科学史进行梳理;然后,以4个方面的素材为育人载体,深挖其中蕴含的思政元素,通过实施课程思政教学,帮助学生达成课程思政目标;最后,综合运用问卷和深度访谈相结合的方式评价教学效果。借此引领学生树立正确的价值观,提高思想政治水平,以期为生物学专业的课程思政体系建设提供参考。

关键词： 大学生社会实践   STEM   iGEM   比较研究  

摘要： 近年来,作为科教强国重要举措的STEM教育受到越来越多国家的关注和重视。大学生社会实践是加强高校实践育人效果的重要载体,培养大学生STEM素养将成为新时代大学生社会实践的重要目标。为了改革与完善我国大学生社会实践模式,帮助提高我国大学生STEM素养,文章对国际合成生物学顶级学生赛事即iGEM竞赛中中美大学生团队的社会实践模式进行了比较研究。文章认为,可从"更新观念,大学生社会实践应以增强参赛者的社会责任感为目标""整合为要,大学生社会实践应从整体设计出发规划实践项目""创新形式,大学生社会实践以提升参赛者的综合素质为核心""多元合作,大学生社会实践应以可持续发展为动力"这四个方面改革和完善大学生社会实践。

关键词： 透明质酸   透明质酸合成酶   基因工程   代谢工程   枯草芽孢杆菌   谷氨酸棒状杆菌  

摘要： 透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)是广泛存在于生物体内的功能性糖胺高分子聚合物,在日化、医疗和食品领域应用前景广阔。随着基因工程与代谢工程等合成生物学技术的发展,人们对HA的生物合成过程和机理解析越发深入的同时,也伴随一些新的挑战来临。该综述从分子生物学角度总结了HA的关键合成酶基因及合成途径,对不同来源的HA合成酶进行了氨基酸序列比对分析,并详细描述了HA在常用微生物宿主中生产的安全性、底物不平衡性、发酵低溶氧性等瓶颈问题及其相应的合成生物学策略开发,从而归纳出了目前微生物中高产HA的有效策略,为进一步推动HA的绿色生物制造提供了重要的科学依据和理论支撑。

关键词： 文明基因   周礼文化   思维惯式   周礼村落   比较研究  

摘要： 从基因工程学和文化学的角度分析,文明基因的生命核心是DNA表征——思维惯式.不同的民族文明,是各自民族的“基因组”“表观基因组”和“大环境”三大因素及其相互作用的外在表达.各民族的基因各具特色,其变化极其缓慢,必须借助改造自然环境、人文环境、人际关系、经济—社会结构等“大环境”.周礼文明基因是中华民族在漫长的历史岁月中,历经世世代代潜移默化而遗传形成的“思维惯式”.从文化学和基因工程学两个视角,以周礼文化的“文明基因”为例,比较分析探讨文明基因的生命内核及其演进的规律.